Order:- petition by Sadagopachari and Raghupathi, accused 4 and 6 in C C No. 14 of 1964, on the file of the Special Judge, Madras, to revise the order of the Special Judge, Madras, to revise the Order of the Special Judge in Criminal M.P. No. 32 of 1965 in the said case overruling their preliminary objections with regard to the competency of the Collector of Customs to file the complaint in this case and the jurisdiction of the Court to entertain the same. The difficulty that has arisen in this case is not likely to occur in future after the enactment of the new Customs Act (LII of 1962.) The Collector of Customs has pre-ferred a complaint against the petitioners and others under section 120-B read with sections 161, 165, 165-A, Indian Penal Code. Section 5(2) read with section 5(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act (II of 1947); section 5(2) of the said Act read with section 109, Indian Penal Code and section 167 clauses (75), (76) and (81) of the Sea Customs Act read with sections 19 and 5 of the Imports and Exports (Control) Act apart from other specific offences against the individual accused. The Prevention of Corruption Act (II of 1947) provides for special investigation by senior Police Officers for offences under the said Act and specific offences such as bribery under the Indian Penal Code subject to the prosecution obtaining previous sanction. Section 3 of the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act (XXV of 1946) provides that the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify the offences or classes of offences committed in connection with matters concerning departments of the Central Government which are to be investigated by the Delhi Special Police Establishment. Such investigation was done in this case and normally, one would expect the Special Police to file the charge sheet in this case. But under section 187-A of the Sea Customs Act (VIII of 1878), no Court shall take cognizance of any offence relating to smuggling of goods punishable under item 81 of the Schedule to section 167 of the said Act except upon compliant in writing made by the Chief Customs Officer or any other officer of Customs not lower in rank that an Assistant Collector of Cstoms. Thus in respect of the main acts of smuggling punishable under section 167(81) of the Sea Customs Act, the Collector of Customs had to prefer the complaint and for the offences punishable under the Prevention of Corruption Act, the Special Police who investigated the case had to file the charge sheet. Under section 137 of the Customs Act (LII of 1962) dealing with cognizance of offences, the Collector of Customs need only give sanction for the prosecution relating to certain offences under the Customs Act. Hence, the Special Police could file charge sheet in future for offence under Prevention of Corruption Act and other Acts after obtaining the sanction of the Collector in respect of offences under Customs Act requiring such sanction. The only question to be considered in this case as regards the first objection raised by the learned Advocate for the petitioner is whether the Special Judge can take cognizance of all the offences charged against the petitioners and others on private complaint of the Collector of Customs. Under section 8(1) of the Criminal Law Amendment Act, a Special Judge may take cognizance of offences without the accused being committed to him for trial, and in trying the accused persons, he shall follow the procedure prescribed by the Code of Criminal Procedure for the trial of warrant cases by Magistrates. Thus the powers of the Special Judge to take cognizance of the offences are wide and they are not confined to the taking of cognizance on police charge sheet. The cognizance of offences can be taken by the Special Judge on private complaint. In Parasnath v. State1, it has been held that section 8(1) of the Criminal Law Amendment Act gives clear authority to the Special Judge to take cognizance of an offence and no limitation has been placed as to how he should do it. It was held in that decision that even if the investigation of the case had been made by the ordinary Police and not by the Special Police as contemplated by the Prevention of Corruption Act, it would not take away the jurisdiction of the Special Judge to try the accused. The learned Judges in that case went to the extent of stating that the Special Judge had powers to order an enquiry even under section 202 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The learned Judges in that case went to the extent of stating that the Special Judge had powers to order an enquiry even under section 202 of the Criminal Procedure Code. But it is doubtful whether the Special Judge would have any such power having regard to the wording of clause (3) of section 8 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act which extends only such of the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, not covered by the previous clauses (1) and (2) of section 8 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act. The said first part of clause (3) of section 8 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act is governed by the latter part of the said clause which states that for the purpose of the said provisions, the Court of the Special Judge shall be deemed to be a Court of Session trying cases without a jury or without the aid of assessors and the person conducting a prosecution before a Special Judge shall be deemed to be a Public Prosecutor. It should be noted that the ordering of an enquiry under section 201, Criminal Procedure Code, is the power of a Magistrate and not the power of a Court of Sessions. But this does not affect the question of jurisdiction of the Special Judge under section 8(1) of the Criminal Law Amendment Act to take cognizance of offences either on Police charge sheet or private complaint or otherwise. The learned Advocate for the petitioners referred to section 193 of the Criminal Procedure Code, regarding the cognizance of offences by Court of Sessions only on committal and urged that the said section could not be invoked to prevent a Special Judge from taking cognisance on Police charge sheet and that on a parity of reasoning section 190 of the Criminal Procedure Code, could not be invoked by the Special Judge to take cognizance of offences on private complaint unlike as in the case of Magistrates. But I fail to see how section 193, Criminal Procedure Code, cannot be invoked by a Special Judge. Even though the Special Judge is a Court of Sessions as stated in clause 8(3) of the Criminal Law Amendment Act, he can take cognizance otherwise than on committal by virtue of clause 8(1) of the said Act. But I fail to see how section 193, Criminal Procedure Code, cannot be invoked by a Special Judge. Even though the Special Judge is a Court of Sessions as stated in clause 8(3) of the Criminal Law Amendment Act, he can take cognizance otherwise than on committal by virtue of clause 8(1) of the said Act. Section 193(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code, provides except as otherwise expressly provided by this Code or by any other law for the time being in force, no Court of Sessions shall take cognizance of any offence as a Court of original jurisdiction unless the accused has been committed to it by a Magistrate duly empowered in that behalf. Thus clause 8(1) of the Criminal Law Amendment Act is ‘the other law’ contemplated in section 193(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure and it operates as an exception to the general rule that Court of Session should normally try cases only on commitment. There can be no objection to the Collector of Customs preferring a complaint in respect of even offences falling under the Prevention of Corruption Act. The first preliminary objection has, therefore, been rightly overruled by the learned Special Judge, Madras. The only other objection raised by the learned Advocate for the petitioner is the plea of limitation based on section 198 of the Sea Customs Act. The learned Advocate for the petitioner stated that as the plea of limitation can be sustained only on additional facts which have to be established at the trial of the case, it may be left open and I see no objection to the said course. I accordingly leave open the question of limitation to be argued after the trial of case. Subject to the observations regarding the plea of limitation, this Criminal Revision Case is dismissed. V.S. ----- Revision dismissed.