M. L. R. M. Lakshmanan Chettiar v. P. L. S. P. alias Sm. P. L. Malayandi Chettiar
1953-03-31
BASHEER AHMED SAYEED, GOVINDA MENON
body1953
DigiLaw.ai
Judgment.- In O.S.No.1 of 1935 on the file of the Subordinate Judge of Devakotai a decree was passed in favour of the plaintiffs for a sum of Rs.30,263-3-0 with interest and proportionate costs. There was a further provision that the plaintiffs do execute a registered release deed in accordance with an agreement marked in the case as Exhibit-A and that the decree be executed only after the execution of the release deed. The result of this provision was that the plaintiffs did not have the unrestricted right of executing the decree before complying with the provisions for execution of the release deed. The present appellants are the legal representatives of the first plaintiff whose application for executing the decree has been dismissed on the ground of bar of limitation. A few dates have to be mentioned in order to correctly understand the relevancy of the legal arguments. The trial Court passed the decree on the 24th August, 1937, and on appeal therefrom the original decree was confirmed on 17th April, 1941. Thereafter E.P.No.318 of 1941 was filed by the attachment of movable properties. This application was resisted by the judgment-debtors on the ground that the decree-holders had not complied with the provision regarding the execution of the release deed and that therefore the decree could not be executed. The learned Subordinate Judge enquired into the matter and overruled the objection on 10th July, 1942, giving it as his reason that the release deed filed in Court was valid and directed the attachment of the movable properties. But the warrant could not be executed as it was impossible to find any movable properties which could be attached. The result was that the petition was dismissed on 31st July, 1942. But against the order, dated 10th July, 1942, overruling the contention regarding the executability of the decree the judgment-debtors filed C.M.A.No.329 of 1942 and obtained stay of execution which was later on dissolved. C.M.A.No.329 of 1942 came up for final disposal on 13th July, 1943 and was dismissed with a reservation that the question regarding the validity or otherwise of the release deed filed by the decree-holders was left open. On 5th July, 1946, E.P.No.120 of 1946 was filed by the decree-holders again tor execution but as it was found that the 1st defendant died, it was dismissed on 17th August, 1946.
On 5th July, 1946, E.P.No.120 of 1946 was filed by the decree-holders again tor execution but as it was found that the 1st defendant died, it was dismissed on 17th August, 1946. Thereafter E.P.No.8 of 1947 was filed on 7th November, 1946, for execution of the decree out of which this appeal has arisen. On the objection raised by the judgment-debtors that the execution of the decree has become barred because more than three years had elapsed from 10th July, 1942, when E.P.No. 120 of 1946 was filed on 5th July, 1946, the learned Subordinate Judge accepted their contention and held that the execution petition was barred by limitation. He also found that the decree-holders have complied with the provision regarding the execution of the release deed and that therefore the release deed put into Court with E.P.No.318 of 1941 was a proper one. E.P.No.120 of 1946 was filed within three years of the date, viz., 13th July, 1943 when the High Court confirmed the order of the Subordinate Judge in E.P. No.318 of 1941, dated 10th July, 1942. If the period of limitation is computed from the date of the appellate order then E.P.No.120 of 1946 is in time. If on the other hand the period has to be computed from the date of the order of the Subordinate Judge, viz., 10th July, 1942, then E.P.No.120 of 1946 was clearly out of time and the subsequent E.P.No.8 of 1947 was also barred by limitation. What is contended on behalf of the judgment-debtors is that the confirmation by the High Court on 13th July, 1943, of the order of the Subordinate Judge, dated 10th July, 1942, cannot be said to be a final order passed on an application by the decree-holder which was a step-in-aid of the execution as contemplated in clause 5 of the third column of Article 182 of the Limitation Act. The phrase “the final order passed on an application made was introduced for the first time by Act IX of 1927 and what we have to see is, what is meant by the words”final order.“It is conceded that E.P.No.318 of 1941 was an application in accordance with law to the proper Court for the execution of the decree or to take some step-in-aid of the execution of the decree.
