Hardayal Hardy ( 1 ) THIS appeal is directed against an award made by an arbitrator appointed under section 7 of the Resettlement of Displaced Persons (Land Acquisition) Act 60 of 1943, bereinatter to be called the Act. The appeal winch should ordinarily have been heard by a Single Bench, was ordered by the Hon ble the Chief Justice to be placed before a Division Bench for reasons mentioned in his order dated October 26,19137 and that is how it was laid before us. "the appellant is the owner of certain land in village Basai Darapur which alongwith the land of some other owners, was acquired under Government s notification No F-l (136)48 LSG dated 1st January. 19-19 published in the Delhi State Gazette for the purpose of re-settlement of displaced persons. The project for which the acquisition of land WJ. S made is known as "the Industrial Area Scheme. "as the controversy in this case relates to the quantum of compensation the provision of the Act with which we are concerned is section 7 which lays down the method for determining compensation for the land acquired under the Act. The section provides that where the amount compensation can be fixed by agreement it shall be paid in accordance with that agreement; but where no such agreement can be reached then the Provincial Government shall appoint as arbitrator a person qualified for appointment as a Judge of a High Court. Under clause (d) both the Provincial Government and the person of the proceedings before the arbitrator what in their respective opinions is a fair amount of compensation. Clause (e) with its two provisos lays down the principles in accordance with which the compensation payable under the Act is to be determined. The clause reads :- "the arbitrator, making his award, shall have due regard to the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 23 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (1 of 1894 ). Clause (e) with its two provisos lays down the principles in accordance with which the compensation payable under the Act is to be determined. The clause reads :- "the arbitrator, making his award, shall have due regard to the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 23 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (1 of 1894 ). Provided that the market va!u3 REFERRED TO to in clause first of subsection (1) of section 23 of the said Act shall be deemed to be the market value of such land on the date of publication of the notice under section, or on the first day of September, 1939, with an addition of 40 per cent whichever is less : Provided further that where such land has been held by the owner thereof under a purchase made before the first day of April, 1948, but after the first day of September, 1936, by a registered document, or a decree for pre-emption between the aforesaid date, the compensation shall be the price actually paid by the purchaser or the amount on payment of which he may have acquired the land in the decree for pre-emption as the case may be. "sub-section (3) provides for an appeal form the award to the High Court and makes the decision of the High Court final. ( 2 ) SUB-SECTION (4) lays down that save as provided in this section, nothing in any law for the time being in force shall apply to arbitrations under this section. As there was no agreement between the appellant and the State Government the latter appointed Shri K. S. Sidhu, a Subordinate Judge in Delhi, as arbitrator who made his award on September 23,1960 whereby he fixed the compensation at Rs. 908 as against the sum of Rs. 38330/12 claimed by the appellant. ( 3 ) THE present appeal is for the enhancement of comipensation and has been filed under sub-section (3) of section?. The memorandum of appeal is stamped with a fixed court fee of Rs. 5. 25. 908 as against the sum of Rs. 38330/12 claimed by the appellant. ( 3 ) THE present appeal is for the enhancement of comipensation and has been filed under sub-section (3) of section?. The memorandum of appeal is stamped with a fixed court fee of Rs. 5. 25. ( 4 ) AT the commencement of the arguments a preliminary objection has been taken by the learned counsel for the State on the ground that the memorandum of appeal is deficiently stamped in that the appeal being against an order relating to compensation the memorandum is required to bear ad-valorem Court-fee on the amount represented by the difference between the amount awarded and the amount claimed by the appellant. In order to appreciate the objection it is necessary to look into the various sections of the Court Fees Act. Section 4 deals with fees on documents of the kinds specified therein when filed in the High Court while section 6 deals with fees on documemnts filed in mofussil courts. Section 4 is Chapter 2 which deals with fees in High Courts and Chapter 3 which contains sections 6 to 19 deals with fees in other Courts and public offices. ( 5 ) SECTIONS 7 and 8 provide for computation of fees. Section i which alone is relevant for the purpose of the arguments raised before us. . reads as under : - The amount of fee