JUDGMENT Viswanatha Sastri, J. 1. Appeal by plaintiff against the decree of the Court of the Additional Subordinate Judge of Tinnevelly, in O.S. No. 39 of 1919. 2. The facts which gave rise to the suit are as follows: One Shanmuga Kumaraswami Mudaliar died on January 15th, 1892, leaving two widows Parasakti Vadivu Anni, and Kaliani Anni (plaintiff) as his heirs. The two widows "to suit their convenience", divided some of the properties into equal moieties, and income from other properties was also similarly divided, as also debts due to the family. Parasakti died on December 10th, 1915, and, on her death, all the properties which she was enjoying accrued to plaintiff by right of survivorship. The properties which were in the enjoyment of Parasakti yielded an annual income of Rs. 6,000. The 1st defendant, who is the next reversioner, fraudulently induced Parasakti to execute a sale-deed in his favour with respect to the properties specified in some of the schedules and he also induced her to execute another sale-dead with respect to certain other properties in favour of the 7th defendants father, benami for him-self. A third sale-deed was executed in respect of certain other properties in favour of one Ramalinga Mudaliar ,who is the son of 1st defendants maternal uncle. Subsequent to these transactions, the 1st defendant obtained two other sale deeds with respect to properties comprised in Schedule III, and he also obtained a usufructuary deed of mortgage with respect to properties comcised in Schedule XXVI. All these transaprtions were entered into without any legal necessity and with a view to defraud plaintiff. The 1st defendant also received moneys from the Taluk Board, Shermadevi, which were legally due to plaintiff. Defendants Nos. 2 to 4 are the undivided sons of the 1st defendant. Defendants Nos. 5 and 6 are the widows of Rengauatha Mudaliar, the undivided elder brother of the 1st defendant; and the 7th defendant is the son of the 1st defendants sister. Hence the suit for the recovery of the properties that were in the possession of Parasakti Yadivu Anni, together With mesne profits. 3. Defendants Nos. 5 and 6 are the widows of Rengauatha Mudaliar, the undivided elder brother of the 1st defendant; and the 7th defendant is the son of the 1st defendants sister. Hence the suit for the recovery of the properties that were in the possession of Parasakti Yadivu Anni, together With mesne profits. 3. The 1st defendant contended that plaintiff and Parasakti effected an absolute partition of the properties, that each gave up the right she had to succeed to the properties that fell to the share of the other by right of survivorship; that the alienations sought to be impeached were for purposes binding on the estate, and that plaintiff was not entitled to any relief. Defendants Nos. 2 to 6 adopted the written statement of the 1st defendant. The 7th defendant contended that the alienations in his favour were for purposes binding on the estate. The 8th defendant was added as supplementary defendant on the gronnd that the property specified in Schedule XXV was in her possession, but she disclaimed all interest therein. The 9th defendant was also, subsequent to the suit, added as a party, on the ground that be claimed an interest in Schedules XXV and LIX. He pleaded that the alienations were binding on the estate. 4. The learned Subordinate Judge held that the division between the widows was only for the sake of convenience, that neither of them gave up the right she bad to succeed to the properties in the possession of the other, and that the plaintiff was entitled to possession of the properties comprised in all the Schedules, except Schedules II, XII and XIII. The appeal relates to properties with respect to which possession was not decreed and the 1st defendant filed a memorandum of objections with respect to the items decreed and which were in his possession. A similar memorandum of objections was filed by the 7th defendant. 5. In dealing with the memorandum of objections the question to be considered is the nature of the estate taken up by the widows by reason of the arrangement said to have been come to between them. A similar memorandum of objections was filed by the 7th defendant. 5. In dealing with the memorandum of objections the question to be considered is the nature of the estate taken up by the widows by reason of the arrangement said to have been come to between them. The contention of the plaintiff is that they were in enjoyment of separate portions simply for the sake of convenience, whereas the contention of the defendants is that the partition gave each widow an absolute interest in the properties, and that the widows parted with their right of survivorship. There is no document to evidence the partition of the properties now in suit, but it was contended on behalf of the respondents that the partition was on the lines of Ex. L of the date January 30, 1892. 