Rajamannar, C.J.-These are two appeals under the Letters Patent against the Judgment of Viswanatha Sastri, J., in A.S.No.602 of 1946, which was an Appeal preferred against the decree and judgment of the Court of the Subordinate Judge of Cuddalore in O.S.No.36 of 1944. That was a suit for possession of properties which had belonged to the 1st respondent and which had been alienated by the 1st defendant acting as his guardian when the 1st respondent was a minor. The 1st respondent alleged that the alienations were not binding on him. The impugned alienations were four sales of which we are concerned in these appeals with two only, viz., those covered by sale deeds, Exhibits D-33 and D-1 dated 16th September, 1936 and 29th November, 1936 respectively. The properties in suit belonged to the joint family consisting of the plaintiff 1st respondent and his father, one Sundararajalu Naidu who died on 29th December, 1928. Sundararajalu Naidu is alleged to have left a will dated 29th December, 1928 appointing the 1st defendant a relation, as the guardian of his minor son, the 1st respondent, and his properties. The 1st defendant, it is common ground, managed the affairs of the 1st respondent during his minority. It was not disputed before us that the appointment of the 1st defendant as the testamentary guardian of the 1st respondent was not valid in law, and therefore the status of the 1st defendant was only that of a de facto guardian. Both the alienations with which we are concerned in these appeals can be traced to a debt which was admittedly due by Sundararajalu Naidu under a promissory note, Exhibit D-28 dated 4th February, 1926, executed by him and the 2nd defendant for a sum of Rs.4,200-2-3. This promissory note itself appears to have been in renewal of an earlier promissory note, but that is of no consequence. It was alleged, and it has been found, by both the trial Court and by the learned Judge on appeal, that in respect of this promissory note the 2nd defendant was only a surety and it was the father of the 1st respondent who was the principal debtor. After the father’s death, a promissory note was executed by defendants 1 and 2 on 17th October, 1930, Exhibit D-29, for discharge of the amount due under Exhibit D-28. After the father’s death, a promissory note was executed by defendants 1 and 2 on 17th October, 1930, Exhibit D-29, for discharge of the amount due under Exhibit D-28. In this promissory note, the 1st defendant is thus described:- “Rangaswami Naidu son of A.S.Veeraswami Nayudu, guardian of minor Srinivasulu alias Bhuvarahaswami Nayudu, son of late A.S. Sundararajalu Naidu.” There were several successive endorsement of this promissory note, till finally it was transferred to one Pankajammal. There were two payments in October, 1933 and March, 1934, which were acknowledged by the 1st and and defendants on the promissory note. On 20th March, 1935, defendants 1 and 2 executed a fresh promissory note in favour of the said Pankajamma for Rs.5,898-2-0 in discharge of the debt due under Exhibit D-29. This promissory note (Exhibit D-32) was in its turn endorsed to the 3rd defendant on 15th July, 1935. It purports to be executed by the minor represented by his guardian, the 1st defendant. The 1st defendant executed a sale deed, Exhibit D-33, on 16th September, 1936 in favour of the 3rd defendant, conveying some of the suit items for Rs.4000, the consideration going in partial discharge of the promissory note, Exhibit D-32. On 29th November, 1936, the 1st defendant conveyed certain other items in suit to the 2nd defendant himself (Exhibit D-1) for a sum of Rs.1500 which amount was paid by the 2nd defendant to the 3rd defendant, in partial discharge of Exhibit D-32. The 1st respondent impugned these two sale deeds as not binding on him. The learned Judge, who tried the suit, held that they were binding on the 1st Respondent and dismissed the suit in respect of these two alienations. The plaintiff appealed to this Court (A.S.No.602 of 1946). Viswanatha Sastri, J., allowed the appeal in respect of these two sale deeds, which he held were not binding on the plaintiff-respondent. L.P.A.No.15 of 1951 is by the 5th defendant, and L.P.A. No.26 of 1951 is by the 1st and 2nd defendants and relate to the two alienations respectively. On the facts set out above, there appears to us to be no doubts as to the law to be applied, because it has been authoritatively enunciated by the Federal Court in Sriramulu v.Pudarikakshayya1 . The facts of the case before the Federal Court are substantially similar to the facts in the case before us. On the facts set out above, there appears to us to be no doubts as to the law to be applied, because it has been authoritatively enunciated by the Federal Court in Sriramulu v.Pudarikakshayya1 . The facts of the case before