payable under this Act on a memorandum of appeal against on order relating to compensation under any Act for the time being in force for the acquisition of land for public purposes, shall be computed according to the difference between fas amount awarded and the amount claimed by the appellant. " As to what is the amount of Court fee chargeable in various cases given in Schedules I and II of the Act Schedule I deals with ad-valorem court-fee and Schedule II with axed fees. Article I of Schedule (Punjab Amendment) is a residuary Article. It runs :- "1. Plaint, written statement pleading a set off or counter clain or memorandum of appeal (not otherwise provided for in the Act) or of cross-objection presented to any Civil or Revenue Court execept those mentioned in section 3". Other Articles of Schedule I are not necessary for the purposa of this case. It runs :- "1. Plaint, written statement pleading a set off or counter clain or memorandum of appeal (not otherwise provided for in the Act) or of cross-objection presented to any Civil or Revenue Court execept those mentioned in section 3". Other Articles of Schedule I are not necessary for the purposa of this case. In Schedule ft the only Article which is necessary to be considered is Article II which provides. The contention urged on behalf of the appellant is that this case talk under Article 11 of Schedule II in that it is a memorandum of appeal in a case where the appeal is not from a decree or an order having the froce of a decree and is presented to a High Court and is therefore liable to a fixed fee of Rs. 5. 25 It is urged that Shii K. S. Sidhu was acting as an arbitrator and not as a Court. The award made by him is neither a decree nor an order having the force of a decree. ( 6 ) RELIANCE is placed by the learned counsel appearing for the appellant on a Bench decision of the Punjab High Court in Kanwar Jagat Bahadur Singh v. The Punjab State" and on a Single Bench judgment of the Bombay High Court in Hirji Virji Jangbari v. Government ofbombay ( 7 ) THE case of Kanwar Jagat Bahadur Singh is under the Punjab Requisitioning and Acquisition of Immovable Property Act XI of 1958. Assessment of compensation for property requisitioned or acquired under that Act is provided for in section 8 while section 9 dials with payment of compensation. Provision for appeals from the award is made under section II. the relevant portion of which is in these terms :- "ii. Any person aggrieved by an award of the arbitrator mada under section 8 may, within thirty days from the date of such award, prefer an appeal to the High Court within whose jurisdiction the requisitioned or acquired property is situate. "the District Judge who was appointed arbitrator under the Act had enhanced the compensation awarded to the appellant by the Collector by Rs. 53, 6/8-11-0 but the later being dissatisfied with the award had preferred TO an appeal to the High Courtunder section 11 and his prayer was for enhancement of compensation by Rs. 2, 68. 274-5-0. "the District Judge who was appointed arbitrator under the Act had enhanced the compensation awarded to the appellant by the Collector by Rs. 53, 6/8-11-0 but the later being dissatisfied with the award had preferred TO an appeal to the High Courtunder section 11 and his prayer was for enhancement of compensation by Rs. 2, 68. 274-5-0. The memo- randum of appeal was stamped with Rs. 4 under Schedule II Article 11 of the Court Fees Act. The State filed cross-objections on which they paid ad-valorem court fee. At the hearing of the appeal, the Advocate-General appearing for the State contended that the fee paid on the appeal filed by the appellant was inadequate. Learned Judges (J. L. Kapur and Bishan Narain JJ ) relying upon the judgment of Bombay High Court in Hirji Virji Jangbari v. Government of Bombay held that the award made by an arbitrator was not a decree nor an order having the force of a decree within the words used in Article II of Schedule II. On behalf of the State the learned Advocate-General relied on section 8 of the Court Fees Act and on two judgments, one of Calcutta High Court in the case of Anandalal v. harnani Industrial Bank Lid. and the other of Allahabad High Court in Debichand v. Secretary ofg State and submitted that the effect of section 8 was that in cases where an appeal was brought against an order relating to compensation under any Act for the time baing in force for the acquisition of land the amount of fee payable on a memorandum of appeal under the Court Fees Act had to be computed according to the difference between the amount awarded and the amount claimed. ( 8 ) REPELLING the objections raised by the learned Advocate-General the learned Judges held:- "the only way that the various sections and the Schedules of the Caurt-Fees Act can be reconciled is that section 8 should be confined to orders as understood in the Civil Procedure Code and that where any matter does not fall within a decree or an order having the force of a decree, the matter should be held to be covered by Article 11, Schedule II, and