PL. CT. PL. Palaniappa Chettiar v. A. RM. A. L. A. Muthu Veerappa Chettiar
1965-07-14
M.NATESAN
body1965
DigiLaw.ai
Order. - This is a revision under section 115 of the Civil Procedure Code, from an order dismissing the petitioner’s application for rateable distribution under section 73 of the Civil Procedure Code. Though the petitioner can pursue his claim by way of a suit, as this revision petition has been pending in this Court from 1962, and the question for decision is a simple one, it not being disputed that the matter would otherwise come under section 115 of the Civil Procedure Code, the faintly put forward preliminary objection is overruled. The petitioner obtained a decree against the defendant in O.S. No. 44 of 1959 on the file of the Subordinate Judge’s Court, Coimbatore, and for the realisation of a sum of about Rs. 79,264 due under the decree he had the decree transferred to the Subordinate Judge’s Court, Devakottai, for execution, and filed therein, E.P. No. 25 of 1960 on 2nd February, 1960 for attachment and sale of certain immovable properties. Attachment was ordered on 5th February, 1960, and order for sale was made on 19th July, 1960, the properties to be proclaimed and sold on 5th September, 1960. It is seen from the records of execution that there was no sale, and subsequently on 5th July, 1961 on application the upset price was reduced, and the properties were directed to be proclaimed and sold on 4th September, 1961. There were no bidders even at this sale, and the properties were not sold ; and on 7th September, 1961 the execution petition was adjourned to 14th September, 1961 for steps. On 14th September, 1961 with the endorsement “ petition not yet filed” the matter was adjourned to 20th September, 1961. On 20th September, 1961 the execution petition was dismissed with the following endorsement thereon: “ No petition filed. Petition dismissed. Attachment to continue for four months” . Meanwhile, the properties were attached in execution of another decree against the same judgment-debtors in E.P. No. 89 of 1961 in O.S. No. 31 of 1959, on the file of the Subordinate Judge’s Court, Devakottai, and the properties were sold on 18th December, 1961, for Rs. 5,000, and the proceeds brought into Court.
Attachment to continue for four months” . Meanwhile, the properties were attached in execution of another decree against the same judgment-debtors in E.P. No. 89 of 1961 in O.S. No. 31 of 1959, on the file of the Subordinate Judge’s Court, Devakottai, and the properties were sold on 18th December, 1961, for Rs. 5,000, and the proceeds brought into Court. It is the claim of the petitioner by E.A. No. 66 of 1962 to share rateably with the proceeds thus brought in, that has been rejected on the ground that there was no subsisting execution pending, when assets were realised. It should be noted that in terms of the order dated 20th September, 1961, directing continuance of the attachment for four months, the properties sold continued under the attachment at the instance of the petitioner also, the attachment being valid upto 20th January, 1962. The sale in E.P. No. 89 of 1961, which brought in proceeds into Court, was pending this attachment. The petitioner contended in the lower Court, on the basis of a decision of this Court in Krishnaswamy Iyengar v. Vedavalli Ammal1, that the very fact of the attachment being continued established that the order of dismissal of his execution petition was an order for statistical purposes, and in fact and in law it must be deemed to be pending when proceeds were brought into Court. This contention did not find acceptance the lower Court placing reliance on a decision of the Nagpur High Court in Gulab Chand v. Dongarmal2. The lower Court has taken the view that the dismissal of the petitioner’s execution petition was one for default on the part of the decree-holder and that there was a termination of the execution petition filed by him, despite the continuance of the attachment. In my view this runs against the current of decisions of this Court. So far as the decision of the Nagpur High Court in Gulabchand v. Dhongarmal2, is concerned it would be apparent from a perusal of it, that the decision rested on the wording of Order 21, rule 57 of the Civil Procedure Code, as amended by that Court in 1930.
So far as the decision of the Nagpur High Court in Gulabchand v. Dhongarmal2, is concerned it would be apparent from a perusal of it, that the decision rested on the wording of Order 21, rule 57 of the Civil Procedure Code, as amended by that Court in 1930. Referring to the decision of some other High Courts that had been cited, Pollock, J., observes thus in that case:- “ Several decisions of other Courts have been cited, showing that such order may be an order of adjournment, but none of these decisions is precisely in point, partly because the wording was different and partly because all these decisions were decided under Order 21, rule 57, as it was originally enacted.” I do not find any reference in the judgment of Pollock, J., to anything like the imperative provision found in Order 21, rule 57, as amended in this State, providing that, when the Court dismisses an application by reason of the decree-holder’s default the order shall state that the attachment do cease. The decision of the Nagpur High Court in Gulab Chand v. Dongarmal 1 , cannot be of any help to the present case, as that case was decided on the rule applicable there, and on the facts of the case. Section 73 of the Civil Procedure Code, is intended to provide expeditious summary and cheap remedy for the execution of money decrees held against the same judgment-debtor by several persons, the claim of rival decree-holders getting adjusted without the necessity for separate proceedings. Section 73 provides that, where assets are held by a Court, and more persons than one have, before receipt of such assets, made application to the Court for the execution of decrees for the payment of money passed against the same judgment-debtor, and have not obtained satisfaction thereof, the assets, after deducting the costs of realisation, shall be rate-ably distributed among all such persons.
