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1953 DIGILAW 179 (MAD)

Untitled judgment

1953-04-23

SOMASUNDARAM

body1953
Order.- This petition is by the accused who has been convicted for an offence under section 408, Indian Penal Code and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for one year and a fine of Rs. 200. The petitioner was a bill-collector in the Tiruchirapalli Municipality and as such he was charged with having collected taxes to the tune of Rs. 1,935-4-10 and having mispappropriated the same. He was charged under section 408, Indian Penal Code and convicted of that offence. There can be no doubt that the bill collector is, a public servant within the meaning of section 21 of the Indian Penal Code as is clear from section 358 of the District Municipalities Act. The Additional First Class Magistrate should undoubtedly have framed a charge under section 409, Indian Penal Code and convicted him. However, the fact that he framed charge for a lesser offence cannot be said to have caused prejudice to the accused as he only had the benefit of defending on minor offence. But the point that is taken before me by Mr. Sitarama Ayyar is that the petitioner being a public servant must have been charged only for an offence under section 5(1)(c) of Act II of 1947. This is an offence which is created by Act II of 1947 the object of it being to make more effective provision for prevention of bribery and corruption. No doubt section 5 of Act II of 1947 defined what misconduct by a public servant is and in that misconduct, in addition to the receipt of bribes, it is provided by clause (c) that by any dishonest or fraudulent misappropriation or otherwise conversion by a public servant for his own use of any property entrusted to him, he will be guilty of misconduct. The learned Counsel contends that this provision repeals pro tanto section 409, of the Indian Penal Code. He relies on a decision of the High Court of East Punjab reported in The State v. Gurcharan Singh1. The learned Counsel contends that this provision repeals pro tanto section 409, of the Indian Penal Code. He relies on a decision of the High Court of East Punjab reported in The State v. Gurcharan Singh1. At page 93 the learned Judges state as follows: “I would therefore adhere to my previous decision and hold again that as long as section 5 of Act II of 194.7 remains in force, the provisions of section 409, Penal Code so far as they concern offences by public servants are pro tanto repealed by section 5(1)(c) of Act II of 1947.” This judgment has been referred to and dissented from by Ramaswami, J. in Satyanarayanamurthi, In re2. With great respect to the learned Judges of the Punjab High Court I do not agree with the reasons given by them. I agree with Ramaswami, J. on this point. In my opinion no question of repeal of section 409, Indian Penal Code arises on account of the provisions of section 5(1)(c) of Act II of 1947. Ramaswami, J. in the above decision referred to, points out that under section 25 of the General Clauses Act, where an act or omission constitutes an offence under two or more enactments the offender is liable to be proscuted and punished under either or any of those enactments but shall not be liable to be punished twice for the same act or omission. Section 26 of the General Clauses Act really provides that where the same act falls within two or more sections of different enactments the offender can be prosecuted under either or any of these enactments; but he shall not be liable to be punished twice for the same act. This section of the General Clauses Act clearly shows that section 409, Indian Penal Code cannot be considered to have been repealed by section 5(1)(c) of Act II of 1947. Apart from this, as pointed out in Dholliah v. King Emperor3 when a complaint sets forth certain facts disclosing a minor offence and also a graver offence, the prosecution should ordinarily be for the graver offence. In this case, the offence under section 409, Indian Penal Code is punishable with transportation for life whereas an offence under section 5(1)(c) of Act II of 1947 is punishable only with seven years rigorous imprisonment, or with fine or with both. In this case, the offence under section 409, Indian Penal Code is punishable with transportation for life whereas an offence under section 5(1)(c) of Act II of 1947 is punishable only with seven years rigorous imprisonment, or with fine or with both. There is no doubt that the offence under section 409, Indian Penal Code is graver than the offence under section 5(1)(c) of Act II of 1947. The prosecution must therefore be for the graver offence under section 409, Indian Penal Code even though the facts disclosed fall within section 5 (1)(c) of Act II of 1947. In this view the conviction for an offence under section 408, Indian Penal Code is justified. The evidence does not disclose any circumstances which can be taken into consideration on the question of sentence. I see therefore no reason to interfere with the sentence either. The conviction and sentence are therefore confirmed and the petition is dismissed. R.M. ----- Petition dismissed.