once we hold that. Article I of Schedule I, is excluded. Article I of Schedule I, is excluded. "the case of Hirji Virli Janbari decided by N. J. Wadia J of Bombay High Court was one of an appeal against an award for compensation made by an arbitrator under section 19 of the Defence of India Act, 1939 in respect of property acquired by Government under the provisions of Rule 75-A, Defence of India Rules 1939 An examination of the provisions relating to assesment and payment of compensation and to appeals under the Act and the Rules under dicussion in that case shows that the provisions in that case were more or less identicle with those in the case before the learned Jud"es of the Punjab High Court ( 9 ) WHILE dealing with the two cases from Calcutta and Allahabad on which reliance was placed on behalf of the Government, Wadia J. observed:- "it is to be noted however that both in the Calcutta Improvement Act (5 of 1911), under which the award in 59 Cal. 528 had been made and in the UP. Town Improvement Act of 1919, under which the award in I. L. R. (193 ) All 142 had been made there are express provisions that the Tribunals making the awards are to be deemed to be Courts under the Land Acquisition Act. Section 69, Calcutta Improve ment Act, of 1911 provides that the Board may acquire land under the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act for carrying out any of the purposes of the Act. Section 70 provides that a Tribunal should be constituted for the purpose of performing the functions of the Court in reference to the acquisition of land for the Board under the Land Acquisition Act; and S. 71 provides that for the purpose of acquiring land under the Act for the Board the Tribunal shall be deemed to be the Court and the award of the Tribunal shall be deemed to be the award of the Court under the Land Acquisition Act and shall be final. Sections 56. 57 and 58 U. P Town Improvement Act of 1919, contain similar provisions by which the Tribunal acquiring land under the Land Acquisition Act is deemed to be the Court for the purpose of the Land Acquisition Act and the award of the Tribunal is deemed to be the award of the Court under the Land Acquisition Act. Sections 56. 57 and 58 U. P Town Improvement Act of 1919, contain similar provisions by which the Tribunal acquiring land under the Land Acquisition Act is deemed to be the Court for the purpose of the Land Acquisition Act and the award of the Tribunal is deemed to be the award of the Court under the Land Acquisition Act. There is no provision in S, 19, Defence of India Act, and. in the rules made thereunder, by which the award of the arbitrator can be deemed to be an award of the Court under the Land Acquisition Act. Both these cases are therefore distinguishable from the present case. " ( 10 ) A comparisions of the relevant provisions of the two statutes with whith the learned Judges of the Punjab High Court and Wadia J. of the Bombay High Court were concerned with the provisions of the statute, with which we have to deal in this appeal clearly establishes their close identity. In a way therefore, I feel bound by the authority of the Bench decision of the Punjab. High Court, Mr. Kartar Singh Chawla learned counsel for the State however challenges the correctness of that decision and has reinforced his argument not only by reference to the two decisions of Calcutta and Allahabad High Courts cited above but also by citing several other judgments from other High Courts including two later judgments of Calcutta High Court, To these judgments may now turn for discussion. ( 11 ) THE first case to which we have been REFERRED TO is a decision of Lodge J. in Sohan Lal Bahety v. Province of Bengal. Although the case relates to an award under -section 19 of the Defence of India Act, 1939 and was decided on 11th June 1940, the judgement of Bombay High Court in Hirji Virji s case which was delivered on 11th August 1944 and was reported in AIR 1945 Bom 348 was not brought to the notice of the learned Judge at all and the counsel s arguments in the case had also proceeded mainly on the basis that temporary requisition of land under the provisions of section 19 of the Defence of India Act was not "acquisition of land" for the purposes of section 8 of the Court Fees Act, The points raised in the Bombay case were neither raised nor considered in this case. ( 12 ) AS regards the true nature of the award made under section 19, the view taken by the learned Judge was the same as in Bombay case and it was held that the award was neither a decree nor an order having the force of a decree. ( 13 ) THE next case REFERRED TO to by Mr. Chawla is Satya Charan Sur v. State of West Bengal". The case relates to an award under section 7 of the Requisitioning and Aequisition of Immovable Proprrty Act, 1952 and expressly dissents from the decision in Hirji Vlrji s case and relies upon the Judgment of Lodge J, in Sohan Lal Bahety s" case. ( 14 ) WHILE holding that the award is not a decree nor is it an order having the force of the decree and also that the award is by an