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1952 DIGILAW 238 (MAD)

Mamidi Harihararayulu v. Annavarapu Bangarayya

1952-08-29

RAMASWAMI GOUNDER

body1952
Order.- This Civil Miscellaneous Appeal has been placed on the list, subject to the question of the maintainability of the same being decided. The facts are: Annavarapu Bangarayya, the decree-holder in O.S. No. 115 of 1937, on the file of the District Munsif’s Court, Masulipatam, filed an application, dated 21st February, 1951, under sections 476 and 195, Criminal Procedure Code, in the Court of the District Judge of Krishna praying that the Court may be pleased to sanction and launch prosecution proceedings against the respondents Mamidi Harihararayulu, Dora Krishnarao and Kosaraju Venkateswara Rao, who had obstructed the amin of the District Court while he was discharging his duties in effecting the attachment of certain moveables of the Judgment-debtor Mamidi Harihararayulu in E.P. No. 316 of 1949, in O.S. No. 115 of 1937. The District Judge had before him the report of the amin and the connected papers. Notice was given to the respondents and the learned Judge heard arguments of the vakils for the petitioner and the arguments of the three advocates for the three respondents. Then he passed the following order: "In view of the amin’s report dated 14th December, 1950, which discloses offences under Sections 183 and 186, Indian Penal Code, among others, the Central Nazir of this Court is directed to make a complaint against the respondents in respect of the said offences before a Magistrate. I make no order as to costs." This order was passed on 1st November, 1951. Thereupon the learned advocate for the defeated respondents in the lower Court purported to file a proceeding, which has originally been typed as a memorandum of criminal appeal and which has been subsequently corrected into a Civil Miscellaneous Appeal falling under section 476-B, Criminal Procedure Code. The High Court office returned the memorandum on the following ground: "Section 476 applies only to offences under section 195(b). Sections 183 and 186 fall under section 195(a). Hence the proceedings in the lower Court could not have been taken under section 476. The High Court office returned the memorandum on the following ground: "Section 476 applies only to offences under section 195(b). Sections 183 and 186 fall under section 195(a). Hence the proceedings in the lower Court could not have been taken under section 476. It may be stated how C.M.A. lies under section 476-B," Thereupon the learned advocate re-presented it with the following endorsement: "The C. M. A. is filed as civil miscellaneous appeal under rule 37, Criminal Rules of Practice, and section 476-B, Criminal Procedure Code, which applies to orders passed by the lower Court under section 476, Criminal Procedure Code, and section 195, Criminal Procedure Code." There can be no doubt that this endorsement of the learned advocate is based on a profound misreading and, if I may say without meaning any offence, non-reading of sections 476 and 476-B, Criminal Procedure Code and rule 37 of the Criminal Rules of Practice. Section 476-B, Criminal Procedure Code, gives a right of appeal against the orders passed under section 476 and 476-A directing the filing of a complaint or refusing to make a complaint: see Wajid Ali v. Emperor1, Mahabaleswarappa v. Gopalaswami Mudaliar2. The right of appeal is restricted to complaints in respect of offences mentioned in clauses (b) and (c) of section 195(1) of the Code and no appeal lies in respects of offence mentioned in clause (a) of that sub-section: see Maruda Pillai v. Narayanaswami Pillai3, Bajirung v. Durga Prasad4, Brijendranath v. Emperor5 and P.J.Money v. Emperor6. Before the amendment of 1923 it was held that where a public servant acted judicially as a Court and passed an order sanctioning prosecution for an offence referred to in clause (a) of section 195, he must, for the purpose of appeal be taken to have acted as a Court, the forum of appeal being governed by the provisions of sub-section (7), now sub-section(3), but that if he should be taken to have acted not as a Court, but in his executive capacity, the forum of appeal was not governed by sub-section(7): see Nataraja Pillai v. Rangaswami Pillai7. Since the amendment of the Code in 1923, an appeal lies only against a complaint preferred by a Court under section 476, in respect of offences falling within clause (b) and clause (c) of section 195; vide Rameshwarlal v. Emperor8. Since the amendment of the Code in 1923, an appeal lies only against a complaint preferred by a Court under section 476, in respect of offences falling within clause (b) and clause (c) of section 195; vide Rameshwarlal v. Emperor8. Where a public servant, whether he is a Court or not, files a complaint in respect of an offence falling under clause (a) of section 195 there is no appeal; vide Brijendranath v. Emperor5. But sub-section(5) newly added enables the authority to which such public servant is subordinate, to withdraw the complaint. Thus, it has been held that a Sub-Divisional Magistrate acting under clause (a) of sub-section (1) is subordinate to the District Magistrate, the authority to which he is subordinate under section 17 of the Criminal Procedure Code, and an application for withdrawal of complaint should be made to him and not to the Court of session to which appeals ordinarily lie from his decisions as a Court or to the High