Section 73 entitles a decree-holder to rateable distribution, if the following conditions are satisfied: “ (a) the applicant for rateable distribution must have obtained his decree and applied for execution of the decree to the appropriate Court; (4) the application should have been made prior to the receipt of the assets by the Court ; (c) the assets of which rateable distribution is claimed must be assets held by the Court ; (d) the attaching creditor as well as the decree-holder claiming to participate in the asset should be holders of decrees for the payment of money ; and (e) the decrees should have been obtained against the same judgment-debtor.” Though section 73 speaks of only an application to the Court for execution before the receipt of such assets, it has been held in more than one case that the application must be a subsisting and pending one at the time of receipt of assets. In this case, the question is whether, notwithstanding the wording of the order dismissing the petitioner’s execution application, it could still be pending, the order of dismissal in effect amounting to an order adjourning it sine die. It has been repeatedly observed by this Court that the actual words used do not govern the matters as to the character of the disposal, and that the decision as to the nature of the disposal must eventually turn on the construction of the order passed, in the light of the circumstances under which the order was passed, and its legal effect. What has to be determined is what is the import of the order, what was in that intended and what was expressed by the Court, when statedly dismissing the petition, while continuing the attachment ? When construing this order one has to bear in mind Order 21, rule 57 as it stands amended in this State.
What has to be determined is what is the import of the order, what was in that intended and what was expressed by the Court, when statedly dismissing the petition, while continuing the attachment ? When construing this order one has to bear in mind Order 21, rule 57 as it stands amended in this State. Order 21, rule 57 (1) runs thus: “ Where any property has been attached in execution of a decree and the Court hearing the execution application either dismisses it or adjourns the proceedings to a future date it shall state whether the attachment continues or ceases: Provided that when the Court dismisses such an application by reason of the decree-holder’ default the order shall state that the attachment do cease.” The requirement for an order terminating the attachment, when the dismissal of the application is on the decree-holder’s default, is mandatory. No doubt, in the order in question it is observed, “ No petition filed. Petition dismissed”. What this petition is, it is not made clear. Already the upset price had been reduced once. The lower Court observes that it was open to the petitioner to file a petition to reduce the upset price or to state the properties may be proclaimed for sale on the same upset price. The upset price having been reduced once, if the decree-holder does not choose to apply for reduction of the upset price still further for want of bidders on the reduced upset price, that cannnot be said to amount to default on the part of the decree-holder. At this stage the correctness of the order on the execution petition is not open to challenge. This Court has only to interpret the order, and when one finds the Court continuing the attachment, the proper interpretation would be that the execution petition itself is not being terminated, but adjourned for the nonce. We cannot readily agree that the Court intended passing a patently illegal order. The decision of this Court in Krishnaswamy Iyengar v. Vedavalli Ammal1, placed before the lower Court, in my view, directly covers the case. That was also a revision arising out of an order under section 73 of the Civil Procedure Code. The order on the execution petition, which came up for construction, ran thus: “ E.P. dismissed as not pressed. Attachment to continue for six months from to-day” .
That was also a revision arising out of an order under section 73 of the Civil Procedure Code. The order on the execution petition, which came up for construction, ran thus: “ E.P. dismissed as not pressed. Attachment to continue for six months from to-day” . With reference to this endorsement on the execution petition, this Court observed that non-prosecution of the execution application conveyed by the term “ not pressed” would not necessarily mean a default of the kind contemplated under rule 57. Reference was made therein to the decision of Basheer Ahmed Sayeed, J., in Govinda Padayachi v. Kannammal2, wherein it was observed at page 205: “If the Court had intended that the execution petition should be treated as dismissed for default and that the proceedings should terminate finally, it would have felt bound to order that the attachment was also to cease. But the Court exercised its discretion actually the other way.” In Krishnaswamy Iyengar v. Vedavalli1, Ramachandra Iyer, J. (as he then was) has observed, at page 219: “It is well settled that the mere use of words ‘closed, dismissed or struck off’ do not indicate default on the part of the decree-holder and that question has to be determined only on the facts and circumstances of each case.” In my view, in the light of the authorities, when the attachment is directed to be continued it should be held that the Court saw no such default on the part of the decree-holder as warranted the termination of the execution as a penalty for default. It must therefore be held on the facts and circumstances above set out that there had been no valid final termination of the proceedings in execution and that the execution petition must be deemed to be pending on the material date, when the assets were received by the Court. The result would be that the petitioner will be entiled to a share in the assets realised under section 73 of the Civil Procedure Code. The Civil Revision Petition is, therefore, allowed, the order dated 28th March, 1962, on E.A. No. 66 of 1962 is set aside, and the application of the petitioner to share rateably is remanded to the lower Court for passing appropriate orders. No order as to costs. V.K. ----- Petition allowed.