N. M. Rayulu Iyer Nagaswami Iyer and Company through one of its Partners N. M. R. Venkatakrishna Iyer v. Chockanarayanan Chettiar
1953-03-30
BASHEER AHMED SAYEED, GOVINDA MENON
body1953
DigiLaw.ai
Govinda Menon, J.- In our opinion this appeal has to be allowed and E.P. No.88 of 1947 remanded to the Subordinate Judge of Sivaganga for disposal on the merits. The learned Subordinate Judge has held that the execution is barred on the ground that more than twelve years have elapsed from 14th August, 1934, when this Court allowed A.S.No.406 of 1930, and such being the case E.P.No.88 of 1947 is barred under section 48 of the Civil Procedure Code. What happened was that for the restitution of costs realised by a decree-holder in O.S.No.114 of 1925 on the file of the Sub-Court, Madura, one Sathayappa Chettiar executed a security bond in favour of the Court. In that security bond Sathayappa Chettiar stated that himself personally and the joint family properties belonging to him and his two sons would be made liable in case the decision in A.S.No.406 of 1930 went against the persons on whose behalf the security bond was executed. On 14th August, 1934, this Court in A.S.No.406 of 1930 allowed the appeal and thereby made the security bond enforceable. Thereafter by E.A. No.750 of 1934 the plaintiff-decree-holder who is the appellant in this appeal tried to enforce that security bond. To that application he impleaded as 1st respondent, one minor Shanmugham Chettiar through guardian Shanmugham Chettiar, and the 2nd, 3rd and 4th respondents respectively, Sathayappa Chettiar, the executant of this security bond and his two sons, Arumugham Chettiar and minor Sokkanarayanan. Arumugham Chettiar was a major and Sokkanarayanan was admittedly a minor at that time. On the 24th October, 1938, the Subordinate Judge of Madura found that the security bond can be enforced in execution, and decreed that the respondents 1 to 4 in that application of whom respondents 2 to 4 are the persons with whom we are now concerned should pay the principal amount of Rs.2,253-3-1 to the plaintiff-petitioner with interest that is provided in the security bond. That is by means of this order the agreement of the undertaking given in the security bond was made enforceable as if a decree had been passed thereupon. Against that order Arumugham Chettiar, filed an appeal to this Court, C.M.A.No.364 of 1939, in which the only respondent was the plaintiff-petitioner Rayalu Iyer Nagaswami Iyer and Company. The father Sathayappa Chettiar and the minor Sokkanarayanan Chettiar were not made parties to that appeal.
Against that order Arumugham Chettiar, filed an appeal to this Court, C.M.A.No.364 of 1939, in which the only respondent was the plaintiff-petitioner Rayalu Iyer Nagaswami Iyer and Company. The father Sathayappa Chettiar and the minor Sokkanarayanan Chettiar were not made parties to that appeal. On the 2nd April, 1941, this Court consisting of Wadsworth and Patanjali Sastri, JJ., allowed the appeal of Arumugham Chettiar and set aside the order of the lower Court directing that the joint family properties of Sathayappa Chettiar and his two sons can be proceeded against, and held that such an order would not be binding on the share of Arumugham Chettiar or on him personally. But in their order the learned Judges have held as follows: “In this view it is unnecessary to go into the other questions that have been argued before us. We wish only to add that this decision will govern only the parties now before us and is not intended to affect the rights of the respondent as against the other parties to the proceeding in the Court below.” Though Sathayappa Chettiar and Sokkanarayanan were not made parties to that appeal, still the decision arrived at by the Subordinate Judge in E.A.No.750 of 1934 as against Sathayappa Chettiar and minor Sokkanarayanan was confirmed. Now the question is what is the period of limitation for the execution of the undertaking given in the security bond. The learned Subordinate Judge in the Court below is of opinion that since the decree of this Court in A.S.No.406 of 1930 was passed on 14th August, 1934, that date should be considered as the starting point of limitation from which the period will run for the enforceability of the security bond. But the learned Subordinate Judge forgets the fact that it is not any right obtained by the decree in O.S.No.114 of 1925 or its appeal A.S.No.406 of 1930 that is now sought for by the plaintiff. What the plaintiff seeks is to enforce the security bond, the enforcement of which became effective only as a result of the Subordinate Judge deciding that it can be enforced as such without a fresh suit This Court held as against Arumugham Chettiar that the security bond cannot be enforced in execution.
What the plaintiff seeks is to enforce the security bond, the enforcement of which became effective only as a result of the Subordinate Judge deciding that it can be enforced as such without a fresh suit This Court held as against Arumugham Chettiar that the security bond cannot be enforced in execution. But this court confirmed the decision of the Subordinate Judge regarding the enforceability of the security bond against Sathayappa Chettiar and his minor son Sokkanarayanan Chettiar and that order was made on the 24th October, 1938. More than twelve years have not elapsed since that date when E.P.No.88 of 1947 was filed. Therefore in our opinion section 48 of the Civil Procedure Code will not be a bar against the enforceability of the security bond. The cause of action for enforcing that arose in favour of the plaintiff only by the order of the Subordinate Judge, dated 24th October, 1938. Therefore the learned Subordinate Judge is in error in thinking that the terminus a quo started from 14th August, 1934, the date of decision in A.S.No.406 of 1930 when this court reversed the decision of the lower Court in O.S.No.114 of 1925. We are therefore of opinion that the execution petition is not barred by limitation. The next point decided against the appellant by the lower Court is that when E.P.No.88 of 1947 was filed by the plaintiff-petitioner for execution of the security bond, Sokkanarayanan Chettiar, the contesting respondent, was a major and therefore the proceedings taken with regard to the sale of properties consequent upon the orders in E.P.No.88 of 1947 would not be binding on him and such being the case no property could be sold in execution. The learned Judge did not rely upon any decision in support of the view taken by him, but he was of opinion that at the time when the orders in execution were made in E.P.No.88 of 1947 Sokkanarayanan had become a major and such orders should be treated as null and void so far as he is concerned, and would not have any legal effect.