arbitrator who is merely a. persona designata and not a court the learned Judge goes on to add :- "with very great respect dissent from the Judgment of Wadia J. Section 8 of the Court Fees Act does not use the expression "order" simpliciter but uses the expression "order relating to compensation under any Act for the time being in force". Underlined (herein ) by myself. That being so, there is no reason why the expression "order" in S. 8 of the Court Fees Act must be treated as an order under S. 2 (14), Civil Procedure Code" ( 15 ) THE Bench decision in Kanwar Jagat Bahadur Singh does not seem to have been brought to the notice of the learned Judge at all. ( 16 ) THE other case cited by Mr. Chawla is Srunguri Lakshminarayana Rao v. Revenue Divisional Officer Kakinana". ( 16 ) THE other case cited by Mr. Chawla is Srunguri Lakshminarayana Rao v. Revenue Divisional Officer Kakinana". It is a Bench decision of Andhra Pradesh High Court which follows the view of Benerjee J. In Satya Charan s case and expressly dissents from the decisions of the Punjab and Bombay High Courts, ( 17 ) IT appears to me that the reson which weighed with Banerjee J. in Satya Charan s case and with Manohar Pershad C. J. and Mohamed Mirza J. in Srunguri Lakshminarayana Rao s case about section 8 of the Court Fees Act not having used the expression "order" simpliciter but having instead used the expression "order" relating to compensation under any Act for the time being in force" as being decisive of the matter in favour of the application of section 8 to an appeal from the award, is fallacious. In a fiscal statute like the Court Fees Act what really matters is the charging provision of the Act under which a particular document would fall before it can be said what stamp it should bear. There is no denying the fact that the Court Fees Act is an enactment dealing with revenue and therefore no amount is leviable unless it clearly falls under the provisions of the Court Fees Act. Section 4 of the Court Fees Act prohibits the filing of any document in a High Court unless it is stamped with a fee chargeable within the Ist Schedule or II Sehedile of the Act. This section makes it clear that a document is to be charged with ties in accordance with Schedule I and II of the Act. ( 18 ) IN other words, the charging provisions are Sections 3 and 4 read with Schedules I and II. If there were no Schedules, Sections 7 and 8 themselves would be of no assistance to the State, as both of them are merely computing lections. It is under the provisions of the various Articles of the Schedules that the amount has to be determined ( 19 ) BEFORE a document can be filed in the High Court it mast bear the Court fee chargeable within the first Schedule or Second Schedule of the Act. It is under the provisions of the various Articles of the Schedules that the amount has to be determined ( 19 ) BEFORE a document can be filed in the High Court it mast bear the Court fee chargeable within the first Schedule or Second Schedule of the Act. If it is a memorandum of appeal, it must either be an appeal from a decree or an order having the force of a decree or an order which is neither one nor the other. If it is neither an appeal from a decroe nor an order having the force of a decree then it can only fall under Schedule II Article 11 It does not make the slighest difference whether it is an order one Act or another nor does it make any difference whether it is an order relating to compensation or some other matter. ( 20 ) APART from Schedule II Article, 11 there is no other provisions either in Schedule I or Schedule II which covers an order relating to compensation, no matter under which Act such an order may be. ( 21 ) SECTION 8 no doubt provides for mode of computation of Court fee on an order relating to compensation but before any question of computation of Court fee can arise the order itself must fit in the strait racket of one or the other provisions of Schedule I or II and this can only be if it is held that section 8 is confined to orders as under-stood In the Civil Procednre Code and where any document does not fall within a decree or an order having the force of and decree it should be held to be covered by article 11 of Schedule II. ( 22 ) THE last case cited by Mr. ( 22 ) THE last case cited by Mr. Chawla is a Full Bench decision of Punjab High Court in Daryodh Singh v. Union o/ India The case has no bearing on the question arising for consideration in the present case as the question in that case was whether a memorandum of appeal under lection 54 of the Land Acquisition Act in which the only dispute is as to the apportionment of compensation inter se the various claimants and not as to its quantum, has to be stamped with a Court fee stamp in accordance with the provisions of section 8 read with Schedule I Article I (ad valorem basis) or with a fixed Court fee stamp under Articla II Schedule II of the Court Fees Act. It is well settled that an order made under the Land Acquisition Act, is deemed to be a decrce and an appeal against that order is