B. K. Muthukrishna Sakthivel Vanavarayar v. Somasundaram Mills Private Limited and Another
1973-03-30
MAHARAJAN
body1973
DigiLaw.ai
Judgment :- MAHARAJAN J. This is an appeal against the order of the learned Subordinate Judge of Devakottai, holding that the decree-holder is not entitled to execute the decree obtained by him against the second judgment debtor. The appellant, B. K. Muthukrishna Sakthivel Vanavarayar, instituted a suit in O. S. No. 178 of 1969 on the file of the Sub-Court, Coimbatore, for the recovery of a sum of Rs. 18, 650 being the principal and interest due on a fixed deposit receipt dated November 20, 1967, under which the first defendant, Messrs. Somasundaram Mills (P.) Ltd., Coimbatore, received a deposit of Rs. 15, 000 belonging to the plaintiff returnable within a period of one year ending with June 17, 1968. The plaint averred that on November 20, 1967, P. S. S. Somasundaram Chettiar, the second defendant, who was the managing director of the first defendant-company, gave a letter to the plaintiff guaranteeing payment of the amount covered by the fixed deposit receipt in the event of the first defendant failing to repay the amount due after maturity of the fixed deposit receipt, and that despite repeated demands, both the defendants defaulted to pay, whereupon the suit was filed by the plaintiff on January 31, 1969. Defendants Nos. 1 and 2 were represented by counsel and when the matter came up before the court on July 3, 1969, Thiru K. N. V. Ramani, advocate for defendants Nos. 1 and 2, made an endorsement on the plaint submitting to a decree and the learned Principal Subordinate Judge, Coimbatore, passed a decree in the following terms: "(1) That the defendants do jointly and severally pay to the plaintiff the sum of Rs. 18, 650 with subsequent interest on Rs. 15, 000 at 6% per annum from the date of suit till the date of payment of the decree amount and do also pay to the plaintiff the sum of Rs. 1, 717.75 being the costs of this suit as taxed.(2) that the defendants be and hereby are granted six months' time for payment of the decree amount." * The time for payment fixed in the decree expired on January 3, 1970.
1, 717.75 being the costs of this suit as taxed.(2) that the defendants be and hereby are granted six months' time for payment of the decree amount." * The time for payment fixed in the decree expired on January 3, 1970. Some time in January, 1970, Somasundaram Mills (P.) Ltd. filed Company Petition No. 31 of 1970 on the original side of this court praying that the compromise arrangement set out in that petition be sanctioned by the court so as to be binding on all the unsecured creditors of the company (except statutory creditors). By order dated September 15, 1970, Palaniswamy J. sanctioned the scheme of compromise entered into between the creditors of Somasundaram Mills (P) Ltd. and the other persons interested in the company. The effect of the compromise was to enable the company to pay its creditors including the depositors in stated instalments. Under the scheme of compromise the company was liable to pay the first instalment within 3 months from the date on which the High Court sanctioned the scheme, that is to say, by December 15, 1970. The decree-holder in O.S. No. 1978 of 1969 has not so far received a paisa towards his decree, either from Somasundaram Mills (P.) Ltd., the first defendant, or Somasundaram Chettiar, the second defendant. Consequently, the decree-holder got the decree transferred from Coimbatore Sub-Court to Devakottai Sub-Court and filed the Execution Petition No. 95 of 1970 for attachment and sale of the properties of the second defendant in execution of the decree obtained by him. This execution petition was filed on December 3, 1970, but was returned by the office for rectification of certain defects. After rectification, the decree-holder re-presented the execution petition on December 7, 1970. On the same day, the first and the second judgment-debtors were vigilant enough to file E. A. No. 546 of 1970, whereby they asked the court to dismiss or terminate the above execution proceeding on the ground that the scheme framed by the High Court in Company Petition No. 31 of 1970 was binding on the decree-holder as well and that the decree-holder could claim payment only in accordance with the provisions of the scheme for instalment payments.
It was further contended that the terms of the decree, which the appellant had obtained, stood modified in conformity with the terms of the payment prescribed under the scheme and that the decree must, therefore, be read in conjunction with the scheme order and as modified by the scheme order. It was also contended by the judgment-debtors that the decree-holder had absolutely no right to execute the decree for the entire amount of the decree and that the execution petition was, therefore, liable to be dismissed. This contention found favour with the learned subordinate judge, who relying upon section 391(2) of the Companies Act, 1956, held that even though the decree had been passed jointly and severally against the second judgment-debtor, he was only a guarantor, and that the decree holder was not entitled to execute the decree against him in view of the scheme sanctioned by the High Court, Madras, in Company Petition No. 31 of 1970. Section 391 of the Companies Act runs as follows : "391. (1) Where a compromise or arrangement is proposed- (a) between a company and its creditors or any class of them; or (b) between a company and its members or any class of them; the court may, on the application of the company or of any creditor or member of the company or, in the case of a company which is being wound up, of the liquidator, order a meeting of the creditors or class of creditors, or of the members or class of members, as the case may be, to be called, held and conducted in such manner as the court directs.