The point put forward on behalf of the judgment-debtors is that since C.M.A.No.329 of 1942, was filed by them, the disposal of it on 13th July, 1943, cannot be said to be a final order passed on an application by the decree-holder for the execution of the decree or to take some step-in-aid of execution of the decree. According to their argument the final order was passed on 10th July, 1942, when the executing Court overruled the contention of the judgment-debtors and directed attachment of movable properties. Thereafter there was no impediment to the execution of the decree at the instance of the decree-holders and the period of limitation should be computed from that date. It is conceded also that if the decree-holders had preferred an appeal to the High Court as a result of the dismissal of their application by the executing Court then the final order passed on the decree-holders’ appeal would be a final order as contemplated in clause 5 in the third column to Article 182 of the Limitation Act. But since the appeal to the High Court was at the instance of the judgment-debtors, it is not possible to invoke that provision at all. Before the learned Subordinate Judge the decree-holders cited the decision of the Privy Council in Annamalai Chettiar v. Valliammai Achi1, but the learned Judge distinguished the same on the ground that the final order in that case was passed on an appeal preferred by the decree-holder therein and not at the instance of the judgment-debtor as is the case before us, and that therefore in that case the requisites of the phrase” final order passed on an application made “have been complied with. Their Lordships held that an appeal to a superior Court to set aside an order of a Subordinate Judge raising an attachment ordered earlier is an application according to law to take a step-in-aid of the execution of the decree. It is also an application to the proper Court for, when an application for execution is dismissed by the lower Court, the appellate Court is the proper and indeed the only Court which can then execute the decree. The decision of this Court reported in Annamalai Chettiar v. Valliammai Achi2, was reversed by the Judicial Committee.
It is also an application to the proper Court for, when an application for execution is dismissed by the lower Court, the appellate Court is the proper and indeed the only Court which can then execute the decree. The decision of this Court reported in Annamalai Chettiar v. Valliammai Achi2, was reversed by the Judicial Committee. At page 227 the following pertinent observations occur: ”Execution petition No.418 of 1934 was an application made according to law for execution of the decree and it was finally disposed of by the order of the Court of Appeal made on the 27th September, 1938, which brings the case within the first branch. Further the application to the Court of Appeal of the 3rd December, 1336, to set aside the order of the Subordinate Court raising the attachment was an application according to law to take a step-in-aid of the execution of the decree". We do not think that the distinction made by the learned Judge in the Court below is a proper one. There can be no dispute whatever that an appeal is a continuation of the proceedings in the original Court and the moment an appeal has been lodged and entertained by a superior Court, the finality attached to the decision of the Subordinate Judge is thereafter set at large and the decision in the proceedings is the ultimate and final conclusion arrived at by the appellate Court. It should therefore be taken that the overruling of the objection regarding the executability of the decree by the Subordinate Judge on 10th July, 1942, was only an intermediary order and not one which finally terminated the proceedings, because the intermediary order against the judgment-debtors was taken in appeal to the High Court and a final order was passed by the High Court only on 13th July, 1943. In our opinion it does not matter as to who figured as the appellant before the superior Court because whosoever invoked the superior forum it is only the final result that matters and not the party at whose instance the Court’s powers were invoked.
In our opinion it does not matter as to who figured as the appellant before the superior Court because whosoever invoked the superior forum it is only the final result that matters and not the party at whose instance the Court’s powers were invoked. We have no doubt whatever that when once it is granted that E.P.No.318 of 1941 is an application made by a decree-holder to the proper Court for the execution of the decree or for taking some step-in-aid of the execution of the decree, then the final order in that case can only be the ultimate decision passed by the High Court on 13th July, 1943, and not the intermediate stages through which that petition passed and the orders passed during the intervening stages. No direct authority has been cited before us in support of the appellant’s contention but in our opinion it does not matter because observations in text books as well as the principle deducible from decided cases support the view that the final order can only be that passed m appeal. In Mitra’s Law of Limitation and Prescription, seventh edition, Volume II, at page 1303, the learned author says as follows: "Final order. After the amendment of 1927 the result of the application for execution, namely, the final order passed on the application is the material point of time that is relevant for purposes of Article 182(5). The final Court of Appeal, where there has been an appeal, would be the final order for the purpose of Article 182(5)". As authority for this observation a decision of the Calcutta High Court in Gulam Mustafa v. Arifunnissa,1 and a decision of the Punjab High Court in Abhe Ram v. Bholar2are cited. In the Calcutta case, the learned Judges followed the observations in Abhe Ram v. Bholar2. But there the appeal was at the instance of the decree-holder and not at the instance of the judgment-debtor as in the present case. The Calcutta case decides the same principle as was laid down earlier by their Lordships of the Judicial Committee in Annamalai Chettiar v. Valliammai Achi3, though the Privy Council decision has not been referred to by the learned Judges Nasim Ali, A.C.J. and Hindley, J., of the Calcutta High Court.