therefore an appeal from a decree. ( 23 ) THE view of section 8 taken by Wadia J. also found favour with a Division Bench of Nagpur High Court in Crown v. Chanirabhan lal There is however no discuision on the point in the judgment. ( 24 ) ON a careful consideration of the cases cited at the Bar, I express my respectful dissent frrm the decisions of Calcutta High Court in Sohun Lal Bahety and others v. Province of Bangul and Satya Charan Sur v. State of West Bengal* and with the decision of High Court of Andhra Pradesh in Srunguri Lakshminaryana Rao v. Divisional Officer Kakinana and would prefer to follow the decision of Wadia J. in Hirji Virjj Jangbari v. Government of Bombay and the Bench decision of the Punjab High Court in Kanwar Jagat Bahadur Singh v. The Punjab Stute ( 25 ) THE Preliminary Objection raised by Mr. Chawla is therefore over-ruled aad it is held that the memorandum of appeal in the present case is properly stamped in accordaiijs with Article 11of Schedule II. ( 26 ) THIS brings me to the merits of the controversy in appeal. The main contention urged by the learned conusel far the appellant is that the compensation awarded to the appellant has been determined on the basis of the market-value of the acquired land on 1st September, 1939 with an addition of 40 per cent but the said provision is ultra vires the legislature. Toe. The main contention urged by the learned conusel far the appellant is that the compensation awarded to the appellant has been determined on the basis of the market-value of the acquired land on 1st September, 1939 with an addition of 40 per cent but the said provision is ultra vires the legislature. Toe. appellant had addressed the same argument before the arbitrator on the basis of a Bench decision of the Punjab High Court in Than Singh and others v Union of India" but it was rejected on the ground that under Article 3b of the Constitution which was inserted by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1955, none of the Acts and Regulations specified in the Ninth Schedule nor any of the provisions thereof shall be deemed to be void, or ever have become void, on the ground that such ActRegulation or provision is inconsistent with, or takes away or abridges any rights conferred by, any provisions of Part III of the Constitution, and not withstanding any Judgment, decree or order of any Court or Tribunal to the contrary, each of the said Acts and Regulations shall, subject to the power of any competent Legislature to repeal or amend it, continue in farce. The Resettlement of Displaced Persons (Land Acquisition) Act, 1948 being one of the Acts mentioned in the said Schedule, the constitutional mandate therefore is that the provisos in question "shall be deemed never to have become void" and shall notwithstanding any judguaient to the contrary continue in force. The arbitrator therefore held th t the provisos continued to remain va!id inspite of the afore mentioned judgment of the Punjab High Court. ( 27 ) THE argument of the learned counsel for the appellant however fs that the view of law taken by the arbitrator is erroneous in that the Act being a pre-Constitution Act both the provisos to clause (e) of sub-section (1) of section 7 of the Act are ultra vires. section 299 of the Government of India Act, 1935 and are therefore liable to be ignored. The Act was passed by the Central Legislature in September 1948 when the powers, authority and jurisdiction of tha Legislature were governed by the Government of India Act, 1935. section 299 of the Government of India Act, 1935 and are therefore liable to be ignored. The Act was passed by the Central Legislature in September 1948 when the powers, authority and jurisdiction of tha Legislature were governed by the Government of India Act, 1935. Section 299 (2) of the Act was in the following terms :- " (2) Neither the Federal or a Provincial Legislature shall have power to make any law authorising the compulsory acquisition for public purposes of any land or any commercial or indutrial undertaking, or any interest in, or in any company owning, any commercial or industrial undertaking, unless the law provides for the payment of compensation for the property acquired and either fixes the amount of the compensation, or specifies the principles on which and the manner, in which it is to be determined"any law passed during the time when sub-section (2) of section 299 of the said Act was in force, which does not provide for payment of compensation for the property acquired has obviously to be struck down. ( 28 ) IN support of his argument, the learned counsel relies upon a decision of K. S. Narula J. in Barkat Ram v. Union of India. " where this very provision was struck down. . ( 29 ) THE quetion as to how far a provision like the one contained in the two provisos to clause (e) of sub-sectipon (1), section 7, was violative of Art. 3112) of the Constitution and was not saved by Art. 31 (5) had come up for consideration before the Supreme Court in the State of West Bengal v. Mrs. Beta Banerjeej The case before their Lordships was one under the West Bengal Land Development and Planning Act, 1948 which had been passed primarily for the settlement of immigrants who had migrated into West Bengal due to communal disturbamces in East Bengal and provided for the acquisition and development of land for public purposes including the purpose afore-said The Act provided that compensation of land acquired thereunder shall not exceed she market-velue of land as on December 31, 1946. This provision was struck down by the Supreme Court on the ground that the fixing of market value on December 31. This provision was struck down by the Supreme Court on the ground that the fixing of market value on December 31. 