Research › Browse › Judgment

Bombay High Court · body

1984 DIGILAW 40 (BOM)

Faijulbee Hajeel & others v. Yadali Amir Shaikh Ansari

1984-02-01

M.N.CHANDURKAR, R.A.JAHAGIRDAR

body1984
JUDGMENT - R.A. JAHAGIRDAR, J.:---The facts involved in this petition are few and the point of law that arises for our determination is also a simple one. Though this civil revision application which could have been in the normal course disposed of by the Single Judge it has found its way before the Division Bench because it was thought that a judgment of a Single Judge of this Court requires a second look in the context of the amendment of section 41 of the Presidency Small Causes Courts Act, 1882, hereinafter referred to as "The Small Causes Court Act". That judgment is delivered by D.N. Mehta, J., on 5/6 February, 1981 while disposing of the Notice of Motion No. 1310 of 1980 (Chamanlal Dutta v. Jharna Ghosh)1, on the file of this Court. One would have normally thought that the point which arose in this petition has been settled finally as far as this Court is concerned by the judgment of the Division Bench of this Court in (Shiavax C. Cambata v. Sunderdas Ebij)2, 52 Bom.L.R. 381. However, in view of the large scale amendment that was made by the Bombay Legislature by substituting a new chapter, being Chapter VII in place of the Original Chapter VII of the Small Causes Courts Act, the question has to be considered afresh. 2. The respondent filed a suit, being S.C. Suit No. 6099 of 1982, in the City Civil Court at Bombay against the petitioners for recovery of possession of a room in a hut situated in Modi Compound, Ghodapdeo in Bombay. The respondent specifically alleged that he was at all material times in possession of the said room, hereinafter referred to as "the suit premises" and the petitioners dispossessed him of the suit premises on 21st October, 1982. The dispossession took place, according to the respondent otherwise than in accordance with law and, therefore, the respondent was constrained to file the aforesaid suit under section 6 of the Specific Relief Act. The suit was filed on 28th October, 1982. After narrating the circumstances in which he came in possession on 21st October, 1982. The dispossession took place, according to the respondent otherwise than in accordance with law and, therefore, the respondent was constrained to file the aforesaid suit under section 6 of the Specific Relief Act. The suit was filed on 28th October, 1982. After narrating the circumstances in which he came in possession on 21st October, 1982. He also specifically averred that the dispossession took place otherwise than in accordance with law and thereafter in paragraph 11 of his plaint he has mentioned as follows :--- "The plaintiff says that this suit is filed solely for relief under section 6 of the Specific Relief Act." The respondent prayed that the petitioners be ordered and decreed to hand over forthwith vacant and peaceful possession of the suit premises to the respondent. It may be added at this stage that in the plaint the respondent has mentioned that he came in possession of the suit premises as a tenant and at all material times he continued to be in possession of the suit premises as the tenant. 3. The petitioners resisted the suit by contending, among other things, that the suit filed by the respondent in the City Civil Court at Bombay was not maintainable in view of the provision contained in section 41 of the Small Causes Courts Act. According to the petitioners, under the said provisions namely section 41 of the Small Causes Courts Act, a suit between a tenant and a landlord relating to the recovery of possession of any immoveable property situated in Greater Bombay must be filed in the Court of Small Causes which alone had jurisdiction to entertain and try such a suit, Since, according to the petitioners, the respondent has alleged in his plaint that he was in possession of the suit premises as the tenant and that the petitioners who are the landlords had dispossessed him, the suit is essentially one between the tenant and the landlord and it is also one relating to the recovery of possession of immoveable property. In view of this fact, said the petitioners, the suit of the respondent could not be entertained by the City Civil Court at Bombay. It could only be entertained and tried by the Court of Small Causes at Bombay. In view of this fact, said the petitioners, the suit of the respondent could not be entertained by the City Civil Court at Bombay. It could only be entertained and tried by the Court of Small Causes at Bombay. The petitioners also denied the fact of dispossession; indeed they went to the extent of contending that the respondent was not in possession of the suit premises at all. 4. The learned trial Judge framed necessary issues. The first issue was relating to the jurisdiction of the City Civil Court to try the present suit. This issue was answered by the learned trial judge in the affirmative. The defendants had led before him large evidence in support of their respective contentions relating to the possession of the suit premises. After considering this evidence and after examining the same in a judgment which is unusually detailed in a suit of this type, the learned trial Judge came to the conclusion that the respondent was in possession of the suit premises and that he was illegally dispossessed by the petitioners on 21st October, 1982. A somewhat sharp contest has taken place in the Court below about the identity of the suit premises. The learned trial Judge has resolved the same by minutely examining all the material on record and coming to the conclusion that the suit premises were the one which were in occupation of the respondent and it was form those premises that the petitioners dispossessed him on 21st October, 1982. Consistent with these findings the learned trial Judge by his judgment and order dated 7th March, 1983 decreed the suit and directed that the petitioners should put the respondent in possession of the suit premises. It is against this decree that the petitioners have approached this Court under section 115 of the Code of Civil Procedure. 