The Calcutta case decides the same principle as was laid down earlier by their Lordships of the Judicial Committee in Annamalai Chettiar v. Valliammai Achi3, though the Privy Council decision has not been referred to by the learned Judges Nasim Ali, A.C.J. and Hindley, J., of the Calcutta High Court. The following observations of the learned Judges may be cited as useful: "The final order on the application for execution must be taken to have been made on the day when this Court finally disposed of the dispute between the decree-holder and the judgment-debtors as regards the amount recoverable under the decree". Mr.K. Parasurama Ayyar for the judgment-debtor cited Kristo Coomar Nag v. Mahabat Khan4, which according to the learned counsel supports his contention. It was held therein that where a judgment-debtor opposed an application for execution of a decree and that objection was overruled by the trial Court which ordered the execution of the decree and the judgment-debtor preferred an appeal Which was also dismissed, then in computing the period of limitation under Article 179 of the Limitation Act of 1877, the date of the dismissal by the trial Court should be taken to be the starting point and not the date when the appeal was dismissed by the appellate Court. But we have to remark in this connection that the provisions of the Article in the Act of 1877 were different from what they are now The expression final order passed on an application was not there. But what existed at that time was the following: “An application to the proper Court to take some step-in-aid of the execution” and the step-in-aid was then considered to be the application by the decree-holder to execute the decree in the trial Court. The learned Judges also held that the appeal by the judgment-debtor cannot be construed an application made to the proper Court for execution. But in view of the observations of the Judicial Committee in Annamalai Chettiar v. Valliammai Achi1, these observations have no force. The meaning of the expression “final order” did not fall to be considered in Kristo Coomar Nag v. Mahabat Khan2.
But in view of the observations of the Judicial Committee in Annamalai Chettiar v. Valliammai Achi1, these observations have no force. The meaning of the expression “final order” did not fall to be considered in Kristo Coomar Nag v. Mahabat Khan2. Decisions bearing on the meaning of the word “appeal” occurring in clause (3) of column 3 of Article 182 of the Limitation Act cannot be of help in understanding the meaning of the words “final order” in clause (5) of column 3 of Article 182 and therefore the recent Full Bench decision in Sivaramachari v. Anjaneya Chettiar3, where it was held that the appeal referred to in clause (2) of column 3 of Article 182 of the Limitation Act must be confined to an appeal against the decree in the suit and not extended to an appeal from any interlocutory order in the suit or an appeal in any collateral proceeding, cannot be of any assistance. There is no question here with regard to the applicability of clause (2) at all. It is conceded on all hands that clause (5) is the proper provision ,to be invoked in this ease. That being the case the Privy Council decision in Rameshwar Singh v. Homeshwar Singh4, can have no application. Venkatasubba Rao, J.‘s observations in Kesavuloo v. Official Receiver, West Tanjore5, that when an execution petition is returned for amendment there is no judicial dealing with the matter of the petition and therefore the order returning cannot show that a decision or a judgment is final when it ends the action or proceeding in the Court that makes it leaving nothing further to be determined or to be done by the Court except the administrative execution of the decision or the judgment as the case may be. Though the learned Judge did not have to deal with the decision of an appellate Court, still in our opinion the finality which was attached to a decision of the trial Court had there not been any appeal has been set at large by the appeal in the present case. It seems to us therefore that E.P.No.8 of 1947 which was filed within three years of E. P. No.120 of 1946 which itself was within three years of the final order in C.M.A. No.329 of 1942, viz., 13th July, 1943, is in time.
It seems to us therefore that E.P.No.8 of 1947 which was filed within three years of E. P. No.120 of 1946 which itself was within three years of the final order in C.M.A. No.329 of 1942, viz., 13th July, 1943, is in time. We confirm the order of the learned Judge that the release deed that was put into Court with E.P.No.318 of 1941 was a registered release deed in accordance with the agreement Ex. A and therefore the decree-holders have fulfilled the conditions set forth in the decree. The appeal is therefore allowed and the decision of the lower Court is set aside and E.P.No.8 of 1947 is remanded to the lower Court for disposal according to law. The appellants will be entitled to their costs in this Court. R.M. ----- Appeal allowed.