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1965 DIGILAW 192 (MAD)

Palaniswami Goundar v. Special Tahsildar, Land Acquisition, Harijan Welfare, Erode,

1965-07-01

M.NATESAN, P.CHANDRA REDDY

body1965
Chandra Reddy, C.J. .- The subject-matter of challenge in this writ appeal is the notification, dated 21st August, 1962, issued under section 6 of the Land Acquisition Act (hereinafter called the Act). An extent of one acre 3½ cents in S. No. 50 (6) belonging to the appellants was notified for acquisition for the purpose of house-sites for Harijans under section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act. That notification also included a direction under section 17 (4) of the Act to dispense with the provisions of section 5-A of the Act in view of the urgency of the case. This was followed up by a declaration under section 6 of the Act. It was stated therein that possession of the land should be taken immediately after the publication of the notice under section 9 (1) of the Act. The appellants attacked these proceedings on various grounds, but they need not be set out here, as they have confined themselves in this appeal to one objection. The notification under section 6 of the Act is assailed on the ground that the prior notification under section 4 (1) of the Act was contrary to the relevant provisions of the Act, and this has affected the validity of the notification under section 6. They claim that at the stage when section 4 (1) notification is issued the question of acquisition is still in the investigatory stage and so the appropriate Government could not reach any conclusion as to the applicability of the urgency provisions contained in section 17 of the Act. Though it will be open to the Government after considering all the matters relevant thereto to decide whether the acquisition should be proceeded with expeditiously, it would be premature to arrive at any opinion in relation to the applicability of section 5-A at the stage of section 4 (1) notification. This argument is founded on the provisions of section 4 which commences with the words: “ Whenever it appears to the appropriate Government that land in any locality is needed or is likely to he needed for any public purpose..................” The argument based upon the language that “ Land in any locality is needed or is likely to be needed for any public purpose”. is that the notification under the section has no relation to any specified land but bears only upon a particular locality and it is only after the preliminary investigation is carried out under that section that the land needed for a public purpose is particularised. Till the preliminaries are completed the appropriate Government does not reach any decision, as to the land to be selected for a public purpose. This result flows, according to the learned Counsel, from the difference in language between section 4 (1) and section 6(1) which talks of ‘any particular land is needed’ for a public purpose. Learned Counsel urges that if really a specified land was within the contemplation of section 4, it would have used the same language, namely, ‘any Particular land ‘as in section 6. The difference in the language in this behalf clearly indicates that at the stage of issue of notification under section 4(1) the appropriate Government not having made up its mind as to the land to be acquired for a public purpose, it could not apply its mind to the question of the applicability of section 5-A of the Act, urges learned Counsel for the appellants. We are unable to accede to this contention. Before we deal with the validity of this contention, it is useful to refer briefly to the scheme of the Land Acquisition Act, in so far as it has a bearing on this inquiry. The proceedings for acquisition start with a preliminary notification under section 4 (1), which recites that: “ Land in any locality is needed or is likely to be needed for any public purpose.” After the notification, authority is conferred on an officer either generally or specifically by Government and on his servants and workmen to enter upon and survey and take levels of any land in such locality, to dig or bore into the sub-soil, to do all other acts necessary to find out whether the land is suitable for such purpose, to set out the boundaries of the land proposed to be taken and so on. Section 5-A enables any person interested in any land which has been notified under section 4 to file objections to the Collector to the acquisition of the land or of any land in the locality as the case may be within thirty days of the issue of that notification. Section 5-A enables any person interested in any land which has been notified under section 4 to file objections to the Collector to the acquisition of the land or of any land in the locality as the case may be within thirty days of the issue of that notification. The Collector has to give an opportunity to the objector of being heard and after the objections are heard and after further enquiry if necessary, the Collector has to submit the case for the decision of the Government together with the record of the proceedings held by him and the report containing his recommendations on the objections. The decision of the Government on the objections is final. This is followed up by the declaration under section 6 that the land is needed for a public purpose. After such declaration has been made under section 6, the Collector has to take orders for acquisition of land. It is manifest from the scheme noticed that as soon as a preliminary notification is issued under section 4, the officer authorised by the Government may enter upon the land to survey it and do all other necessary acts to ascertain whether the land is adapted for the purpose for which it was sought to be acquired and this action if taken would give sufficient notice to those interested to object. If objections are made, the Collector will consider those objections and make the necessary recommendations in his report to the Government. If, on the other hand, no objections are filed, the Government proceeds to issue a notification under section 6 on the report of the Collector. To this usual procedure there is, however, an exception under section 17 contained in clause (4) of that section which recites: “ In the case of any land to which, in the opinion of the appropriate Government, the provisions of sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) are applicable, the appropriate Government may direct that the provisions of section 5-A shall not apply, and, if it does so direct, a declaration may be made under section 6 in respect of the land at any time after the publication of the notification under section 4, sub-section (1).” One thing is clear from section 17 (4) and that is that the direction contemplated by section 17 (4) should precede a declaration under section 6. There is nothing in the language of section 17 (4) to warrant the contention that the appropriate Government has to apply its’ mind to the problem bearing on section 5-A only after the issue of the preliminary notification. No such sequence is provided in that section. It does not prescribe that the appropriate Government should wait for the dispensing with the provisions of section 5-A till after the 4 (1) notification. It is one thing to say that the appropriate Government is not under an obligation to include the direction for dispensing with the provisions of section 5-A in the preliminary