1946asthe ceiling of compensation without reference to the value of the land at the time of acquisition was arbitrary and could not be regarded as due compliance in letter and spirit with requirement of Article 31 (2 ). It was further held that Article 31 (2) requires that the principles which should govern the determination of the amount to be given to owner of the property must ensure that what is determined as payable must be "compensation" that is, a just equivalent of what the owner has been deprived of. ( 30 ) WHETHER such principles take into account all the elements which make up the true value of the property appropriated and exclude matters which are to be neglected is a justiciable issue to be adjudicated by the Court. The Supreme Court s judgment in Bela Banerjee s case along with some other judicial decisions interpreting Articles 14, 19 and 13 led to the enactment of the Constitution (Fourth Amendment Act, 1955, One of the important amendments made by the afore-said Act purported to withdraw the question of adequacy of compensation under Article 31 (2) from the field of judicial determination, leaving it exclusively with the Legislature. In P. Vajravelu Mudaliar v. Special Duty Collector, Madras, their Lordships gave the same meaning to the expression "compensation" occurring in Article 31 (2) as given to it in Bela Banerjee s, case in spite of the amendment of Article 31 (2) in the year 1955 as stated above. Their Lordships also held that if the compensation payable for the property acquired is illusory or if the principles prescribed for ascertaining such compensation are not relevant to the value of the property at or about the time of its acquisition or if the principles are so designed and so arbitrary that they do not provide for compensation at all. it can be said that the Legislature made the law in fraud of its powers and in such a case the question of compensation Is justiciable. ( 31 ) THIS decision was later follwed in Union of India Y. Metal Corporation of India, and Union of India v. Kamalabhai Harjivandas Parekh. it can be said that the Legislature made the law in fraud of its powers and in such a case the question of compensation Is justiciable. ( 31 ) THIS decision was later follwed in Union of India Y. Metal Corporation of India, and Union of India v. Kamalabhai Harjivandas Parekh. ( 32 ) BEAIDES the cases mentioned above, there is the case of N. B. Jecfeebhoy v Assistant Collector, Thana Prant Thana, which along with the case of Kamalabni Harjixandas Parkesh, is almost directly in point so far as the present case is concerned. In the first case, the appellant s lands were acquired for the purpose of a housing scheme pursuant to a notification issued under section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act 1894, in May 1948. Notifications under section 6 of the Act were issued in July and. August 1949 and possession of the lands was taken under section 17 in December 1949. In the course of proceedings for the ascertainment of compensation payable to the appellants both the land Acquisition Officer and the District Court, to which the matter was REFERRED TO, awarded compensation in accordance with the provisions of the Land Acquisition (Bombay Amendment) Act, 1948 i. e on the basis of the value of the lands as on January 1, 19 8 and not upon the value on the date on which the notification under section 4 had been issued. ( 33 ) ON appeal, it was held by the High Court of Bombay that though the Bombay Amending Act was hit by Article 14 it was saved by Article 31 A and that under section 299 of the Government of India Act, 1935 which governed the statute, the compensation for compulsory acquisition did not necessarily mean equivalent in value to what the owner had been deprived of. ( 34 ) OIL a further appeal to the Supreme Court it was held that ascertainment of compesation on the basis of the value ofthe Lands acquired as on 1st January 1948, and not as on the date on which the notification under section 4, Land Acquision Act 1894 was issued, in the absence of any relevant circumstance requiring the fixing of an anterior date. was arbitrary. was arbitrary. It w-is Further held that the provisions of Article 81 (2) of the Constitution and section 299 (2) of the Government of India Act, 1935 relating to compensation were pari materia with each other and in the context of tha payment or