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1963 DIGILAW 231 (KER)

KITTUNNI GUPTHAN v. KUTTIKRISHNA GUPTHAN

1963-08-20

K.K.MATHEW

body1963
Judgment :- 1. The defendants are the appellants. This appeal is against a decree in a suit for recovery of money due on the basis of a pronote executed by the defendants in favour of the plaintiff. He also instituted another suit in O. S.115/1960 of the Ottapalam Munsiff's Court on the basis of another note executed by the 1st defendant. In this appeal I am only concerned with O. S.114/60. The facts of the case are: Defendants 1 and 2 executed a note in favour of the plaintiff for Rs. 1,300/- on 24 41956. It was alleged that an amount of Rs. 200/- was paid on 20 61956, that interest up to the date and Rs. 356-10-6 towards principal were paid on 21111956 and that these payments were endorsed in the handwriting of the 1st defendant on the note. The claim in the suit was for the balance of the principal and interest due. The plaintiff had issued a notice on 1011959 claiming the amounts due under the two notes and the defendants had sent a reply admitting their liability but contending that they were entitled to the benefit of Act 31 of 1958. The suit was resisted mainly on the ground that it was barred by limitation, that all the payments have not been credited in the plaint and that the acknowledgment relied on in the plaint was not valid and binding on the defendants. 2. The trial court dismissed the suit finding that the suit was barred by limitation, but on appeal by the plaintiff, the lower appellate court, reversed the decree and hence this appeal. 3. The only point for decision in this appeal is whether the suit was barred by limitation. But counsel for the respondent raised a preliminary objection to the maintainability of this appeal on the ground that the suit is of a small cause nature of the value not exceeding Rs. 1,000 - and that no second appeal would lie under S.102 of the Code of Civil Procedure. In the view I am taking of the merits of this appeal it is unnecessary to decide the preliminary point. 4. The question for consideration, as I have said, is whether the suit was barred by limitation. The plaintiff relied on an acknowledgment of the plaint claim contained in Ext. In the view I am taking of the merits of this appeal it is unnecessary to decide the preliminary point. 4. The question for consideration, as I have said, is whether the suit was barred by limitation. The plaintiff relied on an acknowledgment of the plaint claim contained in Ext. A4 the reply notice issued by the defendants through their advocate Mr K. C. M. Kurup. The point for decision is only whether this reply notice contained an acknowledgment of a subsisting liability of the defendants under the note and whether that acknowledgment is binding on the defendants. The plaintiff had issued a notice "Ext. A3 in the case claiming the amounts due under the two pronotes. It was argued on the basis of the language in Ext. A4 that the acknowledgment, if any, contained therein can only relate to the liability under the note executed by the 1st defendant and which is the subject matter of the suit in O. S.115/60, and that there is no reference at all in the reply notice to the note which is the subject matter of the suit in this case. Ext. A4, no doubt, refers only to a pronote. But from the context and the subsequent portions in that notice it is clear that the Advocate was referring to the amounts due under the two notes, one executed by defendants 1 and 2 and the other by the 1st defendant alone. It is clear from Ext. A4 that the advocate was issuing the notice on behalf of defendants 1 and 2. From Ext. A3 it is seen that although the notice was issued to the 1st defendant, it was intended as a notice to the 2nd defendant as well. Although Ext. A3 was issued to the 1st defendant the statement therein that the 1st defendant should show the same to the 2nd defendant would indicate that the notice was intended for the 2nd defendant also. The further fact that both the defendants joined together and issued Ext. A-4 through their advocate strengthens the conclusion that the plaintiff demanded the amounts due under both notes and that the reply Ext. A-4 was also for the claims under both the notes. Therefore it is clear that the acknowledgment in Ext. A4 is also of the liability under the note which is the subject matter of the suit in this case. A-4 was also for the claims under both the notes. Therefore it is clear that the acknowledgment in Ext. A4 is also of the liability under the note which is the subject matter of the suit in this case. Then the further question is whether Ext. A-4 is binding on defendants 1 and 2. It was submitted by counsel for the appellants that Mr. K. C. M. Kurup, the advocate, was not the duly authorised agent of the defendants for making an acknowledgment under S.21 of the Limitation Act. His argument was that the advocate had no authority to make the acknowledgment in Ext. A-4 as there is nothing to show that he had the power to do so. I confess that I am unable to appreciate that argument. There was no case for the defendants that the issue of the notice Ext. A-4, was an unauthorised act on the part of their advocate. In the written statement there was no plea that Mr. Kurup had no authority to send Ext. A-4 notice acknowledging the liability. Therefore it has to be presumed that Mr. Kurup issued the notice on the basis of the instruction given by defendants 1 and 2. If that be so, I am unable to understand why it is not an acknowledgment signed by a duly authorised agent. Explanation.2 to S.19 of the Indian Limitation Act reads as follows: "For the purpose of this section'signed' means signed either personally or by an agent duly authorised in this behalf." It was held in AIR. 1933 Rangoon 147 that, "When a member of the bar writes a letter purporting to be instructed by a client, there is a presumption, until the contrary is proved, that the letter is written under instructions." In Rustomji on Limitation, 6th Edn., page 229 it is stated: "Acknowledgment in a Pleader's letter may suffice to save limitation against the client, it being assumed (until the contrary is proved) that the letter was written under instructions." The argument of the appellant that the notice does not contain an acknowledgment of a subsisting liability has no substance in it as it is clear from Ext. A4 that the defendants were prepared to pay the balance amount due under the notes according to the provisions of Act 31 of 1958. 5. The only other argument was that an amount of Rs. A4 that the defendants were prepared to pay the balance amount due under the notes according to the provisions of Act 31 of 1958. 5. The only other argument was that an amount of Rs. 166/- and odd was claimed by the defendants in the reply notice to have been paid, and therefore the acknowledgment of a subsisting liability can relate only to the balance of the amount. But it does not appear from Ext. A4 that the alleged payment of Rs. 166/- and odd was towards the claim under this note. Therefore I am unable to accept the argument of counsel that the claim to that extent was barred by limitation. 6. In the result, the decree of the lower appellate court is confirmed and this Appeal dismissed with costs.