6. The circumstances which led up to the execution of Ex. L are these: Shanmuga Kumaraswami died on January 15, 1892; and, on February 10, 1892, Avudiayammal Anni, widow of his deceased brother, presented for registration, a document which purported to be a Will,, and which was put forward as having been executed by Shanmuga Kumaraswami on 14th January 1892. The registration of the Will appears to have been opposed on behalf of the 1st defendant, as will appear from Ex. AAAAA. Exhibit L came into existence on January 30, 1892, and it related to houses and house sites which have no connexion with the present claim. To this document plaintiff, Parasakti and Avudaiy ammal were parties, and the document recites that these three persons had acquired under the Will of Shanmuga Kumaraswami the properties absolutely, and that the properties described in the document were to be enjoyed in the manner stated therein. The concluding words of the document on which reliance was placed are these "the properties belonging to the respective persons, be enjoyed by them alone with all rights." 7. It was urged on behalf of the 1st respondent that the other properties left by Shanmuga Kumaraswami, including the properties now in suit, were also divided in the same manner in which the properties comprised in Ex. L were divided; but there is no document to evidence the partition of these properties; nor is the date of the division ascertainable with any degree of certainty. In her evidence, plaintiff stated that "Ex. L were divided; but there is no document to evidence the partition of these properties; nor is the date of the division ascertainable with any degree of certainty. In her evidence, plaintiff stated that "Ex. L was not brought into force as there were disputes about the Will" and this statement of hers receives support from the circumstance that there was admittedly no division of the properties not comprised in Ex. L into three equal shares between plaintiff Parasakti and Avudaiyammal, as contemplated in Ex. L. Parasakti gave evidence in the Ambasamudram District Munsifs Court in a suit between her, plaintiff and 1st defendant; and Ex. G is a copy of the deposition then given. This is what appears at page 28 of the paper-book : After the death of my husband, the Defendants Nos. 2 and 3 and myself were enjoying his properties. We were enjoying them, each one share. For falsi 1301, we paid theerva in three shares. 8. At page 33 of the paper-book she says : Now for the past five or six months the 2nd defendant and myself have been paying in two shares. 9. She gave her evidence in June 1894, and consequently, the payment of kist in two shares must have been only from January 1894. Ex. M of the date July 15, 1893, is a lease deed in favour of plaintiff and Parasakti, and the circumstance that the lease deed was taken in their joint names indicates that on the date of this document there was no division of the properties between them. There is, therefore, strong ground for coming of the conclusion that the division of the properties not comprised in Ex. L was not made at or about the time of Ex. L but two years afterwards. The 1st defendant had not examined himself and we have not been referred to any oval evidence on his side as to the division of the properties in suit in the manner contended for by him. (His Lordship then discussed evidence and held that there is strong documentary evidence to indicate that the widows intended the division to be only for the sake of convenience, and that the 1st defendant was also under the same impression). Reference was made to Exs. XV and XV (a) which are sale-deeds executed by Parasakti in favour of the 1st defendant on the 19th of November 1915. Reference was made to Exs. XV and XV (a) which are sale-deeds executed by Parasakti in favour of the 1st defendant on the 19th of November 1915. These documents were admittedly executed a, few days before her death, and she was aged 70 then. It is stated in these documents that Kaliani had no subsequant interest in the properties. It was suggested on behalf of the plaintiff that the 1st defendant acquired influence over Parasakti during her later days, and got from, her documents in his favour. The 1st defendant has not gone into the witness-box, and the circumstances under which Exs. XV and XV (a) were obtained have not been explained. The documents relating to the circumstances above referred to, have been dealt with in detail by the learned Subordinate Judge and it will serve no useful purpose to deal with them here. 10. The right of Hindu widows to effect a partition of their husbands estate in such a way as to release the right of survivorship each possessed was first recognized in Ramakkal v. Ramasami Naicken [1899] 22 Mad. 522. It was there held that there was no legal obstacle to prevent one of two co-widows from so far releasing her right of survivorship as to preclude her from recovering from an alienee after the other co-widows death property given by way of partition to the latter and alienated by her. In this case there was a formal registered partition deed and, upon a construction of its terms it was held that the right of survivorship was given up. In Gomathi Ammal v. Kupputhayi Ammal [1904] 14 M.L.J. 175, the above-mentioned case was referred to, and it was hold that it was open to daughters while effecting a partition, by apt language to renounce their right of survivorship. In that case the daughters proceeded on the erroneous view that they had not a qualified but had an absolute estate which carried with it no right of survivorship, and it was held that the parties could not have possibly intended to renounce and did not renounce the rights