the Federal Court are substantially similar to the facts in the case before us. There the plaintiff was the adopted son of one Chalamayya. When he was a minor, his estate was being managed by his adoptive mother. She, as the de jure guardian of the minor, executed on 23rd April, 1925 a promissory note in renewal of an earlier promissory note which had been executed by Chalamayya himself in 1923 to the defendant. On the same date, she also executed another promissory note to the defendant for the fees due to him for professional work done during the lifetime of Chalamayya. On 23rd April, 1928, she executed a consolidated promissory note in renewal of the two previous notes. She died in November 1928 and thereafter the plaintiff’s natural father China Seshayya, entered upon the management of the estate. He acted as the de facto guardian of the minor plaintiff. On 23rd June, 1931, Seshayya, professing to act as the guardian of the plaintiff, purported to renew the promissory note of 1928. On 2nd June, 1932, Seshayya conveyed immoveable properties belonging to the minor to the defendant in discharge of the debt due under the promissory note and a sum of Rs.4,596-9-6 paid to another creditor. The plaintiff, after attaining majority, instituted a suit in which he attacked the validity of this alienation. It was held both by this Court and by the Federal Court that a de facto guardian of a Hindu minor could not in law execute a promissory note in the name of the minor even in respect of a debt binding on the minor’s estate, and a sale by such a de facto guardian in discharge of such promissory note executed by him would not bind the minor. In the face of this decision Mr.Ramachandra Aiyar, learned counsel for the 5th defendant, appellant in L.P.A.No.15 of 1951, could not and did not, contend that the promissory note Exhibit D-32, was binding on the minor, nor that the sale to the 3rd defendant could be supported on the ground that it was in partial discharge of that promissory note. In the face of this decision Mr.Ramachandra Aiyar, learned counsel for the 5th defendant, appellant in L.P.A.No.15 of 1951, could not and did not, contend that the promissory note Exhibit D-32, was binding on the minor, nor that the sale to the 3rd defendant could be supported on the ground that it was in partial discharge of that promissory note. He, however, sought to sustain the validity of the sale on two grounds. The first ground was based on section 68 of the Contract Act which runs as follows:- “If a person incapable of entering into a contract, or any one whom he is legally bound to support is supplied by another person with necessaries suited to his condition in life, the person who has furnished such supplies is entitled to be reimbursed from the property of such incapable person.” His argument was that the term, “necessaries” in this section would include discharge of binding debts in the case of a Hindu minor. But assuming this is so, we fail to see how this section can in any way help the appellant to maintain the validity of the sale. No one here has advanced moneys to discharge any debt binding on the minor to entitle that person to be reimbursed from the property of the minor. Nor does the folio-wing passage from Trevelyan on the “Law relating to Minors”, 5th Edition, carry the matter any further:- “The circumstances that to meet the necessities of his ward the guardian has pledged his personal credit, does not disentitle him to charge or sell the ward’s property, but he can only charge or sell it for the purpose of paying money which the minor was under an obligation to pay.” We have found that the minor is not under an obligation to pay anything under the promissory note, Exhibit D-32, to discharge which the alienation was made. The decision in Maharana Shri Ranmal Singji v. Vadilal Vakhat Chand1, has no direct bearing on this case. There, a creditor sued to recover from the minor and his estate a sum advanced by him for the purpose of a pilgrimage undertaken by the minor’s mother and to defray the expenses of the minor himself. The learned Judges held that the debts were not contracted for necessary purposes, and could not be recovered from the minor’s estate. There, a creditor sued to recover from the minor and his estate a sum advanced by him for the purpose of a pilgrimage undertaken by the minor’s mother and to defray the expenses of the minor himself. The learned Judges held that the debts were not contracted for necessary purposes, and could not be recovered from the minor’s estate. The second ground was based on the principle of subrogation. Certain passages from the judgments of the learned Judges in the decision of the Federal Court were relied upon by Mr.Ramachandra Ayyar. Kania, C.J., observed (at page 591):- “In my opinion it is therefore right