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1947 DIGILAW 293 (MAD)

A. K. Gopalan, In re. . . . . . In Re. v. .

1947-09-23

GOVINDA MENON

body1947
Order.- For a speech delivered on 14th July, 1946, presiding over a meeting held at a cinema shed and situated in Kottaparamba in Badagara, the petitioner has been convicted under section 506 Indian Penal Code and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for six months which conviction and sentence were upheld on appeal by the Sessions Judge of North Malabar who, in addition directed the petitioner to execute a security bond for Rs. 200 with two sureties for a like amount each to keep the peace for a period of 18 months under section 106 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Whether the speech in question comes within the mischief of section 503 of the Indian Penal Code is the only question argued before me. The petitioner’s case is that the speech was a criticism of the police force in general in the interests of the public and not that he threatened with injury any person or class of persons with regard to their person, reputation or property. Portions of the speech extracted by the learned Sessions Judge show that the speech was very vehement in character and vulgar in tune. The Collector and the District Superintendent of Police have been dubbed as arch-rats and the other police officers as mice. But whatever that may be, unless the speech threatens injury to the person, reputation or property of an individual or a group of individuals, the provisions of section 503, Indian Penal Code, are not applicable. In Criminal Revision Case No. 10 of 1947, Rajamannar, J., observed as follows:- “I am inclined to hold that section 503 would have no application to a case in which an accused is charged with having threatened the police in general.” The learned Judge also held that the charge in that case was therefore defective. In the present case also the charge is in similar terms and the observations of the learned Judge apply with equal force to this charge. But the learned Judge held that in that case, the threat was held out by the accused not to the police force in general,but to the members of the police force stationed in Cannanore and to such members of the force who would attempt to interfere with railway strikers and on that ground, in spite of the defect in the charge, it was held that section 503, Indian Penal Code, was applicable. Having read the entire speech evidenced by Ex. P-1, I am of opinion that even here the speech is directed not against the entire police force in the whole Province or in India, but to the particular police force stationed at Badagara, if not in the whole of the Malabar district. Such force is a compact body of individuals under the direction of a District Superintendent of Police and a District Magistrate and the speech is addressed to that defined and ascertained body of individuals and not to any undefined or unascertained group. Portions of the speech extracted by the learned Sessions Judge are sufficient to indicate that what the petitioner intended was to frighten the members of that force with injury to their person, reputation or property. Whether as a matter of fact any one was actually frightened or not, cannot affect the question of the liability under section 503, Indian Penal Code. It is the intention of the speaker that has to be considered in deciding as to whether what he stated comes within the mischief of section 503, of the Penal Code. P.W. 1 the police officer present at the speech, deposed that he felt, on hearing the speech, the assembled crowd would assault him. He also felt that even the freedom for the ordinary citizen was not available for the police and therefore he thought that it was advisable even to resign his post. He was frightened that he might be injured seriously. Though in cross-examination he has made certain other statements in some respects conflicting, it seems to me that the general effect of the evidence was that he was frightened. P.W.2, another police officer, present at the meeting was greatly frightened that he would be assaulted. The intention of the speaker can only be gathered from his words and the purport of the speech was to cause fear in the minds of the group of police officials stationed either in the Malabar district or in the Badagara town. Mr. N. Rajagopalan for the petitioner argued very strenuously that the meeting was organized and convened by the members of the Communists party and that the speech was addressed to the Communists, their supporters and sympathisers present at the meeting and not to the public or to the police in Badagara or in Malabar. Mr. N. Rajagopalan for the petitioner argued very strenuously that the meeting was organized and convened by the members of the Communists party and that the speech was addressed to the Communists, their supporters and sympathisers present at the meeting and not to the public or to the police in Badagara or in Malabar. It was urged that the speaker did not know that police men were present at the meeting. I do not think that it is necessary for the speaker to know that any member or the group of persons who are intended to be frightened by the speech need be present among the audience. If the threat is held out to several persons to get them injured either in person, reputation or property, the person making the threat has been held to be guilty of this offence. Vide Empress v. Ala Husain1. That there are passages in the speech which would cause fear and were intended to threaten the group of police officers cannot be denied. Mr. N. Rajagopalan further contended that the speech as noted down by the police officer is not a correct report of what the accused spoke. I do not find that in either of the lower Courts the correctness of the speech has been questioned and that being so, it is too late for him to dispute the correctness of what P.W. 1 then and there recorded. Taking the view as I do that the intention of the speaker was to threaten the ascertained group of people, viz., the members of the police force in Malabar and particularly in Badagara, I do not think that the criticisms levelled against the judgment of the lower appellate Court can be sustained. The conviction of the accused is therefore right. In the circumstances of the case the sentence is excessive, especially since the petitioner has been directed to execute a security bond under section 106 of the Criminal Procedure Code. In the case mentioned above Rajamannar, J., reduced the sentence of six months’ rigorous imprisonment to a term of rigorous imprisonment for two months, for having delivered a speech which in many respects was similar to that delivered by the petitioner. I would therefore reduce the sentence passed on the petitioner to a period of two months’ rigorous imprisonment. In the case mentioned above Rajamannar, J., reduced the sentence of six months’ rigorous imprisonment to a term of rigorous imprisonment for two months, for having delivered a speech which in many respects was similar to that delivered by the petitioner. I would therefore reduce the sentence passed on the petitioner to a period of two months’ rigorous imprisonment. The order directing the petitioner to execute a security bond under section 106 of the Criminal Procedure Code will remain. With this modification the petition is dismissed. Petition dismissed. Sentence reduced.