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1963 DIGILAW 182 (KER)

Mathen Simon of Mukalal v. Ousepn Looka of Makkiyil

1963-07-19

S.VELU PILLAI

body1963
JUDGMENT :- In execution of a decree for arrears of dues passed against the defendants and charged en three Items of properties, items 2 and 3 were purchased by the appellant on the 9th Meenom, 1123. On the 29th Edavom, 1123, that is, more than 30 days after the date of the sale, defendants 4, 6 and 8 applied under order XXI Rule 87 and section 40 of the Travancore Civil Procedure Code, to set aside the sale, alleging fraud if the conduct of the sale and pleading that they came to know of it only on the 20th Edavom, 1123. It appeared that no notice under Order XXI Rule 20 or under Order XXI Rule 64 of the Travancore Civil procedure Code was issued to defendants 6 and 8 on the execution petition upon which the sale took place. Defendants 4, 6 and 8 were confronted with the objection, that the application was barred under Article 151 of the Travancore Limitation Act of 1100, corresponding to Article 166 of the Indian Limitation Act. The first court held, that the sale was only voidable and not void and that consequently the application was barred by limitation under Article 151 aforesaid; the plea of fraud and of other irregularities alleged was negative. On appeal by defendants 4, 6 and 8, the Additional District Judge set aside the sale as against defendants 6 and 3 as void for the omission to issue the notice, applying Article 165 of the Travancore Act corresponding to Art. 181 of the Indian Act. Notices having been issued to the 4th defendant, the sale of his interests was held to be valid. This has become final. Although the 4th defendant also is a respondent to this appeal it is convenient to refer to defendants 6 and 8 hereafter as the respondents. 2. The proviso to Order XXI Rule 20 of the Travancore Civil Procedure Code, which was in force at the time of sale, read as follows : "Provided that no order for execution of a decree shall be invalid by reason of the omission to issue a notice under this rule, unless the judgment-debtor has sustained substantial injury by reason of such omission". In view of this, as held by me in Kunjuvareed v. Marry, 1962 Ker LJ 402, the omission to issue the notice under Order XXI Rule 20 cannot be held to be a defect or jurisdiction and did not render the sale void. The omission to issue the notice under Order XXI Rule 64 of the Travancore Civil Procedure Code also was not a detect of jurisdiction. On this, there is the authority of a bench decision of this court in Kuttikrishnan Nair v. Madhavan Nair, 1959 Ker LJ 213 : (AIR 1959 Kerala 382), under Order XXI Rule 63 of the Kerala Civil Procedure Code, which substantially corresponds to Order XXI Rule 64 or the Travancore Civil Procedure Code. There is no substance in the argument of learned counsel for the respondents, that by parity of reasoning in Kunjuvareeds case, 1962 Ker LJ 402 for the absence of a proviso to order XXI Rule 64 similar to that to Order XXI Rule 20 as above, the dictum in kuttikrishnan Nairs case, 1959 Ker LJ 213 : (AIR 1959 Kerala 382) requires reconsideration. The scope and content of Order XXI Rule 64 have to be determined, having regard to the nature or the notice prescribed, the purpose underlying it, and other matters, and not on the terms of order XXI Rule 20. 3. The proper Article of the Travancore Limitation Act to apply is Article 151 and the respondentsapplication to set aside the sale would be barred under it, unless they can rely on Section 18 of that Act. In their application, the respondents had alleged in effect in paragraph 1, that by the failure even to issue the notices to them, they had been kept out of knowledge of the execution proceedings from time to time and of the execution sale by fraud and in a later paragraph, they pleaded having known about the sale only on the 20th Edavom, 1123. It was contended that these averments did not amount to a plea under Section 18, that the respondents were by means of fraud kept in ignorance of their right to make the application and Thommen Thomas v. John Simon, AIR 1957 Trav-Co. 153 was relied on where Varadaraja Iyengar, J., drew a distinction between fraud which vitiated the sale and fraud by which the judgment-debtor was kept in ignorance of his right to make the application. 153 was relied on where Varadaraja Iyengar, J., drew a distinction between fraud which vitiated the sale and fraud by which the judgment-debtor was kept in ignorance of his right to make the application. Speaking with respect, there is no doubt as to the soundness of this distinction, on the terms of Section 18 of the Limitation Act. On principle, if the fraud antecedent to the sale was of such a nature as to suffice for the requirements of Sec. 18 that fraud cannot be dismissed from consideration as having had its origin earlier. The fraud averred in paragraph 1 seems to be one of that category. The following observations of the Allahabad High Court in Mt. Sarvi Begum v. Ram Chander Sarup, AIR 1925 All 778 appear to be in point. The court observed : "Owing to the fraudulent concealment of the proceedings by the decree-holder all Knowledge of the proceedings up to the time of sale was withheld, from the petitioner, then so long as she did not come to know of the sale, the effect of the fraud continued, and the only conclusion to which we can come is that she had been kept from the knowledge of the sale in consequence of the initial fraud practised by the decree-holder, it is only after she became aware of the sale that she came to know of her right to apply. Her case is that she did not come to Know of this right earlier because of the fraud originally practised by the decree-holder". Those observations derive support from Abdul Jamil v. Ambia Khatun, AIR 1939 Cal 663 where, referring to a fraudulent concealment, the court said that, "It would be necessary to show that through the fraudulent conduct of the decree-holder or such other person against whom the application has been directed the judgment-debtor had been prevented from having any knowledge of the sale proclamation or the fact that a sale had actually taken place". For the above reasons, it must he held, that the averments in the application to set aside the sale are sufficient to attract Section 18 of the Travancore Limitation Act, but whether fraud of such a kind was made out, is a different question. 4. For the above reasons, it must he held, that the averments in the application to set aside the sale are sufficient to attract Section 18 of the Travancore Limitation Act, but whether fraud of such a kind was made out, is a different question. 4. In appeal the Additional District Judge did not consider the question of fraud, either in relation to the conduct of the sale or in relation to the right of the respondents to make the application to set aside the sale, because in his view it did not arise some evidence on the question of fraud, consisting of Exts. X to 111 had been adduced in the case, and learned counsel also relied upon the prayers in the several execution petitions, in which the decree-holder or the appellant, or both of them had distinctly prayed that no notice need issue to the respondents, while at the same time they had prayed for the sale of the properties in the decree. I do not propose to express any opinion on this evidence, the effect, of which has not been assessed, in the course that I am adopting, by remanding the case to the lower appellate court, for fresh disposal of the application in the light or the observations made above, so far as it relates to the respondents viz., defendants 6 and 8. 5. Accordingly the order of the Additional District Judge is set aside so far as defendants 6 and 8 alone are concerned, and the case is sent back for hearing and disposal. I make no order as to costs. Order accordingly.