to hold that when a loan is taken for the purpose of necessity or benefit of the minor’s estate by a de facto manager, he cannot effect a transaction so as to exclude his own liability. So far as the creditor is concerned, this involves no hardship because he can proceed against the de facto manager and make the minor’s estate liable on the principle of subrogation.” Fazl Ali, J., said (at page 596):- “There may however be cases in which the minor’s needs have to be met and in such cases, the third principle enunciated by the Privy Council can come into play, that is to say, the manager or guardian can show that the estate ought to bear the burden which he had taken upon himself. In such cases, by the principle of subrogation the creditor might be allowed to stand in the shoes of the guardian and invoke the latter’s right to reimbursement out of the minor’s estate. The right might usually be subject to the state of accounts between the guardian and his ward.” Mukerjea, J., deals with this point at greater length than the other two learned Judges thus: (page 609):- “When the guardian himself is a party to the contract in his capacity as guardian, a suit can certainly be instituted against him and a decree obtained. But simply because the defendant is sued in his capacity as guardian, the estate of the ward cannot be proceeded against in execution of the decree obtained in such suit. In order to bind the minor’s estate, the minor must also be made a party to the suit property represented. But simply because the defendant is sued in his capacity as guardian, the estate of the ward cannot be proceeded against in execution of the decree obtained in such suit. In order to bind the minor’s estate, the minor must also be made a party to the suit property represented. Now on what basis can a decree be made in such a suit making the minor’s estate liable for the money borrowed by the guardian? The minor being incapable of being a party to a contract there could be no direct contractual liability established against him or his estate. But as the guardian was personally liable under the contract, he would be entitled to reimbursement from the minor’s estate under the rule of Hindu Law if the borrowing was for necessity or benefit of the minor. The creditor in such circumstances can invoke the equitable doctrine of subrogation in his favour and claim to be placed in the position of the guardian for enforcement of the latter’s right of reimbursement against the minor’s estate. Instead of there being two suits, one by the creditor against the guardian and the other by the guardian against the minor, both the reliefs may be worked out in one and the same suit and thereby multiplicity of litigation could be avoided. This is the only proper way in which the Hindu Law rights of the guardian in the matter of contractual debts for necessity or benefit of the minor could be given effect to in perfect consonance with the well established principles of law of contract and the ordinary rules of procedure in personal actions. The application of this rule would be just and equitable to the minor also. As the creditor stands only in the shoes of the guardian and can claim the rights of indemnity which the latter can assert against the minor’s property it would be open to the minor to show that the guardian himself was in default and would not be entitled to any indemnity if accounts were properly taken. As the creditor stands only in the shoes of the guardian and can claim the rights of indemnity which the latter can assert against the minor’s property it would be open to the minor to show that the guardian himself was in default and would not be entitled to any indemnity if accounts were properly taken. Again at page 610:- The position therefore is that in case of contractual debts borrowed either on simple bonds or promissory notes, the creditor can have recourse to the minor’s estate indirectly on the principle of subrogation, when the guardian has the right of indemnity against the estate of the ward ; and rap would have the right of direct re-imbursement out of the properties of the infant, only when the dew is for necessaries supplied to the infant.” In our opinion, there is no scope for the application of this principle of subrogation in this case. In the first place, there was no pleading raising this question. And as the learned Judge, Viswanatha Sastri, J., points out, there was no attempt to justify a claim based on the right of indemnity available to a de facto guardian. There was no evidence of the state of accounts as between the de facto guardian and the minor. Under Exhibit D-32 in partial discharge of which the sale deed, Exhibit D-33, was executed, the 1st defendant was not personally liable, and this position is accepted by Mr.Ramachandra