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Allahabad High Court · body

1965 DIGILAW 53 (ALL)

Harbir Singh v. Ali Hasan

1965-02-10

SATISHCHANDRA

body1965
ORDER : This is an application under Section 5 of the Limitation Act. It prays that the delay in filing the petition for Special leave to appeal under S. 417(3), Cr. P.C. be condoned. 2. Learned counsel for the opposite parties has contended that S. 5 of the Limitation Act is inapplicable to a petition for leave under S. 417(3), Cr. P.C. and as such the application is not maintainable. 3. Under the Limitation Act of 1908 there was a difference of opinion in the various High Courts as to the interpretation of S. 29(2) of that Limitation Act. Some High Courts including the majority of a Full Bench of this High Court took the view that the Criminal Procedure Code was not a local or special law within the meaning of S. 29 of the Limitation Act. Other High Courts held to the contrary. The Supreme Court in Kaushalya Rani v. Gopal Singh, AIR 1964 SC 260 , settled the controversy and held that S. 417(3) and (4) of the Criminal Procedure Code was a special law and that S. 29(2) did apply to petitions for leave to appeal under S. 417(3), Cr. P.C. The provisions of S. 29 of the new Limitation Act No. 36 of 1963, are, from this point of view similar to the corresponding provisions of the earlier Act. The same interpretation would be applicable to it. 4. The second point which was the centre of controversy amongst the various High Courts related to the interpretation of the word "different" in the opening part of S. 29(2), the material part whereof rims as follows :- "Where any special or local law prescribes for any suit, appeal or application a period of limitation different from the period prescribed therefor by the First Schedule. ....." 5. One set of authorities held that the word 'different' covers a situation only where the Limitation Act does prescribe a period of limitation for the particular appeal or matter, and the special or local law prescribes a different period therefor. 6. A second series of authorities lay down that in a situation where the Limitation Act does not prescribe any time limit, but the special law does prescribe a time limit to it, the special law will be deemed to be providing for a different period. The Supreme Court has settled this controversy as well. 6. A second series of authorities lay down that in a situation where the Limitation Act does not prescribe any time limit, but the special law does prescribe a time limit to it, the special law will be deemed to be providing for a different period. The Supreme Court has settled this controversy as well. In Vidyacharan v. Khubchand, AIR 1964 SC 1099 , the majority of opinion upheld the latter view; per B.P. Sinha, C.J. and Ayyangar, J. (Paragraph 5) and Subba Rao, J. (paragraphs 23 and 24). It was held that S. 29(2) would apply even to it case where a difference between the special law and the Limitation Act arose by an omission to provide for a period of limitation to a particular proceeding, by the Limitation Act. 7. Learned counsel for the opposite parties next submitted that the applicability of S. 5 of the Limitation Act is "expressly excluded." Section 29(2) of the current Limitation Act States that the provisions contained in Ss. 4 to 24 (inclusive) shall apply only in so far as and to the extent to which they are not 'expressly excluded' by such special or local law. The learned counsel urges that S. 417(4) Cr. P.C. which is the special law, expressly excludes the applicability of Ss. 4 to 24, Limitation Act. He urges that in S. 417(4) there is a clear mandate that no application for grant of special leave to appeal from the order of acquittal shall be entertained by the High Court after the expiry of sixty days from the date of that order of acquittal; and that ibis provision amounts to a direct prohibition. By condoning the delay under S. 5 the Court shall be entertaining the application after the expiry of the prescribed period and be contravening this mandatory provision. In this sense the application of S. 5 Limitation Act is said to be "expressly" excluded. The argument thus presented is, no doubt, attractive but must be negatived. In Kaushalya Rani's case, AIR 1964 SC 260 , the Supreme Court held that S. 29(2) would apply to an application for special leave to appeals under S. 417(3) Cr. P.C. This decision Implies that their Lordships did not countenance this interpretation of the phrase "expressly excluded." 