of each to take as the fathers heir. The learned Judges observe that it was a question of intention in each case, to be gathered from the deed of partition, if any, and the surrounding circumstances, whether the daughters retained or renounced their rights of survivorship. The learned Judges observe that it was a question of intention in each case, to be gathered from the deed of partition, if any, and the surrounding circumstances, whether the daughters retained or renounced their rights of survivorship. In Subbammal v. Krishna Aiyar [1914] 26 M.L.J. 479 there was a deed of partition between the widows; and, on the basis of the deed it was held that the female heirs holding limited estates can so divide as to preclude the right of survivorship inter se. That this could also be done by means of an oral partition was held in Alamelu Ammal v. Balu Ammal [1916] 28 M.L.J. 685. The oral partition was proved; and the learned Judge (Sadasiva Iyer, J.), observes as follows: In this view, the plaintiffs having effected an oral partition with Subbammal, giving her under the oral partition agreement an absolute right in plaint properties, which gift involves the relinquishment by themselves of their right to claim possession of the property if they survived Subbammal, the said partition arrangement is binding upon them. 11. The vakil for the 1st respondent referred to the case of Hardei v. Bhagwan Singh [1919] 13 L.W. 436 but it will appear from the observations at page 410 (13 L.W.) that the arrangement was supported, on the ground that it was a family settlement, and that the rights of the parties were in doubt when the partition was made. 12. The vakil for the 1st respondent, also referred to the judgment in an unreported case, Nelakanti Sundarasiva Row v. Ivatuary Viyyamma A.I.R. 1925 Mad. 1267 but in that case this Court held that there was an arrangement between the parties to the effect that the division was absolute: although the trial Judge held that such an inference should be drawn from the conduct of the parties. The trend of the decisions above referred to indicates to ray mind that it has to be proved by clear evidence that the widows were conscious of the right of survivorship possessed by them; and that they intended to give up such right. Exhibit L is of no value because the division under it was made on the clear supposition that the widows got an absolute interest under the Will left by their husband. Exhibit L is of no value because the division under it was made on the clear supposition that the widows got an absolute interest under the Will left by their husband. This document cannot, therefore, indicate the intention with which the properties in suit were divided; and there being no other evidence to indicate what the intention of the parties was when the properties were divided and the circumstances referred to by the 1st defendants vakil being not conclusive for the purpose of proving division in status, coupled with the fact that Exs. A, C, D and J prove in unmistakable terms that the division was only for the sake of convenience, the only conclusion that can be come to is the one come to by the learned Subordinate Judge, i.e., that there was no giving up by the widows of the right of survivorship, and that separate enjoyment in equal moieties was resolved upon only for the sake of convenience. 13. The memorandum of objections filed by the 1st respondent relates also to alienations with respect to properties in the possession of the 1st defendant, which have not been upheld. Mr. Krishnaswami Iyer who appeared for the respondent did not urge any arguments impeaching the finding of the lower Court with respect to these alienations. 14. The 7th defendant also filed a memorandum of objections with respect to the sales in his favour made under Exs. LXI, LXII, LXIII. He is clearly related to the 1st defendant, and did not examine himself. Exhibit LXI of the date 4th October 1909, is for a sum of Rs. 700, and it recites that this amount was paid in cash to meet the pilgrimage expenses of Parasakti Vadivu. There is no evidence to show that Parasakti Vadivu went on a pilgrimage at or about the time of Ex. LXI, and the circumstance that the plaintiff admitted that she went twice to Benares could not be availed of because she has not stated that Parasakti Vadivu went to Benares at or about the time of Ex. LXI. Moreover, the properties which were in the possession of Parasakti Vadivu were yielding an income of Rs. 5,000 to Rs. 6,000 a year; and it cannot be said that she could not have gone on a pilgrimage without effecting a sale of immovable properties. LXI. Moreover, the properties which were in the possession of Parasakti Vadivu were yielding an income of Rs. 5,000 to Rs. 6,000 a year; and it cannot be said that she could not have gone on a pilgrimage without effecting a sale of immovable properties. Exhibit LXII dated November 29, 1910, appears to be a rectification deed and is connected with and goes with Ex. LXI. 15. Exhibit LXIII, of the date December 6, 1915 purports to be for a sum of Rs. 2,000 and this amount is said to have been borrowed by Parasakti Vadivu for the purpose of establishing a fund for the expenses of her funeral obsequies. 