It is settled law in this court by a long line of cases that if at the inception of a certain proceeding or at the time a suit is instituted a party is a minor represented by a guardian but during the course of the proceeding or the suit he becomes a major and a decree is passed on the footing that he was only a minor such a proceeding would be binding on the erstwhile minor if he had not been declared a major at the time of the decree or a final order. The decisions in support of this proposition are Sanyasi v. Lakshmanan Nayudu1, Sundaramma Reddi v. Pattabhirama Reddi2, Venkata Someswara Rao v. Lakshmanaswami3, Murugappa Mudaliar v. Desappa Nayanimvaru4. As against these decisions Mr.K.S. Ramabhadra Ayyar for the respondent Sokkanarayanan invites our attention to a decision in Tanguturi Jagannadhan v. Seshagiri Rao5, where the learned Judges reviewing the decision reported in Seshagiri Rao v. Hanumantha Rao6, came to the conclusion that the proceedings therein would not be binding on the erstwhile minor. This case, namely Tanguturi Jagannadhan v. Seshagiri Rao5, came up for consideration in the latest case Murugappa Mudaliar v. Desappa Nayanimvaru4. The learned Chief Justice in delivering the judgment adverted to this decision at page 4 and observed as follows: "Learned counsel for the contesting respondents was unable to point out any such specific provision in the Code. He relied on the ruling in Jagannadhan v. Seshagiri Rao1,in support of his contention that a sale held without notice to one of the judgment-debtors who was a major but who had been wrongly described as a minor was liable to be set aside at the instance of that judgment-debtor. In that case the judgment-debtor was wrongly treated as a minor through the execution proceedings from their very commencement. Actually he had attained majority even before the decree though he was a minor at the time of the institution of the suit. That was not a case in which a judgment-debtor was a minor at the time of the commencement of the execution proceedings but had attained majority during the continuance of such proceedings. That case can be likened to a suit against a major described wrongly as a minor. Strictly speaking such a person cannot be deemed in law to have been a party at all to the suit.
That case can be likened to a suit against a major described wrongly as a minor. Strictly speaking such a person cannot be deemed in law to have been a party at all to the suit. On the same analogy, if a person who was a major at the time of the commencement of the execution proceedings, was throughout the proceedings wrongly described as a minor and notice never went to him as a major, the result would be that the entire proceedings were without notice to him. A sale held in the course of such execution proceedings certainly cannot bind him. That, however, is not the case here. Now in our opinion these observations of the learned Chief Justice apply appositely to the present case. At the time the security bond was declared as executable against Sathayappa Chettiar and Sokkanarayanan by the Subordinate Judge 24th October, 1938, admittedly Sokkanarayanan was a minor. There is no dispute about that. Later on it is seen that E.P.No.87 of 1947 was filed for the relief of enforcing the security bond. That for some reason or other became infructuous. Another petition E.P.No.13 of 1944 was also filed. At the time all these proceedings took place Sokkanarayanan was admittedly a minor. Therefore at the commencement of the execution proceedings Sokkanarayanan was a minor and when E.P.No.88 of 1947, which was only a continuation of the earlier proceedings, was inaugurated, even if Sokkanarayanan had become a major by that time, it should be taken that such proceedings cannot be declared null and void at the very inception. Applying the observations of the learned Chief Justice in Murugappa Mudaliar v. Desappa Nayanimvaru2, to this case, if on 24th October, 1938, Sokkanarayanan had become a major, but had been proceeded against as a minor, then probably the decision in Jagannadhan v. Seshagiri Rao1 will apply. We are therefore of the opinion following the long course of decisions of this Court that the proceedings up to the time at which Sokkanarayanan came to file the application for postponing the sale are binding on him unless he can by separate proceedings say that there was fraud practised upon him. It seems to us therefore that the learned Subordinate Judge was wrong in this also.
It seems to us therefore that the learned Subordinate Judge was wrong in this also. Another way of looking at the question is that on a previous occasion in the same E.P.No.88 of 1947, on 8th April, 1948, the same Subordinate Judge who has now held that the execution cannot proceed against Sokkanarayanan has negatived his contention and held that the execution can be proceeded against him. This order must, in the natural course of events, be binding on Sokkanarayanan, as res judicata, in execution proceedings. For this purpose if authority is required we may refer to the reasoning in Vyravan Chettiar v. R.M.R. Nagaswami Ayyar3.For all these reasons we cannot subscribe to the view put forward by the learned Subordinate Judge that the petition is barred by limitation. We therefore set aside the order of the Subordinate Judge and remand the application to the lower Court for disposal on the merits. The appellant will be entitled to the costs of this appeal. V.P.S. ----- Order set aside and application remanded.