DHANI BEHERA (J. DR. ) v. SUSHIL CHANDRA PALIT (D. HR. )
1966-08-01
MISRA
body1966
DigiLaw.ai
JUDGMENT : Misra, J. - Respondent is the landlord and the Appellant is the tenant under him in respect of house situate in the city of Cuttack. In House Rent Control Appeal No. 9 of 1963 the landlord obtained an order of eviction on 59-1963 wherein the tenant was directed to vacate the house within four months. As the tenant did not vacate the house, the landlord filed the execution case on 6-3-1964. On receipt of notice under Order 21, Rule 22, CPC the Appellant filed an objection u/s 47, CPC alleging that there an adjustment of the decree on 6-11-963. The story of settlement, as stated in the objection-petition, was that the parties agreed that the tenant would henceforward pay rent regularly and continue in possession of the house as a tenant as before and the landlord would not execute the eviction order dated 5-9-1963. Without going into the merits of the objection by taking evidence, the learned Munsif dismissed the petition stating that no document showing settlement having been filed, the objection could not been accepted. Against that order an appeal was carried to the learned District Judge, who held that the alleged adjustment dated 6-11-1963 was one under Order 21, Rule 2, Civile, Procedure Code, and as the judgment- debtor did not certify the adjustment within 90 days, as required under Article 114 of the Limitation Act (Act IX of 1908) hereinafter referred to as the old Act), it was barred by limitation. In this view of the matter, he did not remand the case for going into evidence on merits whether in fact there was any adjustment as pleaded by the judgment-debtor. 2. In support of the judgment of the learned lower appellate Court, Mr. Sinha advanced two contentions: (i) The alleged adjustment, even if true, comes within the ambit of Order 21, Rule 2, CPC and the certification not having been done by the judgment-debtor within 90 days under Article 174, the objection is barred by time; and (ii) Even if the objection of the judgment-debtor pleading adjustment does not come within the ambit of Order 21, Rule 2, and is an application u/s 47, CPC Code, it would be hit by Article 174 as being barred by limitation. Both the contentions require careful examination. 3. Order 21, Rule 2, CPC reads thus: 2. Payment out of Court to decree-holder.
Both the contentions require careful examination. 3. Order 21, Rule 2, CPC reads thus: 2. Payment out of Court to decree-holder. (1) Where a my money payable under a, decree of any kind is paid out of Court, or the decree is otherwise adjusted in whole or in part toe satisfaction of the decree-holder, the decree holder shall certify such payment or adjustment to the Court whose duty it is to execute the decree, and the Court shall record the same accordingly. (2) The judgment-debtor also may inform the Court of such payment or adjustment, and apply to the Court to issue It notice to the decree-bolder to show cause, on a day to be fixed by the Court, why such payment or adjustment should not be recorded as certified; and where certification has been made by an endorsement of such payment or adjustment by the decree-holder or by any person authorised by him in that behalf upon the process issued by the Court, the Court shall issue such notice of its own motion. If after service of the notice, the decree-holder fails to show cause why the payment or adjustment should not be recorded as certified, the Court shall record the same accordingly. (3) A payment or adjustment, which bas not been certified or recorded as aforesaid, shall not be recognised by any Court executing the decree. There is conflict of authority on the question whether this Rule has application only to decrees under which payment of money is one of the reliefs granted under them, or to all decrees without any distinction. Allahabad, Bombay, Calcutta, Lahore, Patna, Nagpur, and Mysore High Courts have taken the view that the provisions of the Rule apply to every kind of decree (See Sri Ram Vs. Lekhraj, ; AIR 1922 Bom. 380, AIR 1928 Gal. 715, AIR 1936 842 (Lahore), AIR 1948 374 (Nagpur) and AIR 1963 MYS. 79). The High Courts of Madras and Andhra Pradesh have on the other ham taken the view that the Rule applies to cases where money if unable under the decree, whether there are other reliefs or not (See Narayanaswami Naidu and Others Vs. Rangaswami Naidu add Ors., and AIR 1958 AP 705 ). I am inclined to follow the Madras view. The plain language of the Rule justifies the latter view.