5. Mr. Mhamane, the learned Advocate appearing in support of this petition, has contended that the City Civil Court had no jurisdiction to try the suit which, as the averments in the plaint in this case themselves show, was between the tenant and the landlord and related to the recovery of possession from the landlord by the tenant. According to Mr. Mr. Mhamane, the learned Advocate appearing in support of this petition, has contended that the City Civil Court had no jurisdiction to try the suit which, as the averments in the plaint in this case themselves show, was between the tenant and the landlord and related to the recovery of possession from the landlord by the tenant. According to Mr. Mahamane, if the averments in the plaint themselves are to be relied upon, then it must be said that the respondent came to the Court with a specific case that he was the tenant of the suit premises and the petitioners who were the landlords dispossessed him from the suit premises Despite the law laid down by this Court in Shiavax C. Cambata v. Sundernas Ebji. Mr. Mhamane contends that in view of the amendment made in section 41 of the Small Causes Courts Act the Small Causes Court alone has jurisdiction to try such a suit between a landlord and tenant. The amendment made in 1976 in the Small Causes Courts Act has the effect of rendering ineffective section 6 of the Specific Relief Act. Mr. Mhamane also relied upon the judgment of D.N. Mehta, J., mentioned earlier in this judgment. 6. As is well known, prior to the amendment of 1976 section 41 of the Small Causes Courts Act provided for an application to be made by a licensor for obtaining possession of immoveable property from the licensee on the ground that the licence has been terminated or has been withdrawn. The proceedings were started by an application and except in certain circumstances there was no appeal provided for from an order made under section 41 of the Small Causes Courts Act. The licensor could, if he so chose, proceed to file a suit either in the High Court at Bombay or in the City Civil Court at Bombay depending upon the value of the property the possession of which was to be obtained by him. There was thus the possibility of two Courts being seized of the same subject matter and the Maharashtra Legislature thought it fit to resolve the difficulty that thus arose. Chapter VII was substituted for the original Chapter VII in the Small Causes Courts Act. There was thus the possibility of two Courts being seized of the same subject matter and the Maharashtra Legislature thought it fit to resolve the difficulty that thus arose. Chapter VII was substituted for the original Chapter VII in the Small Causes Courts Act. For the purpose of the disposal of this petition, however, we may have to take note of only section 41 in Chapter VII is as follows :--- "41(1) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Act or in any other law for the time being in force, but subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), the Court of Small Causes shall have jurisdiction to entertain and try all suits and proceedings between a licensor and licensee, or a landlord and tenant, relating to the recovery of possession of any immoveable property situated in Greater Bombay, or relating to the recovery of the licence fee or charges or rent therefore, irrespective of the value of the subject matter of such suits or proceedings. (2) Nothing contained in sub-section (1) shall apply to suits or proceedings for the recovery of possession of any immoveable property, or of licence fee or charges or rent thereof, to which the provisions of the Bombay Rents Hotel and Lodging House Rates Control Act, 1947, the Bombay Government Premises (Eviction) Act, 1955, the Bombay Municipal Corporation Act, the Bombay Housing Board Act, 1948 or any other law for the time being in force, applies." 7. Mr. Mhamane contends that the words "or in any other law for the time being in force" to be found in section 41(1) include even the Specific Relief Act and in particular section 6 of the Specific Relief Act. If this is so, then notwithstanding the remedy provided for in section 6 of the Specific Relief Act and suit between a landlord and a tenant and a licensor and a licensee relating to the recovery of possession of immoveable property situated in Greater Bombay has got to be filed in the Small Causes Court at Bombay. Before proceeding to examine the contentions of Mr. Mhamane it will be appropriate to refer briefly to the judgment of the Division Bench of this Court in Shiavax Cambata (supra). 8. Before proceeding to examine the contentions of Mr. Mhamane it will be appropriate to refer briefly to the judgment of the Division Bench of this Court in Shiavax Cambata (supra). 