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1950 DIGILAW 14 (BOM)

Laduram Hajarimal v. Ramrao Jankiram Kadam

1950-02-10

CHAGLA, DIXIT, GAJENDRAGADKAR

body1950
Judgement CHAGLA, C.J.- The question referred to this Full Bench is whether when at a sale of land held under S. 155, Bombay Land Revenue Code, the land is purchased by Government on a nominal bid, that sale is, therefore, void or is voidable. 2. The two appellants are purchasers from Government, who having purchased lands of a defaulter in payment of Abkari dues at a nominal bid of Rs. 1, sold these lands to the appellants, and the Bale is being challenged by the defaulter as being void. The plaintiff in the suit was au Abkari contractor and be failed to pay the Government dues amounting to about Rs. 9,000. Under R. 34, Abkari Act, all dues anther the Act can be recovered by the Government as if they were arrears of land revenue. The mode of recovery under the Land Revenue Cede is laid down in S. 150, and under S. 155, the Collector is given the right of selling the property of the defaulter. The rules framed under S. 214, Land Revenue Code deal with the sales to be held under S. 155, and R. 129 provides. "Where any land or other property is sold by public auction, an upset price shall, if the Collector thinks fit, be placed thereon," And R. 129 provides : "Every sale by auction under these rules, or in pursuance of any of the provisions of the Code, shall be conducted, so far as may be, in accordance with Ss. 165, 166, 170 to 177 both inclusive and 180." And when we turn to these sections, we find that S. 165 deals with a proclamation; R. 167 provides that Bales shall be made by auction by such persons as the Collector may direct; S. 172 deals with the deposit that is to be made by the bidder at the auction; S. 178 deals with the mode of setting aside the sale for material irregularity, or mistake, or fraud; and S. 179 deals with the confirmation of the sale if no application has been made to set aside the sale or the application has been dismissed and also if the Collector does not think that that particular sale ought to be set aside. 3. 3. Now, in this case, a notice was given by Government to the defaulter on 5th August 1938, that the Government would recover the amount by an auction sale on a nominal bid, and he was further told that he should be present and arrange to bid at the auction sale or to bring the money, i.e., the amount due by him. On the same day the proclamation was issued and the proclamation also states that if the amount due to Government is not obtained, all the property of the defaulter as a last resort shall be sold on a nominal bid of Rs. 1. The auction sale was held on 21st September 1938, and as no bidders were forthcoming, the lands were purchased by Government for Rs. 1. It is this sale that is being challenged by the defaulter as being a nullity, and in support of his contention be relies on a decision of a Division Bench of this Court reported in Tumbu Dhansing v. Province of Bombay, 48 Bom LR 209 : (AIR (34) 1947 Bom 408). There also, lands belonging to the defaulter were sold, they were purchased at Rs. 1, and the Court came to the conclusion that the Bale was a nullity. There are two important distinguishing features between the facts found in that case and the facts as found in the case before us. In that case there was a reserve bid fixed and the selling of the property at Re. 1 was in total disregard of the reserve bid; and the second distinguishing feature was that in that case no notice was given to the defaulter that Government proposed to sell his land at a bid of Re. 1. The question that we have to consider here is whether, although Government gave notice to the defaulter that his property was liable to be fold at Re. 1 and although? no reserve bid was fixed by the Collector as be was not bound to do, the mere fact that Government purchased the property at Re. 1 made the sale a nullity. We have no been referred to any provision of the law which precludes Government from purchasing the property of the defaulter. But the Advocate General concedes that if Government wished to purchase his property and to purchase at small a price as Re. 1 made the sale a nullity. We have no been referred to any provision of the law which precludes Government from purchasing the property of the defaulter. But the Advocate General concedes that if Government wished to purchase his property and to purchase at small a price as Re. 1, it would be incumbent upon Government to give notice to the defaulter of their intention to do so, and the Advocate General also concedes that the Government could only do to provided no reserve bid was fixed by the Collector. If a reserve bid was fixed, then the Government could not purchase the property at any price less than the reserve bid. Under these circumstances, it is difficult for us to understand how we can say that the sale in this particular case was a nullity. The matter was referred to the Full Bench by Weston and Shah, JJ. because they felt a doubt as to whether Tumlu Dhwnsingh v. Province of Bombay, (49 Bom LR 209 : AIR (34) 1947 Bom 403), was rightly decided. In our opinion, it is unnecessary to consider that question because we are upholding the sale in this case on grounds which are entirely different from the grounds which obtained in the case before Sir Leonard Stone and Divatia, J. and which led that Bench to come to the conclusion that the gale was a nullity. 4. But while upholding the sale in this case, we should like to point out to Government that the practice followed by them is by no means fair or equitable. We appreciate the position of Government that when bidders are not forthcoming they have to realise their dues and they have to sell the property. But we do not understand why the Government are obliged to offer a price which is wholly unreasonable and which is in no way commensurate with the real value of the property. Government ought to know what is fair and reasonable price of the property which they are purchasing and there is no reason why they should not offer at the auction a reasonable price. The importance of this will be apparent from the point of view of the defaulter because the only credit that the defaulter gets is Re. 1 which is realised at the sale. The importance of this will be apparent from the point of view of the defaulter because the only credit that the defaulter gets is Re. 1 which is realised at the sale. Government may sell that land to someone else, as they have done in this case, they may realise a fairly large amount, and yet no credit is given to the defaulter in respect of that amount realised by Government. Therefore, Government are really taking to themselves the rights which are even higher than in a case of forfeiture where under S. 153, Land Revenue Code if a land is forfeited and then sold by the Collector, the sale proceeds are to be credited to the defaulter. Therefore, Government without forfeiting the land, yet do not give credit to the defaulter when they sell his and recover the sale proceeds of that land. In this very case there was a sale prior to the sale we are considering in this matter, there was a subsequent sale and three different lots of the defaulter were sold, and yet as far as the defaulter is concerned the only credit he has gotta Rs. 3 and his liability to the Government continues unimpaired. Whatever the law may be, it strikes us that on the face of it this procedure followed by Government is extremely inequitable. 5. In this view of the case it is unnecessary to consider whether a sale which is made without intimation being given to the defaulter on which is in disregard of a reserve bid, is void or voidable. Therefore, the only answer we propose to give to the question referred to this Full Bench is that the sale in the particular case we are dealing with is a good sale.