S. K. Kapnr ( 1 ) THIS civil revision is directed against the order of Shri M. L. Jain, Subordinate Judge 1st Class, Delhi, dated February, 22, 1965. By the said order the trial Court disposed of only issue No. 2 which was as under :- "whether the suit has beeniled by a duly authorised person as provided in Act No. 29 of 1954. If not what is the effect ?"the trial Court held that Mr. Mushtaq Ahmad, who signed and verified the plaint and filed the suit on behalfb of, Dilhi Wakf Board, plaintiff was not duly constituted Secretary of the Board and, therefore, the plaint was not signed and filed by a properly authorised person The trial Court, however, granted the request made on behalf of ths plaintiff that they be permitted to get it signed by a competent person. The gri-evance of the petitioner is against the last part of the order allowing the plaintiff to get the plaint singned by a duly authorised person Mr. Kapur, the learned counsel for the petitioner, has drawn my attention to section 9 of the Muslim Wakf Act, 1954, and submits that the said Board is a body corporate and, therefore, could institute the plaint only through a duly authorised person. He, however, does, not dispute that, in view of section 22 of the Act, the Board could delegate the powers of instituting the suit, or signing and verifying the plaint. His contention, in short, is that the plaint not having been instituted or signed by a duly authorised person it could be permitted to be signed by a competent person only before the passing of the impugned order by the trial Court holding that Mir Mushtaq Ahmad was not competent to institutehe suit or sign the plaint. He submits that a principal could not ratify an act of an agent in such matters after the Court had decided that the purported agent had no authority to institute the suit or sign the plaint. He, in the alternative submits that even if the Court was justified in granting the request the limitation would start from the day the plaint is signed by a duly author- ised agent. He relies for this proposition on Punjab Zamindars Bank Lt. Lyctlipur v. Madan Mohan Singh and others. He also refers to Kirpal Chand v. The Traders Bank Ltd,.
He relies for this proposition on Punjab Zamindars Bank Lt. Lyctlipur v. Madan Mohan Singh and others. He also refers to Kirpal Chand v. The Traders Bank Ltd,. and points out that in that case the Court allowed the plaint to be amended and signed be a properly authorised person but that was done during the pendency of the suit and not after the Court had decided the issue as in this case. The learned counsel for the respondents, on the other hand, submits that the impugned order is correct in law and relies on Goswami Sri Roman Lalji v. Goswami Sri Gokul Nathji, Caico Prnters Association v. Karim and Bros. , Ail India Repoters Ltd. v. Ramchandra Bundi Port and Cement, Ltd v. A. H. Essaji. and W. Johnston v. Romeshwar Singh. In A India Reportes case the suit was filed on behalf of two plaintiffs, namely, (1) All Indian Reporter, Limited, Bombay, and (2) Shri V. V. Chitaley. On an objection being taken by the defendst on the ground that the plaint was not properly signed or verified the trial Court unheld the objection but ordered that the plaint should be properly signed and verified by someone authorised on behalf of Ali India Reporter Limited. The matter was taken to the High Court in revision and the said order of the trial Court was challenged but the revision was dismissed on the ground that no question of jurisdiction was involved, It was also held that if a plaint was not properly signed or verified it was open to the Court at any subsequent stage either on its own initiative or upon an objection by the defendant to require the plaintiff to sign and verify the plaint and merely because the Court directed the plaintiff to sign the plaint subsequently, the original plaint, which was not properly signed, did not cease to be a suit. ( 2 ) I am unabie to agree with Mr. Kapur s contention that suit instituted without a proper authority of a purported plaintiff cannot be allowed to be amended after the Court had decided the question of the agent s authority. No doubt an action commenced at the instance of some one not properly authorised cannot be termed as a suit properly constituted.
Kapur s contention that suit instituted without a proper authority of a purported plaintiff cannot be allowed to be amended after the Court had decided the question of the agent s authority. No doubt an action commenced at the instance of some one not properly authorised cannot be termed as a suit properly constituted. In that limited sense it may even be termed as a nullity but on general principle of law relating to principal and agent it should be open to the purported plaintiff to rectify the defect by signing the plaint and adopting the proceedings. On that being done the defect in the proceedings as originally constituted would, in my view, stand cured, As a matter of fact, Mr. Kapur also does not dispute that the plaintiff could sign the plaint and adopt the procedings before the impugned order was passed. I am unable to see what difference does the passing of the order make. By such an order the Court merely decides whether the suit has been initiated or the plaint signed by a duly authorised person. That does not affect the jurisdiction of the Court to allow time to the plaintiff to amend the plaint by appending the signatures of a properly authorised person. I see no objection to a composite order being made holding that the suit has been filed not by a properly authorised person and allowing the same to be amended. In Danish Mercantie Co. Ltd. and others V. Beaumount certain proceedings were initiated in the name of the company by a solicitor without verifying whether he had proper authority to do so. It was observed by Jenkins L. J.- "i think the true position is simply that a solicitor who starts proceedings in the name of a company without verifying whether he has proper authority to do so, or under an erroneous assumption as to the authority, does so at his own peril, and so, long as the matter rests there the action is not properly constituted.
In that sense it is a nullity and can be stayed at any time, provided the aggrieved defendant does not unduly delay his application, but it is open at any time to the purported plaintiff to ratify the act of the solicitor who started the action, to adopt the proceedings, and to say : i approve of all that has been done, in the past and I instruct you to continue the action. When that has been done, then, in accordance with the ordinary law of principal and agent and the ordinary doctrine of ratification, the defect in the proceedings as originally constituted is cured, and it is no longer open to the defendant to object on the ground "that the proceedings thus ratified and adopted were in the first instance brought without proper authority. " ( 3 ) MR. Kapur also refers to Notified Area Commiltte, Okara v. Kidar Nath and submits that an illegal act cannot be legalised subsequently and ratification is of no avail in case where the original act is void ab inito. That judgment is of no avail to him because it turns on the provisions of the Punjab Muricipal Act. In that case the Court held that the Municipal committee had no power to delegate its functions of deciding whether a suit should be instituted or not. It was held in these circumstances that an action brought in disregard of the provisions of the Municipal Act could not beratified. In case of this type however the matter has to belooked at purely from the view-point of principal and agent. Moreover, as I have said earlier Mr. Kapur does not depute that the plaint could be signed before the impugned, order was passed. Regarding the contention of Mr. Kapur that the ratification will not have the effect of saving the limitation it is not necessary for me to decided by the trial Court after a proper plea is raised and facts determined. ( 4 ) IN the circumstances, the revision petition must fail and is dismissed but having regard to the circumstances of the case there will be no order as to costs. Parties will appear before the trial Court on 9. 8. 65.