8. The facts of that case disclose that the defendants were the owners of a building situated at Queen's Road, Bombay, and they, through their agents dispossessed the plaintiff from a part of that building wherein he was carrying on business. The plaintiff filed a suit in the High Court praying that the defendants be directed to deliver possession of Shop No. 6 in that building to him. He had mentioned in the plaint that he was the tenant of the said shop. The learned Single Judge before whom the suit came was of the opinion that the suit being one between landlord and tenant for possession of the disputed premises was triable only by the Court of Small Causes. This view of the learned Single Judge was challenged in an appeal and the Division Bench overruled the said view. It held that despite the provision contained in section 28 of the Bombay Rent Act which bestowed exclusive jurisdiction upon the Courts mentioned in section 28 of the Bombay Rent Act to try suits between a landlord and tenant, a suit by a person who has been dispossessed from immovable property under section 6 of the Specific Relief Act could be properly entertained by a Civil Court. It was so held despite the fact that the tenant in the suit had given history and circumstances in which he had become the tenant of the suit premises. Discussing the question of law the Division Bench held as follows :--- "In our opinion, it is only when a landlord or a tenant files a suit for possession as a landlord or a tenant and in his capacity as a landlord or a tenant and relying on his title as a landlord or a tenant that it becomes a suit of the description mentioned in section 50 and section 28 of the Act. Although the plaintiff might have set out his title in the plaint, those averments were entirely unnecessary and irrelevant. It is clear that the defendants could not have raised an issue as to the plaintiff's title in the suit. He could not have contested the position that the plaintiff was not entitled to possession because he was not a tenant. Although the plaintiff might have set out his title in the plaint, those averments were entirely unnecessary and irrelevant. It is clear that the defendants could not have raised an issue as to the plaintiff's title in the suit. He could not have contested the position that the plaintiff was not entitled to possession because he was not a tenant. He could only have contested the plaintiff's claim on the simple and short ground, viz. that the plaintiff was not in possession within six months of the filing of the suit. Therefore, the issue as to landlord and tenant could never have arisen in this suit." 9. It is important to note that the Division Bench held that it is only when the party files a suit in the capacity as a landlord or a tenant that the suit falls under sections 28 and 50 of the Bombay Rent Act. If the suit were one merely for possession from a person who has illegally obtained possession then the question of the title of the party is irrelevant. The only issue that has to be decided in a suit under section 9 of the old Specific Relief Act and under section 6 of the present Specific Rent Act is only relating to the possession of the plaintiff on the date on which he is said to have been dispossessed. 10. Another decision of another Division Bench of this Court in (Pandhari Shamrao Kolhe v. Meerabai w/o Laxman Kolhe)3, 1980 Mh.L.J. 39, may be briefly noticed. In this case the plaintiff had filed a suit for possession under section 6 of the Specific Relief Act on the ground that the defendant had illegally dispossessed him. A question was raised by the defendant that he was the tenant of the immoveable property which was in that case an agricultural land. A question arose as to whether under section 124 of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands (Vidarbha Region) Act an issue should be referred to the tenancy authorities. It was held by the Division Bench that section 124 of the Bombay Tenancy Act barred the Civil Court from setting, deciding or dealing with a question which was exclusively triable by the tenancy Court. It was implicit that such a question must be involved in the suit before the Civil Court. It was held by the Division Bench that section 124 of the Bombay Tenancy Act barred the Civil Court from setting, deciding or dealing with a question which was exclusively triable by the tenancy Court. It was implicit that such a question must be involved in the suit before the Civil Court. In a suit under section 6 of the Specific Relief Act where a right to recover possession is by a person who is wrongfully dispossessed, the question of the title of either of the parties to the suit does not arise at all and, therefore, was not involved in the suit within the meaning of section 124 of the Bombay Tenancy Act. In such a case it was not necessary indeed it would be inappropriate, to refer that issue tot he relevant tenancy authorities. This view is fully consistent with he view expressed by the earlier Division Bench in Shiavax Cambata's case. 11. Mr. Mhamane, however, contends that the embargo in such a plenary language as is contained in the amended section 41 of the Small Causes Courts Act precludes the acceptance or at least the continuance of the view expressed in Shiavax Cambata's case. In Shiavax Cambata's case only sections 28 and 50 of the Bombay Rent Act were considered and in those sections the total bar that is to be found in section 41 of the Small Causes Courts Act was absent. In our opinion, despite what is contained in section 41 of the Small Causes Courts Act today the position in law as laid down in Shiavax Cambata's case is not changed. We have already noted earlier that the Division Bench significantly said : ".............it is only when a landlord or a tenant files a suit for possession as a landlord or a tenant and in his capacity as a landlord or a tenant...............that it becomes a suit of the description mentioned in section 50 and section 20 of the Act." Though one can safely proceed on the basis that section 41 specifically lays down that a suit between a licensor and a licensee or a landlord and a tenant relating to the recovery of possession of immoveable property in Greater Bombay must be filed in the Small Causes Court. Such a suit necessarily means a suit by a licensor as a licensor or by a licensee as a licensee or against such a licensor or a licensee as a licensor and a licensee. Similarly, a suit between a tenant and landlord must be between those two persons in their capacities as tenant and landlord. It is only such a suit that is covered by