16. This document was executed four days before her death, and there is absolutely no evidence to show that the amount was entrusted with any person to perform her funeral obsequies. The case in Sadashiv Bhaakar Joshi v. Dhakubai 5 B 450 was relied on, but the facts of that case are that the amount was spent on funeral obsequies; and it was consequently held that the amount spent was a charge upon the husbands estate. The conclusion of the learned Subordinate Judge with respect to these documents has to be upheld. 17. The appeal preferred by the plaintiff relates to properties comprised in Schedules II, XII and XIII. The sale-deeds are Exs. III, IV and IX, and all that was urged was that the properties were sold for very inadequate sums. It was said that the plaintiff sold her share under Exs. XI and XII for Rs. 5,300 and odd, that Ex. IX was only for Rs, 4,000, that Exs. XI and XII had been executed ten months prior to Ex. IX and that the sale under Ex. IX should also have been for at least Rs. 5,300. It was also said that the 1st defendant purchased under Ex. XIII the properties conveyed under Exs. IX, XI and XII for a sum of Rs. 6,500, and that this circumstance also indicated that the sale for Rs. 4,000 under Ex. IX was for a grossly inadequate sum. Beyond the inference to be drawn from the considerations recited in Exs. XI and XII no evidence worth the name has been let in to prove that the sale under Ex. 6,500, and that this circumstance also indicated that the sale for Rs. 4,000 under Ex. IX was for a grossly inadequate sum. Beyond the inference to be drawn from the considerations recited in Exs. XI and XII no evidence worth the name has been let in to prove that the sale under Ex. IX was for a grossly inadequate sum, Exhibit Q was relied upon, but the person who prepared the statement was not examined, and the value of the property as given in it is, therefore, of no evidentiary value. The finding of the learned Subordinate Judge with respect to these schedules has, therefore, to be upheld. 18. Another objection urged by the vakil for the appellant with respect to alienations evidenced by Exs. III, IV and IX was that the registration of these documents wag invalid. It was stated that certain items of property not intended to be conveyed were conveyed under them, that this was done with a view to give jurisdiction to the Sub-Registrar within whose jurisdiction the vendors resided and that as a fraud on the Registration Law was practised, the registration was invalid. It was conceded that the items said to have been included with this view belonged to the vendors and neither the writer nor the attestors to these documents have been examined for the purpose of proving that the items were never intended to be conveyed. It was said that these items did not pass into the possession of the vendees but this circumstance even if true cannot be taken to imply that they were included in the documents for the purpose of practising fraud upon the Registration Law. This contention cannot, therefore, prevail. 19. Another objection urged by the appellants vakil was with respect to the interest allowed on mesne profits. The lower Court allowed interest at 6 per cent, and it was contended that interest should have been allowed at the rate of 12 per cent. I am not prepared to interfere with the discretion exercised by the lower Court. 20. The last ground of appeal relates to mesne profits subsequent to suit and up to the date of the delivery of possession. I am not prepared to interfere with the discretion exercised by the lower Court. 20. The last ground of appeal relates to mesne profits subsequent to suit and up to the date of the delivery of possession. It was mentioned by the 1st respondents vakil that a suit had been filed by the plaintiff for the recovery of mesne profits for a period of three years subsequent to suit; but the plaintiffs vakil staged that he was prepared to withdraw that suit which was still pending and which was stayed pending this appeal, in case this Court gave a direction for the recovery of mesne profits due from the date of plaint to the date of the delivery of possession. The vakil for the 1st respondent stated that he had no objection to this course. 21. The decree of the lower Court will, therefore, be modified by adding a direction to the effect that the plaintiff will be entitled to mesne profits from the date of plaint to the date of the delivery of possession, the amount to be ascertained by the lower Court. 22. The printing in this case appears to me to have been recklessly done. There are two paper-books containing 624 pages. Schedules have been printed which have no bearing with the matters in issue between the parties and our attention was not drawn to more than 30 exhibits. Excepting the evidence of plaintiff, the remaining oral evidence was not referred to. It appears to me that the costs of printing the two paper-books containing oral and documentary evidence in the case should not be allowed in taxation. 23. In the result the decree of the lower Court will be modified as indicated above. Appellant will pay the costs of the contesting respondents, the costs not to include the costs of printing the oral and documentary evidence in the case. 24. The memorandum of objections filed by Respondents Nos. 1 and 7 will stand dismissed with costs, costs not to include cost of printing paper-books. Spencer, J. 25. I agree.