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1956 DIGILAW 68 (ORI)

Damodar Debata v. Union of India

1956-09-07

DAS

body1956
ORDER :- This is a plaintiffs application in revision against the judgment of the Small Cause Court Judge, Cuttack, dismissing the plaintiffs suit. Plaintiffs simple case was that he consigned 44 baskets of mangoes from Kantakapalli to Cuttack on 2-6-52 under the parcel way bill, Ex. I. In ordinary course, this consignment should have reached the destination the next day, that is, on 3-6-52; but on account of gross negligence and delay on the part 01 the Railway Administration, the parcel reached its destination on 5-6-1952 with the result that the contents were found to be rotten and unfit for human consumption. The consignee, therefore, did not take delivery of the consignment, and hence the plaintiff filed the suit for recovery of a sum of Rs. 429/- after giving notice under S. 80, Civil P.C. to the defendant, that is, the General Manager of the Eastern Railway Administration. The defence of the defendant was that the notice under S. 80, Civil P.C., was not a proper and valid notice and, therefore, the plaintiffs suit is not maintainable, and that there was no delay or negligence or misconduct on the part of the Railway Administration. 2. But at the time of actual hearing in the Court below, the validity or otherwise of the notice was not challenged by the defendant, and it was not also very seriously disputed that there was some delay in the transit. The learned Small Cause Court Judge after going through the evidence, both oral and documentary, has come to the finding that there was a delay of two days. Therefore, the only question argued by Mr. Sen, learned counsel on behalf of the petitioner, was whether there was any misconduct or negligence on the part of the Railway Administration due to this delay. 3. The legal position is that before 1949, under cl. (2) of S. 72, Railways Act, the onus was upon the Railway Administration to prove that there was a special contract, by or on behalf of the person sending or delivering to the Railway Administration the animals or goods, in a form approved by the Central Government. By the Amending Act (Act 56 of 1949), this cl. (2) of S. 72 was omitted and S. 74, A, E, C, D and E were enacted. Mr. Sen, for the purposes of his argument, relies upon S. 740(3) which runs as follows : 3. By the Amending Act (Act 56 of 1949), this cl. (2) of S. 72 was omitted and S. 74, A, E, C, D and E were enacted. Mr. Sen, for the purposes of his argument, relies upon S. 740(3) which runs as follows : 3. When any animals or goods are carried or are deemed to be carried at owners risk rate, a railway administration shall not be responsible for any loss, destruction or deterioration or damage to such goods from any cause whatsoever except upon proof that such delay, loss, destruction, deterioration or damage was due to negligence or misconduct on the part of the railway administration or of any of its servants." Therefore, if the case can come under the exception to cl. (3), then and then alone, the plaintiff can succeed. It was pointed out in argument that it is evident from Ex. I that the goods were consigned by a particular train (Train No. 187) at the owners risk but in evidence it transpired that the goods actually reached their destination by Train No. 25 down. It was further submitted that train No. 187 is not a through train, and the goods had to be carried in another train from a railway junction at Khurda Road intervening in between Kantakapalli and Cuttack. Hence the fact that the goods did not reach their destination by the same train in which they were booked is not of much importance. Doubtless, the finding is that at any rate the goods did reach their destination two days later than it would ordinarily have arrived. Mr. Sen relied upon a decision of the Patna High Court reported in Governor-General in Council v. Visheshwar Lal, AIR 1947 Pat 84 (A), where it has been held that the special contract has got to be proved by the Railway as a bailee under cl. (2) of S. 72, and now after the omission of cl. (2) from S. 72, Railways Act the onus is no longer on the Railway authorities. Therefore that case is of little assistance to Mr. (2) of S. 72, and now after the omission of cl. (2) from S. 72, Railways Act the onus is no longer on the Railway authorities. Therefore that case is of little assistance to Mr. Sen, however, relied on a case reported in Madar Sahib v. The Governor General of India in Council, 1951 Mad-WN 466 at p. 467 : ( AIR 1952 Mad 679 at p. 680) (B), where Panchapagesa Sastry, J. held : "A larger question was raised at the instance of the defendants that there is no proof of misconduct on the part of the railway administration or its servants and all that was admitted was a mere delay in the transit, it was argued that as this was a consignment under risk note B. 1, the proviso casting the duty of disclosure upon the railway administration will not apply, and that it is the first part of the risk note which applies to it. According to it, the consignor undertakes