Aiyar. He, therefore, fell back on the prior promissory note Exhibit D-29. But the learned counsel for the Appellant was unable to cite any decision in which the principle of subrogation has been invoked successfully to support an alienation by the guardian. We, therefore, agree with Viswanatha Sastri, J., that the alienation under Exhibit D-33 could not bind the 1st Respondent. L.P.A. No.15 of 1951 is dismissed with costs. The alienation, which is the subject-matter in L.P.A.No.26 of 1951 in favour of the 2nd defendant stands on a different footing. As already mentioned, Viswanatha Sastri, J., did not disturb the finding of the trial Court that the primary liability for the debt due under Exhibit D-28 was of the plaintiff’s father and that the 2nd defendant was only a surety. This finding was not challenged before us. As already mentioned, Viswanatha Sastri, J., did not disturb the finding of the trial Court that the primary liability for the debt due under Exhibit D-28 was of the plaintiff’s father and that the 2nd defendant was only a surety. This finding was not challenged before us. The learned Judge, however, held that under Exhibit D-29 the 2nd defendant must be deemed to be only a surety for the 1st defendant and the creditor could not have enforced the payment of the debt from the plaintiff or his estate under Exhibit D-29 or the later promissory note, Exhibit D-32. Mr.Viswanathan, learned counsel for the appellant, contended that the 2nd defendant as surety had always a right to proceed against the plaintiff’s father, and after his death against the plaintiff and his estate, after discharging the debt, and this right would not be lost even if the original liability of the plaintiff’s father did not subsist on the date of the discharge. The 2nd defendant was undoubtedly acting within his rights in renewing his liability by executing the two later promissory notes, Exhibits D-29 and D-32. The alienation in his favour (Exhibit D-1) must be deemed to be in discharge of the liability of the plaintiff and his estate, to indemnify the 2nd defendant as surety in the sum of Rs.1,500 which he paid to the creditor. We see considerable force in this contention of the appellant’s counsel. Mr.Venkatarama Ayyar for the plaintiff - 1st Respondent urged that there was no evidence that the surety was called upon by the creditor to pay the debt. But this objection is not tenable in the face of Exhibit D-2,‘a notice issued by the creditor, the 3rd defendant, on 19th July, 1935, calling upon the plaintiff’s guardian and the 2nd defendant to pay the principal and interest due under Exhibit D-32. Mr.Venkatarama Ayyar then relied upon the fact that a fresh promissory note was taken by the creditor, Exhibit D-29. The result of which in law will be the extinguishment of the liability under the prior note Exhibit D-28. Mr.Venkatarama Ayyar then relied upon the fact that a fresh promissory note was taken by the creditor, Exhibit D-29. The result of which in law will be the extinguishment of the liability under the prior note Exhibit D-28. He relied upon the following passage in Bashyam and Adiga on the Negotiable Instruments Act: “If the creditor takes a fresh security on a separate bill or note from one of several partners who are already his debtors or parties to a bill or note or otherwise, it has ordinarily the effect of discharging the other co-partner.” But, immediately, we find the following:- “But he may reserve his right against the others.” There is no scope in this case for the application of this rule. The creditor did not take a fresh security or bill from one of the debtors. He in effect took from both the debtors, because it is obvious that the 1st defendant executed the promissory note as guardian of the minor plaintiff. There is no intention manifest to discharge either of the debtors. The decision in Subramanian Chetty v. Muthia Chetty1, has no bearing on the facts of the case before us. In our opinion, the 1st defendant, even as a de facto guardian of the minor was entitled to alienate the minor’s property to discharge an obligation binding on the minor’s estate, namely, the obligation to reimburse the 2nd defendant in the sum of Rs.1,500, which went in partial discharge of the liability which can be -traced to Exhibit D-28. This aspect of the case was not evidently emphasised before Viswanatha Sastri, J. In this view, L.P.A.No.26 of 1951 must be allowed. The decree against the 2nd defendant in respect of the property covered by Exhibit D-1 passed in A.S.No.602 of 1946 is set aside and the decree of the trial Court dismissing the suit as against the 2nd defendant is restored. The appellant 2nd defendant will be entitled to the costs of the appeal here and before Viswanatha Sastri, J. R.M. ----- L.P.A.No.15 of 1951 dismissed and L.P.A. No.26 of 1951 allowed.