(2) If a majority in number representing three-fourths in value of the creditors, or class of creditors, or members, or class of members, as the case may be, present and voting either in person or, where proxies are allowed, under the rules made under section 643 by proxy, at the meeting, agree to any compromise or arrangement, the compromise or arrangement shall, if sanctioned by the court, be binding on all the creditors, all the creditors of the class, all the members, or all the members of the class, as the case may be, and also on the company, or, in the case of a company which is being wound up, on the liquidator and contributories of the company ........." * In the present case the meeting of the creditors of the company was held, at which a majority in number representing three-fourths in value of the creditors agreed to the scheme of compromise, and the court sanctioned the scheme. The scheme was no doubt framed by the company as well as by the creditors of the company. The question arises whether the benefits extended to a debtor-company under section 391 of the Companies Act can be invoked by a co-debtor of the company, for the second judgment-debtor in this case is only in the situation of a guarantor of the company against whom a joint and several decree has been granted by a competent court. There is nothing in the decree which suspends execution against the second judgment-debtor till after the first judgment-debtor had paid the whole or part of the decree amount. All that the decree says is that both the judgment-debtors shall be granted 6 months' time for payment. The moment the prescribed time terminated, both of them would become liable to pay the decretal amount, and if they defaulted, execution proceedings could be taken against them in accordance with law.
All that the decree says is that both the judgment-debtors shall be granted 6 months' time for payment. The moment the prescribed time terminated, both of them would become liable to pay the decretal amount, and if they defaulted, execution proceedings could be taken against them in accordance with law. So far as the first judgment-debtor is concerned, it being a company, and it having invoked the jurisdiction of this court under the Companies Act and entered into a compromise arrangement with its creditors, which was sanctioned by this court, it can, by virtue of section 391 of the Companies Act, interdict execution by the ordinary civil court, because section 392(1) says that: "Where a High Court makes an order under section 391 sanctioning a compromise or an arrangement in respect of a company, it- (a) shall have power to supervise the carrying out of the compromise or arrangement; and (b) may, at the time of making such order or at any time thereafter, give such directions in regard to any matter or make such modifications in the compromise or arrangement as it may consider necessary for the proper working of the compromise or arrangement." * As under section 391 of the Companies Act, what was sanctioned by the High Court would be binding on all the creditors including the decree-holder in this case. The decree-holder could not, after the sanction by the court of the scheme of compromise, pursue execution proceedings against the 1st defendant-company in the ordinary court of law. But, so far as the second judgment-debtor is concerned, he is certainly not a company entitled to invoke the benefit of section 391 or section 392 of the Companies Act. He is independently liable to pay the decretal amount because the decree granted against him is a joint and several decree. It was observed by the Supreme Court in Punjab National Bank v. Shri Vikram Cotton Mills Ltd. as follows : "We deem it necessary to observe that a binding obligation created under a composition under section 391 of the Companies Act, 1956, between the company and its creditors does not affect the liability of the surety unless the contract of suretyship otherwise provides.
As observed in Halsbury's Laws of England, volume 6, 3rd edition, article 1555, at page 771 : ' A scheme need not expressly reserve the rights of any creditors against sureties for debts of the company, as such rights are unaffected by a scheme.' It was held in In re Garner's Motors Ltd. that the scheme when sanctioned by the court has a statutory operation and the scheme does not release other persons not parties to the scheme from their obligations." * As the second judgment-debtor had entered into a contract of guarantee with the plaintiff, and a decree has been obtained by the plaintiff against him and the company jointly and severally, there is no legal embargo against the decree-holder executing the decree against the second judgment debtor. The scheme, which was sanctioned by the company court, does not release the second judgment-debtor, who is a co-debtor of the company from his obligation under the decree to pay the decretal amount. Consequently, I reverse the order of the Subordinate Judge and hold that the decree is executable against the second judgment-debtor who figured as the second petitioner in E. A. No. 546 of 1970. I direct the court below to restore the Execution Petition No. 95 of 1970 to its file and proceed with execution against the second judgment-debtor. I may note that though the judgment-debtors have been served, they have not appeared either in person or by counsel. In the circumstances, the appellant will get half the costs of this appeal.