ascertain ment of compensation there was no distinction between the two provisions justifying a different interpretation of each and for giving a more restricted meaning to section 299 ( i ). ( 35 ) IT was also held that the Bombay Amending Act being void at the inception was not an "existing law" within the meaning of Article 31 (5) or Article 31-A at the date of commencement of the Constitution and could not therefore be saved by either of these provisions. It- is true that if a particular statute attracts Article 3 -A (1) (a) it cannot be invalidated on the ground that it does not comply with the provsions of Article 3-1 (2) of the Constitution namely, that the Act has not fixed the amount of compensation. But Article 31-A cannot have any bering in the context of an Act which had no legal existence at the time the Constitution came into force. It does not purport to revive laws which were void at the time they were made. ( 36 ) THE second case is under the Requisitioning and Acquisition of Immovable Property Act, 1952. The attack in that case was directed against clause (3) (b) of section which compelled the arbitrator to measure the price for acquisition arrived at under clause (a) with twice the amount of money which the requisitioned property would have fetched if it had been sold on the date of requisition and to ignore the excess of the price computed in terms of clause (a) over that in terms of clause (b ). It was held that the basis provided by clause (b) had nothing to do with Just equivalent of the land on the date of acquisition nor was there any principle for such a basis. Clause (3){b) was therefore struck down as not satisfying the requirements of Article 31 (2) of the Constitution. It was held that the basis provided by clause (b) had nothing to do with Just equivalent of the land on the date of acquisition nor was there any principle for such a basis. Clause (3){b) was therefore struck down as not satisfying the requirements of Article 31 (2) of the Constitution. ( 37 ) JUDGED in the light of the above cases, there can be no doubt that the measure of compensation adopted in the two provisos to clause (e) of sub-section (1) of section 7, of the Resettlement of Displaced Persons laid Acquisition) Act, 1948 can by no means be described as a just equivalent. As has been observed by their Lordships of the Supreme Court in Kamalabai s cse If: is common knowledge that all over India there has been a spirailing of land prices after the conclusion of the last world war although the inflation has b en greater in urban areas, specially round about the big cities than in the mofussil Land values in postwar India are many times the corresponding values before the conclusion of the last war. ( 38 ) TO fix the market-value as on 1st January, 1939 with an addition of 40 per cent and compel the arbitrator to adopt that as against the actual market-value of the acquired property when the notification under section 4 was issued on 1st January, 1949, is clearly contrary to the provisions of section 299 (2) of the Government of India Act, 1935. Boththese provisos must therefore be held to be ultra vires section 291. 1 (2} and are therefore deemed to have never been on the Stitute Book. The impugued provisos being void ab initio cannot be brought within the definition of "existing law" as contained in Article 366 (10)of the Constitution. Boththese provisos must therefore be held to be ultra vires section 291. 1 (2} and are therefore deemed to have never been on the Stitute Book. The impugued provisos being void ab initio cannot be brought within the definition of "existing law" as contained in Article 366 (10)of the Constitution. Not being an existing law, they are not saved by Article 31 (5) of the Constitution nor clause (6) of Article 31 is applicable to the Act as it was admittedly enacted more than 18 months before the commencement of the Constitution The inclusion of the Act in the Ninth Schedule also does not save the impugned provision from being declared void or from having become void because the attack against the validity of the impugned provisions is not directed on the ground of its being inconsistent with or taking away or abridging any of the fundamental rights containted in Part III of the Constitution The attack is exclusively aimed on the ground that it is ultra vires section 299 (^) of the Government of India Act, 193) and is not saved as existing Jaw after the coming into force of the Constitution. ( 39 ) THE result of the fore-going discussion is that I would accept the appeal and set aside the award of the arbitrator dated 28th September, 1960 and direct that the appropriate authority will now issue a proper notification re-appointing Mr. K. S. Sidhu or any other competent and qualified officer as arbitrator under section 7 (l) (b)oftheactto take evidence of both the parties afresh and make an award for the compensation to which the appellant may be found to be entitled in accordance with law. The appellant will also have his costs in this Court from the respondent. ( 40 ) I agree.