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1983 DIGILAW 204 (CAL)

William Jacks and Co. (India) Ltd. v. Sumitra Sen

1983-07-21

A.K.SEN, S.N.SANYAL

body1983
Judgement ANIL K. SEN, J.:- This is a revisional application at the instance of the defendant-appellant whose application under S.5 of the Limitation Act for condoning the delay in preferring an appeal against an ex parte decree before the lower appellate court has been dismissed by the said court. The order impugned is one dt. May 11, 1983, passed by the learned District Judge, 24-Parganas in Title Appeal No. 275 of, 1982. A short point which arises for our consideration on the present revisional application is as to whether the time spent by the appellant-petitioner in unsuccessfully prosecuting an application under O.9, R.13 of the Civil P. C. against the very decree under appeal which failed on its merits can be excluded for computing the period of limitation for the appeal subsequently filed against the said decree. 2. Relevant facts are not in dispute. An ex parte decree was passed against the petitioner on May 24, 1979, in Ejectment Suit No. 87 of 1978 though the petitioner appeared in the suit to contest. On Aug. 2, 1979, the petitioner filed an application under O.9, R. 13 of he Code along with an application under S.5 of the Limitation Act. The delay in filing the said application under O.9, R.13 of the Code having been condoned, the said application was heard on its merits and on contest. It, however, failed and was dismissed on Feb. 14, 1981. An appeal therefrom also failed and was dismissed on Dec. 12, 1981. A revisional application challenging those orders also failed and was dismissed on Mar. 16, 1982. 3. In that background the petitioner preferred then appeal against the very same ex parte decree on Mar. 25, 1982, T. A. 275 of 1982 as aforesaid. Since the appeal was preferred long beyond the period of limitation (i.e. 1064 days) the petitioner filed an application under S.5 of the Limitation Act. In this application the case made out by the petitioner is that on account of mistaken advice of their lawyer they filed in application under O.9, R.13 of the Code and bona fide prosecuted the same until Mar. 16, 1982, hence that period should be excluded in computing the period of limitation for the appeal. In this application the case made out by the petitioner is that on account of mistaken advice of their lawyer they filed in application under O.9, R.13 of the Code and bona fide prosecuted the same until Mar. 16, 1982, hence that period should be excluded in computing the period of limitation for the appeal. This application was heard on evidence and he learned District Judge rejected the same on a finding that the appellant-petitioner had failed to establish their case that they pursued the remedy under O.9, R.13 of the Code upon any mistaken advice. He refused to believe lie petitioners case that such mistake could be found out only after the application had failed in three courts. Feeling aggrieved the petitioner has now moved this court challenging the said order of the learned District Judge. 4. Mr. Tagore appearing in support of his revisional application has strongly contended that the learned. District Judge should have accepted the case of the petitioner that they were prosecuting a wrong remedy upon a mistaken advice which could be detected only after the failure of the revisional application preferred against the appellate order arising out of the application under O.9, R.13 of the Code. According to Mr. Tagore in any event the period spent in prosecuting the said application is liable to be excluded in computing the period of limitation for preferring an appeal against the ex parte decree. Strong reliance is placed by Mr. Tagore on the decision of the Privy Council in the case of Brij Inder Singh v. Kanshi Ram 44 Ind App 218 : (AIR 1917 PC 156). 5. Caveat having been lodged, Mr. Banerji appearing on behalf of the plaintiff-respondent has contested the points raised by Mr. Tagpre. According to Mr. Banerji, the appellant-petitioner had alternative remedies open to him against the ex parte decree and if he had chosen one, he had done so upon his own choice and the period spent in prosecuting such a remedy cannot, be excluded if that had not failed on the ground of defect of jurisdiction or any cause of like nature. 6. We have carefully considered the points raised by Mr. Tagore. 