8. In Commrs. In Kaushalya Rani's case, AIR 1964 SC 260 , the Supreme Court held that S. 29(2) would apply to an application for special leave to appeals under S. 417(3) Cr. P.C. This decision Implies that their Lordships did not countenance this interpretation of the phrase "expressly excluded." 8. In Commrs. of Pabna Municipality v. Nirode Sundari, AIR 1942 Cal 544, the words 'and not afterwards' in S. 535(2), Bengal Municipal Act, were held not to amount to 'express exclusion' and S. 15(2), Limitation Act was held to be applicable. The provision in S. 167, Bombay District Municipality Act 3 of 1901 that no suit shall be commenced without one month's previous notice in writing nor after six months of the date of the act complained of, was not held to amount to 'express exclusion'; S. 15(2) of the Limitation Act was held to be applicable. See Chhaganlal v. Thana Municipality, AIR 1982 Bom 259. 9. The expression "expressly excluded" is clear enough. It signifies exclusion by words. It will not mean exclusion by a process of construction or reasoning. In Vidyacharan's case, AIR 1964 SC 1099 , Subba Rao, J. observed in paragraph 27 that S. 29 speaks of express exclusion and suit though S. 116-A of the Representation of the People Act 1951 provides a period of limitation for an appeal and also the circumstance under which the delay can be excused, vet it does not amount to an express exclusion within the meaning of S. 29 of the Limitation Act. 10. In Raja Pande v. Sheopujan Pande, AIR 1942 All 429, Iqbal Ahmad, C.J. speaking for the majority of the Full Bench, held that where the special or local law was a self-contained Code in the matter of limitation the applicability of S. 29(2) is excluded. That was a case under the Provincial Insolvency Act. Sections 68 and 75 of the Provincial Insolvency Vet prescribe periods of limitation for various applications and appeals under that Act. Section 78 makes provisions of Ss. 5 and 12 of the Limitation Act applicable 1o appeals and applications under the Provincial Insolvency Art. His Lordship observed : "It is, therefore, manifest that, unlike many other "special or local law", the Provincial Insolvency Act does not stop short at merely prescribing periods of limitation, but also makes provisions for the computation of such periods and for exclusion of certain time in such computations. This, I feel, is a strong indication of the fact that the Legislature intended to make the Act a self-contained Act in the matter of "limitation" for proceedings contemplated by the Act. If the Legislature had intended that, apart from Ss. 5 and 12, Limitation Act, other sections of that Act should apply to proceedings under the Provincial Insolvency Act, one would have expected the Legislature to enumerate those sections of the Limitation Act also in S. 78. When one finds that the Legislature, in a particular statute has made provisions about the applicability of certain sections of the Limitation Act to proceedings under that statute, the conclusion is irresistible that the Legislature intended only the enumerated sections and no other sections of that Act to apply to proceedings under that statute." 11. This observation distinguishes the Full Bench case from the instant case. Section 417, Cr. P.C. provides a period of limitation for applications for special leave to appeal by a complainant. It does not speak at all of the applicability of any of the sections of the Limitation Act. It does not lay down any rules for the computation of the period of limitation. It does not provide for exclusion of time in the computation of period of limitation. This provision of the Code, therefore, cannot he characterised as a self-contained Code in the matter of limitation. Consequently no intention of excluding the application of the various provisions mentioned in S. 29(2), Limitation Act can be gathered. 12. Section 29(2) of the Limitation Act 1908 did not make the provisions of S. 5 thereof applicable. In his respect the new Limitation Act is different. It does make S. 5 applicable for purposes of determining the period of limitation prescribed by any special or local law Section 417(3), Cr. P.C. being such a special law the period of limitation prescribed by it can lie determined with the aid and assistance of S. 5, Limitation Act. 13. The preliminary objection is overruled. 14. On the merits, the facts staled in the affidavit accompanying the petition under S. 5, Limitation Act have not been controverted by any counter-affidavit. On the lace of it they make out a sufficient cause for condoning the delay. 15. The petition is allowed. The delay in filing the application for special leave under S. 417(3), Cr. P.C. is condoned. Petition allowed.