notification, but a different thing to say that the Government is precluded from doing it. On the other hand, we feel that the scheme of the Act indicates that the decision as to the requirement of the land for a public purpose and the decision not to apply the provisions of section 5-A in view of the urgency can be taken simultaneously. The authorities concerned need not wait for bringing into operation the provisions of section 17 (4) till after the issue of a preliminary notification. This conclusion of ours is strengthened by the form of notification to be issued under section 4 of the Act which requires a schedule to be annexed mentioning district, taluk, village, description of land with survey or paimash numbers, name of the owner or occupier, boundaries of the land required to be taken up, all of which denote that section 4 has in contemplation a specified piece of land. The absence of the word ‘particular’ before the expression ‘land’ in section 4 cannot lead to the inference that at the stage of the preliminary notification the Government has in view only a particular locality and not any specified piece of land. On the other hand, all the indications in that section are that section 4 has reference to a specified bit of land. It is true that after the notification under that section investigation is caused to be made by the officers authorised by the Government to ascertain the adaptability of the land for a public purpose and it is only after being satisfied about the suitability thereof that the Government takes a decision on the question of the acquisition of the land and then makes a declaration under section 6 which becomes final. It is too much to contend that the Legislature has invested the officers envisaged in sub-section (2) with enormous powers to decide as to which particular plot in a locality should be selected for a particular public purpose. In our opinion, the purpose of the section seems to be that after taking a decision as to the requirement of a particular piece of land for a public purpose the appropriate Government authorises either specifically or generally one of their officers to carry out certain tests to ascertain the adaptability of the land and if it is found suitable issues a declaration under section 6. We are not persuaded that section 6 declaration could have relation to a land that is not the subject-matter of a preliminary notification. It may be that a larger extent of land is indicated in section 4 notification than the land finally decided upon to be acquired ; or it may be that after the notification the land may be abandoned if found to be unsuitable. We have already stated that section 17 (4) of the Act does not require that the issue of a preliminary notification and the direction to dispense with the provisions of section 5-A should be in two stages. There can be a simultaneous decision in regard to both the matters. This conclusion of ours is reinforced by decided cases. In Ramabrahmam v. State of Andhra1, a Division Bench of the Andhra Pradesh High Court has held that there is nothing illegal if the Government by the same order directs the officer concerned to issue the notification under section 4 and also to dispense with the procedure laid down under section 5-A of the Act. In the same trend of thought is the ruling of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in Rambihari Misra v. State of M.P.2. It was decided in that case that it was within the competency of the Government to order that in any particular case coming under sub-section (1) of section 17, the provisions of section 5-A shall not apply in the preliminary notification under section 4. Support is sought by Sri Vedantachari for the proposition advanced by him from a judgment of the Supreme Court in Somavanti v. State of Punjab3. Support is sought by Sri Vedantachari for the proposition advanced by him from a judgment of the Supreme Court in Somavanti v. State of Punjab3. The passage which is pressed into service in this behalf and occurring at page 822 is: “ If the Government, therefore, takes a decision to make such a notification and, thereafter takes two further decisions, that is, to dispense with compliance with the provisions of section 5-A and also to declare that the land comprised in the notification is in fact needed for a public purpose, there is no departure from any provision of the law even though the two notifications are published on the same day.” We are not convinced that these observations lend any colour to the conclusion of the learned Counsel. It is clear from the extracted sentences that the decision to make a notification under section 4 should be followed by two further decisions, namely, to dispense with compliance of the provisions of section 5-A and to make the declaration under section 6. It is significant that the expression used is ‘take a decision to make a notification. ‘It does not talk of issuing a notification and then taking a decision. That the Supreme Court did not intend to lay down the proposition contended for by Sri Vedantachari is clear from the earlier passage in the same page: “ But it seems to us that where there is an emergency by reason of which the State Government directs under sub-section (4) of section 17 of the Act that the provisions of section 5-A need not be complied with, the Whole matter, that is, the actual requirement of the land for a public purpose must necessarily have been considered at the earliest stage itself that is When it Was decided that compliance with the provisions of section 5-A be dispensed with.” It is manifest from this sentence that the two decisions are parts of the same process, namely, acquisition of a particular piece of land and dispensing with the provisions of section 5-A. It may be mentioned here that in the case under citation the direction not to apply the provisions of section 5-A was contained in the preliminary notifications under section 4 and that both the notifications under sections 4 and 6 were published simultaneously. Notwithstanding this, the objections of the owner of the land were over-ruled. Notwithstanding this, the objections of the owner of the land were over-ruled. Thus Somavanti v. State of Punjab1far from lending any support to the case of the appellants militates against it. Nor is Nandeshwar Prasad v. U.P. Government2, of any avail to the learned Counsel. No where in the whole of the judgment has it been even suggested that the two things, namely, issue of preliminary notification and the direction contemplated in section 17 (4), should be done at different stages. In our opinion, neither the decided cases nor the language of the relevant provisions of the Act render any assistance or even colour to the contentions raised by the learned Counsel for the appellants. We feel that this argument is devoid of substance. Even otherwise, we do not see how the appellants have been prejudiced by the inclusion of this direction in the preliminary notification. We fail to see how the decision not to apply the provisions of section 5-A taken sometime after the preliminary notification puts them in a better or more advantageous position. We are satisfied that the ground of attack is inadmissible and the writ appeal has to be dismissed with costs. The judgment in Writ Appeal No. 34 of 1965 applies to Writ Appeal No. 352 of 1964 as the same point is raised therein. This appeal is also dismissed with costs. V.K. ------------- Appeals dismissed.