Murlidhar Govardhandas Shah v. S. V. Kunnar and others
1982-08-31
B.A.MASODKAR
body1982
DigiLaw.ai
JUDGMENT - Masodkar B.A. J.-By this petition, the challenge is to the order made by the Joint Judge, Poona, holding that the Small Causes Court, Poona, had no jurisdiction to entertain the suit filed by the present petitioner against a tenant on the basis that he has 1/5th share in the property demised under the lease. By the impugned order, it has been found that such a suit was unentertainable by the Small Causes Court. 2. The undisputed facts are that one Govardhandas Shah held house property No. 1669, situate in Shukrawar Peth, Poona. Defendant No.1 Shri S. V. Kunnar is one of the tenants in that property. Govardhandas died leaving behind him three sons, including plaintiff Murlidhar and his brothers Chandrakant and Rasiklal and two daughters Savitaben and Lalitaben. The widow of Govardhandas by name Miratbai also died in 1967 and after her death, the three brothers entered into some sort of family arrangement on September 7, 1967 as per Ex. 47. Acting upon this arrange men), the plaintiff set up a claim to the 1/5th share of the rent against the tenant Shri Kunnar. In the first round of appeal, the question as to the necessity of impleading other brothers and sisters of the plaintiff was decided and the Court directed that they were necessary parties. One of the brothers Chandrakant under the agreement claimed fu1l rent on the basis that all the three brothers had agreed to give the house property to him and that a release deed or some conveyance deed was to be executed in his favour. As the present plaintiff would not act upon the terms, he initiated the suit for specific performance, being Special Civil Suit No. 150 of 1969. That suit was filed on June 12, 1969 to which the present plaintiff is a party. 3. In the present suit, which is filed in the Small Causes Court, the plaintiff sought to recover 1/5th share of the rent amount from the tenant without there being any agreement inter se or between the plaintiff and the tenant. The narrow question is, whether such a suit was tenable before that Court? 4. In principle, the lease is an indivisible right to enjoy the demised property, the consideration being premium or rent.
The narrow question is, whether such a suit was tenable before that Court? 4. In principle, the lease is an indivisible right to enjoy the demised property, the consideration being premium or rent. The statutory term 'rent' available in section 105 of the Transfer of Property Act historically is based on the old English concept whereunder triple essential incidents of rent were recognised, being that the same is reserved to the lessor, which would include the body of lessors and not to any stranger; that it is so reserved by appropriate words and it is not reserved for something that forms part of the demised premises. The position under the Indian Law because of the express statute is indicative that rent denotes consideration payable by the lessee. That consideration may be the premium and also the other payments. When this rent is payable as a consideration obviously it stands apart from the demised property. Ordinarily, therefore, neither the demised property nor the consideration against it is divisible. If these juridical incidents of rent are kept in view, the lessee is liable to pay the lessor or in case of more than one, to the body of lessors. The liability, thus, is indivisible like the original demise of the lease. Unless there is an agreement to the contrary or upon the implied or otherwise authority the plaintiff is entitled to lay a claim to a portion of the rent, the suit must be filed for the total consideration of the lease, i. e. the rent. Seeking a divided quantum of rent assumes that there is a division in the interest of the lease itself and unless that is either pleaded or proved, such a suit for a portion of the rent which would involve division qua the party so claiming would not tenable. The plaintiff either will have to sue for the whole body of the lessors, if he has such an entitlement, or he will have to show that there exists an arrangement under which he can claim from the tenant a divided interest out of the consideration of the lease or rent. 5. Furthermore, as the facts indicate, this is a case of joint lessors having unity of title and does not appear to be a case of joint lessors having only unity of possession.
5. Furthermore, as the facts indicate, this is a case of joint lessors having unity of title and does not appear to be a case of joint lessors having only unity of possession. It is we1l-settled that the lease by tenants in common operates as a separate demise by each of his share and the confirmation of it by others. In such a position, each co-lessor may act by separate demise to lease his own share. The present is not the case of that type wherein the plaintiff's share was separately leased out to the tenant defendant. On the other hand, it was because of the unity of title the lease was created and there had not been the division of that title. 6. Yet another principle that should inhibit the entertainment of such suit in the Court of Small Causes is the necessity to decide the question of title, its partibility and working out division of interest. As indicated earlier, the suit itself is based on the partial entitlement and seeks to divide the consideration or rent to the extent of 1/5th. Such division necessarily involves the question of title and also the working out of the division of the property. Unless this division is worked out, the plaintiff's entitlement to a given share as against the lessee cannot be effectively adjudicated upon. This position is attracted when such a suit is filed without there being any division of the property only with regard to a portion of the rent. The Small Causes Court by its very nature would not be the Court where the interest of the plaintiff could be adjudicated upon and relief against the tenant is granted on the basis of such adjudicated division of the interest. Unless the plaintiff and the other co-sharers have agreed otherwise only for a share in the rent and its recovery, the suit in the Court of Small Causes would not be tenable. . 7. This position in law clearly goes to show that the present action was unentertainable in the Court of Small Causes. The view taken by the learned Joint Judge, Poona, therefore, is correct as to-the tenability of such a suit in the Court of Small Causes. 8. No interference is, therefore, called for. Rule is discharged with no order as to costs. Rule discharged ----