6. We have carefully considered the points raised by Mr. Tagore. Admittedly when the petitioner suffered an ex parte decree, they had before them two remedies, viz., by way of an appeal or by filing an application for setting aside the ex parte decree on sufficient grounds being made out for non-appearance. In the present case the petitioner chose the latter remedy - may be on lawyers advice. But pursuing such a remedy cannot be said to be on a mistaken advice only because the petitioner is now being advised that an appeal should have been a more advisable remedy. Both remedies are contemplated by law and the remedy by way of filing an application under O.9, R.13 of the Code was available to the petitioner in law and hence it cannot be said to be a wrong remedy pursued on a mistaken legal advice. Hence the learned District Judge was right in his conclusion that the petitioner has not made out any case of prosecuting a wrong remedy on any mistaken advice of a lawyer. More so, when they prosecuted the same in three courts and it is difficult to believe that such a mistake could be made out only when their revisional application failed. 7. But the more important issue that has been raised by Mr. Tagore is that even assuming the position that the petitioner had been prosecuting an alternative remedy which has ultimately failed, even then the period spent in prosecuting such a remedy has to be excluded in computing the period of limitation for preferring an appeal against the very same ex parte decree. Referring to the Privy Council decision referred to herein before he has contended that if the period spent in prosecuting a review petition is to be so excluded as laid down by the Privy Council, then why not the time spent prosecuting another similar remedy order O.9, R.13 of the Code. The point thus raised by Mr. Tagore had also been raised earlier before this Court and had been decided against him reasons with which we fully agree. 8. It is settled principle now that though S.14 of the Limitation Act does not apply on its terms to an appeal, the principles underlying the same can be in evoked in aid of sufficient cause contemplated by S.5 of that Act. 8. It is settled principle now that though S.14 of the Limitation Act does not apply on its terms to an appeal, the principles underlying the same can be in evoked in aid of sufficient cause contemplated by S.5 of that Act. But one of the basic requirements of S.14 of the Limitation Act is that remedy pursued must fail on the ground of defect of jurisdiction or other causes of like nature. The words causes of like nature read in their context obviously denote that the defect must be of such a charter as would prevent the court from deciding it on its merits. Therefore, if a remedy under O.9, R.13 of the Code is available in law and when pursued had failed on its merits, it cannot furnish the basis for invoking the principles underlying S.14 of the Limitation Act. It is no doubt true that in Brij Inders case, the Privy Council upheld the view at time spent in prosecuting a review petition should be excluded in computing the period of limitation for preferring an appeal against the decree under review. But that was not done on the basis of any general principle of law laid down or enunciated by the Privy council, but it was so done because such a practice had been universally followed by courts in India and the Privy Council did not like to unsettle the same. Hence it is not possible to intend the decision of the Privy Council to cases like the present one as contended for by Mr. Tagore. This court is two earlier Bench decisions took the same view after considering the decision the Privy Council. Reference may be made to the case of Abodhbala v. Radharani ILR (1950) 2 Cal 252 and Rajendra Nath v. Kamal Krishna ILR 59 Cal 1057 : (AIR 1932 Cal 558). Though Mr. Tagore made great efforts to persuade us to differ from that view and refer it to a larger Bench, we are unable to persuade us to do so. We fully endorse the reason given by this court in its earlier decision in view of the basic requirements of a principle underlying Section 14 of the Limitation Act and were respectfully agree with the view expressed by this Court in those decisions. We fully endorse the reason given by this court in its earlier decision in view of the basic requirements of a principle underlying Section 14 of the Limitation Act and were respectfully agree with the view expressed by this Court in those decisions. That view is now shared by the Andhra Pradesh High Court vide Jokam Reddy v. Gokar Mallaiah, AIR 1977 Andh Pra 367 and there is no dissenting view so far expressed. 9. Hence the points raised by Mr. Tagore fail. The application fails and is dismissed. 10. Leave under Art. 134A of the Constitution has been prayed for and is refused. Application dismissed.