to hold the railway administration harmless and free from all responsibility for any loss, destruction or deterioration or damage to the said consignment from any cause whatsoever except upon proof that such loss, destruction, deterioration or damage arose from the misconduct on the part of the railway administration or its servants. The argument was that delay is not the same as misconduct and that there is no proof in this case of any conduct other than any inference to be drawn from the delay. This it was stated was not permissible. Reliance was placed upon a number of decisions to explain the meaning of the term misconduct. In my opinion, it is unnecessary to go into the matter elaborately as I find that in this particular case misconduct is to be taken as established." "It is contended that the risk note in this case is in the same form as in Madras case. Therefore from the proved facts, a necessary inference can be drawn, when the railway administration fails to show as to how the consignment was dealt with during the time it was in their possession. The goods being perishable in nature, come directly under R. 163, and hence, it would amount to negligence on the part of the railway administration if it is not delivered in due time without any reasonable cause. Mr. The goods being perishable in nature, come directly under R. 163, and hence, it would amount to negligence on the part of the railway administration if it is not delivered in due time without any reasonable cause. Mr. Pal, learned counsel for the defendant-opposite-party, urged that the Patna decision referred to above does not apply to this case in view of the change in law. As I have said earlier, it does not apply now. His argument, however, was that under S. 74(C)(3) the railway administration is absolved of the responsibility for deterioration by virtue of the said clause, and the plaintiff is only entitled to a decree if he can prove that the delay amounted to misconduct. Mr. Pal, for the purpose, relies upon two decisions; one reported in Secretary of state v. Khan Chand Ram Lal, AIR 1935 Lahore 492 (C), and the other reported in M. and S.M. Rly. v. Ravi Singh Deepsing and Co., AIR 1935 Cal 811 (D). Both these cases were under the old S. 72, and not under S. 74C of the Amending Act, which has brought about a substantial change in the law. Except for the principle decided therein, these cases do not help Mr. Pals contention. Mr. Pal further relies upon S. 74D, Railways Act. Under that section, undoubtedly, the burden of proof of misconduct where goods carried at owners risk rate are not delivered to the consignee or are pilfered in transit lies on the consignor. This is a case in which the goods were delivered to the consignee, but the consignee refused to accept the goods as they were found to be rotten. True, according to his own evidence, he had examined only three or four baskets out of 44, and when he found that the goods were in completely rotten condition, he did not further examine other baskets and refused to take delivery of the goods. Therefore, this not being a case of non-delivery or short-delivery, S. 74D would not apply. Mr. Pal referred to another decision of the Nagpur High Court reported in Jusaf and Ismail Co. v. Governor-General in Council, AIR 1948 Nag 65 (E). Therefore, this not being a case of non-delivery or short-delivery, S. 74D would not apply. Mr. Pal referred to another decision of the Nagpur High Court reported in Jusaf and Ismail Co. v. Governor-General in Council, AIR 1948 Nag 65 (E). In that case it was held that the consignee should take delivery of the consignment in the condition in which it is found after giving notice to the officer as to its condition and then sue the railway company for damage, if any. But he had no right in law to insist that either the railway officer should make or he himself should be permitted to make an endowment in the consignee refuses to take delivery of the goods duly offered to him, the railway still continues to him, the railway still continues to be the bailee and remains liable as such. But the consignee is liable to compensate the railway for necessary expenses, if there be any. I do not see how this case helps Mr. Pal at all. 4. As regards the amount under claim there does not appear to be any evidence to show that the claim is either untrue or exaggerated. 5. The plaintiff has thus successfully shown that there had been a delay of two days in delivering the goods without any reasonable causer No explanation whatsoever is coming forth from the railway administration as to the cause of this delay. Thus, the railway administration having, failed to show as to how the consignment was dealt with during the time, it was in their possession or how the delay had occurred, the only legal inference that can be drawn is that there was misconduct on the part of the railway and the plaintiff is thus entitled to a decree. 6. Accordingly, this revision is allowed, and the plaintiffs suit is decreed; but there will be no order for costs in view of a previous order of this Court dated 20-4-55. Revision allowed.