Court; see Maini Misser v. King-Emperor9, Naguservai, In re10 and Emperor v. Ramjanam11. It has further been held that the High Court as being the authority to which a District Judge or an Additional Sessions Judge is subordinate within the meaning of this sub-section, is competent to withdraw a complaint filed by the latter as a public servant; vide Brijendranatk v. Emperor5 and Chidilal v. Emperor12. In other words, there is no appeal in this case but there can only be a resort to sub-section (5) to section 195 newly added and this can only be by way of revision. Thus, where a Subordinate Judge declined to make a complaint under sub-section (1) clause (a) of section 195 in respect of an offence under section 186, Indian Penal Code, alleged to have been committed against the peon of the Court while executing a process of the Court, the High Court interfered in revision and set aside the order of the Subordinate Judge directing him to dispose of the matter after taking into consideration the observations of the High Court; vide Rajashahi Banking and Trading Corporation, Ltd. v. Surendranath1. It is unnecessary to consider here whether a revision lies against the withdrawal of a complaint under sub-section (5) and the High Courts of Allahabad and Patna and the Judicial Commissioner’s Court of Peshawar have held that a withdrawal of a complaint under sub-section (5) is an administrative or executive act and hence not open to revision by the High Court. On the other hand, the High Court of Madras has held in a case where a District Magistrate summarily rejected an application under this sub-section for the withdrawal of a complaint preferred by the Joint Magistrate without giving notice or hearing the applicant, that the application was by way of a judicial revision, and the order was open to revision under section 439, Criminal Procedure Code, vide Nagu Servai, In re2. It has also been held by the same High Court that where a Joint Magistrate has passed an order withdrawing a complaint, the order of the District Magistrate in revision setting aside that order is passed as a Court and is open to revision by the High Court. P.S.Vijayaranga Reddiar v. S.V.Muthuswami Reddiar3. The order of the Joint Magistrate directing the withdrawal of the complaint is not, however, an order of discharge and consequently it will not be open to the District Magistrate under section 436 to himself set it aside (Ibid.). Therefore, this proceeding can be filed under the newly added sub-section (5) only as a revision and not as a civil miscellaneous appeal. The reference to rule 37 of the Criminal Rules of Practice is meaningless in this connection. That rule merely states: "Every application made to a criminal Court under the provisions of the section 476, 476-A or 485,Criminal Procedure Code, and every appeal filed against an order made under the above sections or filed in a Court of Session against an order of a Court of Small Causes in the mofassal under section 480, Criminal Procedure Code, shall be registered as a criminal miscellaneous petition and a criminal appeal respectively. Such applications and appeals when filed in a civil Court will be registered as civil miscellaneous petitions and civil miscellaneous appeals. This rule applies to revision petitions also." That this rule which prescribes a different procedure in case of appeals filed under section 476-B, Criminal Procedure Code, is not in consonance with procedure has been indicated in Raja Gupta, In re4. This rule applies to revision petitions also." That this rule which prescribes a different procedure in case of appeals filed under section 476-B, Criminal Procedure Code, is not in consonance with procedure has been indicated in Raja Gupta, In re4. See also Janardhan Rao v. Lakshminarasamma5. Therefore, even assuming that this is a revision petition, the final point to be decided is whether stay should be granted and for doing so there is not the slightest warrant because when our interference is by way of revision, the limitations incidental to interference in revisions automatically apply. The facts of this case show that when the amin of the Civil Court was executing the warrant of attchment in execution of a decree, he had been resisted and assaulted by the judgment-debtors and therefore there is a good prima facie case for making the complaint. The procedure followed is correct, viz., the District Judge has been moved in his capacity as a public servant to whom the amin is subordinate to make a complaint. The learned District Judge has given an opportunity to both sides and examined the matter and arrived at his conclusion. Therefore there are no grounds to hold that a case has been made out for granting stay. The petition for stay is dismissed and the petition for vacating the order of stay is allowed and, in both cases, without costs because it has been held by Lakshmana Rao, J., that in an application of quasi-criminal character costs should not be allowed. K.C. ----- Petitions dismissed. furnished by the consignor is correct. The learned District Munsiff came to the conclusion that at the time the goods were accepted for transit at Madura, there is no evidence to show that they were weighed or that the weight of 15 maunds and 30 seers was the correct weight. I am therefore of the opinion that no interference is called for in revision and this civil revision petition is dismissed but in the circumstances without costs. K.S. ----- Petition dismissed.