Rangaswami Naidu add Ors., and AIR 1958 AP 705 ). I am inclined to follow the Madras view. The plain language of the Rule justifies the latter view. The expression "where any money payable under a decree of any kind" clearly shows that the decree referred to must be one under which one of the reliefs must be for payment of money. It may be a money decree simpliciter or a composite decree under which relief for payment of money is granted. A suit for recovery of possession and mesne profits would be of one such decree. A suit for mere recovery of possession or for injunction or for both would not come within the ambit of the Rule. The words "any kind"are not wide enough to take within their sweep decrees of all kinds. The aforesaid words qualify the decree which itself is restricted by the concept that under it any money is payable. It is to be noted that the word "decree" is qualified by the indefinite article "a" in the first part of Rule 2(I) while it is qualified by the definite article "the" in the second part. The words "the decree" in the second portion of the Rule refer to the words "a decree"in the first portion of the Rule. - "The decree" in the second portion must therefore be of the same character as "the decree"in the first portion. The words "otherwise adjusted" in the Second part of the Rule is in contradistinction to the words "out of Court" in the first part of the Rule. In other words, the payment of money under a decree, in which one of the reliefs payment of money, is to be made either out of Court, or such a decree may be otherwise adjusted. For instance, the decree may be adjusted by creation of a fresh agreement between the parties whereunder the decree becomes satisfied or adjusted. If a decree of such a nature is adjusted, or the payment is made thereunder out of Court, the judgment-debtor is bound to certify such a payment or adjustment under Order 21, Rule 2, CPC Code, and the period of limitation prescribed for such certification by the judgment-debtor is 90 days under Article 174 of the Old Act.
If a decree of such a nature is adjusted, or the payment is made thereunder out of Court, the judgment-debtor is bound to certify such a payment or adjustment under Order 21, Rule 2, CPC Code, and the period of limitation prescribed for such certification by the judgment-debtor is 90 days under Article 174 of the Old Act. In this case, the decree under execution was merely for eviction: It is not a decree under which one of the reliefs is for payment of money. To such a decree Order 21, Rule 2, CPC has no application. The judgment-debtor was not required to certify the adjustment under Order 21, Rule 2. The best exposition of law as to the meaning of Order 21, Rule 2, CPC is to be found in Anjaneyulu v. Rangacharyulu AIR 1958 A.P. 705 . 4. Mr. Sinha further contended that even assuming that he objection of the judgment-debtor does not fall within the ambit of Order 21, rule, still it is barred by limitation under Article 174 of the Old Act. All questions relating to discharge and satisfaction of the decree as between the parties must be decided by the Executing Court u/s 47, CPC Code. A payment of money or adjustment of the decree relates to satisfaction of the decree. The objection, in terms, comes within the purview of Section 47, CPC Code. If Article 174 would apply to a case of such adjustment, the objection would be barred by limitation even though it does not specifically fall within the ambit of Order 21, Rule 2 and comes within the purview of Section 47. This necessitates an examination of Article 174 of the old Act which reads as follows For the issue of a not ice under the same Code, to show cause why any payment made out of Court of any money payable Ninety days under a decree or any adjustment of the decree should not be recorded as certified. When the payment or adjustment is made. On a plain reading of the article it is clear that the payment of adjustment referred to in the article is almost identical with the language used in Order 21, Rule 2 except for the words "of any kind" qualifying' the decree. The decree referred to in this article is one under which one of the reliefs must be for payment of money.
The decree referred to in this article is one under which one of the reliefs must be for payment of money. The reasons, already given wile construing Order 21, Rule 2 apply with full force to it also. Article 1741 prescribes the period of limitation for payments and adjustments coming within the ambit of Order 21, Rule 2, CPC Code. This Article has no application to case of adjustments falling outside Order 21, Rule 2. The limitation for such adjustment is three years under the residuary Article 181 of the Old Act. The position would be clear by reference to Article 125 of the Limitation Act (Act XXXVI) of 963. This corresponds to Article 174 of the Old Act. It runs thus: To record an adjustment or sat is faction of a decree. Thirty days. When the payment or adjustment is made. Thus the new Article 125 of 1963 Act has enlarged the scope of the old article. The new Article would apply to adjustment or satisfaction of all kinds of decrees irrespective of their nature or class. 5. Both the contentions fail and the judgment under appeal cannot be upheld. The case must go back to the Executing Court which should go into he merits and determine whether the judgment-debtor has established the plea of settlement. Parties should be given full opportunity for adducing evidence and the Executing Court would decide whether the alleged settlement is true and enforceable in law. The case should be disposed of within four months from today with intimation to this Court. The records of the lower Court be sent down at once. 6. In the result the affirming judgment of the lower appellate Court i; set aside and the appeal is allowed. In the circumstances, parties to bear their own costs upto this stage. Final Result : Allowed