the provisions contained in section 41 of the Small Causes Courts Act. In a case where a person who happens to be a landlord wrongfully dispossesses a person who happens to be a tenant, the remedy provided for recovery of immoveable property, the possession of which has been wrongfully taken, in section 6 of the Specific Relief Act is not taken away by what Mr. Mhamane calls the plenary language contained in section 41 of the Small Causes Courts Act. In a case of wrongful dispossession, the remedy be held to be available to the person wrongfully dispossessed. In a suit of that type a person who goes to the Court does not do so in the capacity as a tenant, he is suing in the capacity of a person who has been wrongfully dispossessed. He is claiming possession on the basis of his previous possession of which he has been deprived by the wrongful act of the defendant. The question of title whether as an owner or as a tenant does not arise at all in a suit of that type and, therefore, naturally cannot be tried and decided at all in that suit. 12. In (Nagin Mansukhlal Dagli v. Haribhai Manibhai Patel)4, A.I.R. 1980 Bombay 123, on which Mr. Mhamane placed reliance, the plaintiff had filed a suit contending that the period for which the immoveable property had been given to the defendant as a licensee had come to an end and on that ground he was entitled to obtain possession from the defendant. The averments in the plaint showed that the defendant had continued to remain in possession of the premises despite the expiry of the licence by efflux of time. He had thus, according to the plaintiff in that case become ex. licensee of the suit premises and his possession was wrongful and illegal. The plaintiff filed a suit on the Original Side of this Court on the basis of the appropriate value of the suit property. He had thus, according to the plaintiff in that case become ex. licensee of the suit premises and his possession was wrongful and illegal. The plaintiff filed a suit on the Original Side of this Court on the basis of the appropriate value of the suit property. This Court held that by virtue of the provisions contained in section 41 of the Small Causes Courts Act a suit could only a filed in the Court of Small Causes at Bombay and the High Court had no jurisdiction to entertain the same. We do not see how this judgment can be of any assistance tot he petitioners before us. Admittedly the plaintiff in Nagindas Mansukhlal's case had gone to the Court with the case that he was the licensor of the suit premises and the defendant was the licensee, though the licence had come to an end. Both the plaintiff and the defendant in that suit fulfilled the character of the licensor and the licensee respectively. In such a case naturally it was the Small Causes Court in Greater Bombay alone that could have entertained the suit. The question of dispossession and of recovery of possession was not involved in that case at all. Mr. Mhamane relied upon the said judgment probably for drawing our attention to the fact that it was a case of an ex-licensee and even in such a case the Small Causes Court alone could have jurisdiction. In our opinion, this made no difference to the question of the jurisdiction. By the efflux of time, the possession of a licensee or a tenant does not become one of a trespasser. It is s juridical possession which has to be determined by an appropriate decree or order passed by a Court of competent jurisdiction in that regard. 13. After a careful examination of the relevant provisions of law and the earlier decisions on this subject we are of the opinion that the suit under section 6 of the Specific Relief Act which is based on the allegation of dispossession and which is for recovery of possession of immoveable property continues to be within the jurisdiction of the Civil Court despite the fact that the parties may happen to be fulfilling the character of a landlord or a tenant or a licensor or a licensee. The question of the title of the parties including the title of a tenant does not arise in such a case and will naturally not be decided in the suit. The law laid down by this Court in Shiavax Cambata's case is still valid law despite the amendment contained in Chapter VII of the Small Causes Court Act. In the light of the view which we have thus taken we are of the opinion that Chamanlal Dutta's case has been wrongly decided and it is, therefore, overruled. 14. Mr. Mhamane then made an attempt to demonstrate to us that the respondent was in possession of the suit premises is erroneous and canvassed that it should be set aside. This is a petition under section 115 of the Code of Civil Procedure. We do not see how a finding that the respondent was in possession of the suit premises could be said to be erroneous or could be said to disclose such an error leading to an error of jurisdiction inviting interference by this Court under section 115 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The question as to whether a person is or was in possession of certain immoveable property is essentially a question of fact and any decision given not he same cannot naturally be amenable to the jurisdiction of this Court under section 115 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Mr. Mhamane quarrelled with the finding given by the trial Judge relating to the identity of the property. With his assistance we have gone through the judgment but we are unable to find any error, let alone an error of jurisdiction, committed by the learned trial Judge while giving the finding not he title of the property. Thus, there is no merit in the complaint of Mr. Mhamane that the findings relating to the possession and title of the property are erroneous or are liable to be set aside in this petition. In the result, this petition must fail. Rule is discharged with costs. -----