S. B. MAJMUDAR, J. ( 1 ) IN this petition under Arts. 226 and 227 of the Constitution of India which is in substance one under Art. 227 of the Constitution the petitioner National Dairy Development Board has sought intervention of this Court for quashing and setting aside the award. Part-I dated 4/05/1984 passed by the Industrial Tribunal Ahmedabad in Reference (I. T.) No. 645 of 1980. The industrial dispute between the petitioner Board and its workmen represented by the respondent Union came to be referred for adjudication of the Industrial Tribunal Ahmedabad by the appropriate Government under s. c. 10 (1) (d) of the Industrial Disputes Act 1947 The said dispute pertained to the demand of the workmen for payment of the bonus for the year 1979-80 at 20%. The contention of the petitioner Board was that it is not liable to pay any bonus to the workmen and that the provisions of the Payment of Bonus Act 1965 were not applicable to the petitioner Board in view of sec. 32 (iv) as well as sec. 32 (v) (c) of the Payment of Bonus Act 1965 The petitioner Board therefore requested the Industrial Tribunal to frame appropriate preliminary points and decide them first before going into the merits of. the dispute between the parties. The request of the Board was accepted by the Industrial Tribunal. It decided the preliminary issues raised by the petitioner Board after hearing the petitioner as well as the workmen and after permitting both the sides to lead relevant evidence in support of the respective cases of the parties on these preliminary issues. The petitioner Board raised three preliminary objections as under (I) that the petitioner Board was a research and education institution of National importance and not an industry within the meaning of sec. 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act 1947 (II) that the petitioner Board is an industry carried on by or under the authority of any department of the Central Government and so it was exempt from the provisions of the Bonus Act by virtue of the provisions of sec. 32 (iv) of the Payment of Bonus Act 1965 (III) that the petitioner Board was also exempt from the provisions ct Payment of Bonus Act 1965 in view of sec. 32 (v) (c ). 32 (iv) of the Payment of Bonus Act 1965 (III) that the petitioner Board was also exempt from the provisions ct Payment of Bonus Act 1965 in view of sec. 32 (v) (c ). THESE preliminary objections were overruled by the Industrial Tribunal and the Tribunal gave detailed reasons for overruling these preliminary objections. This culminated into the impugned award Part I which has been challenged before this Court. This petition earlier reached admission hearing before P. S. Poti C. J. (as he then was) and A. S. Qureshi J. By their order dated 16/10/1984 this Court kept this petition pending on the file of the Court awaiting ultimate decision of the Tribunal on merits of the controversy between the parties. It was observed that the only question that the Industrial Tribunal will be no. concerned will be the question of bonus for the year 1979 which if the Industrial Tribunal so decides could be finally settled within twos months from the date of the earlier order of this Court viz. 16/10/1984. Accordingly this petition was kept pending awaiting the finding of the Industrial Tribunal on merits. The are how told that the final decisions has been reached by the Industrial Tribunal and which according to Mr. N. J. Mehta awards minimum bonus for the concerned year. It is in this background that this petition was further heard at the admission stage before us. ( 2 ) MR. V. B. Patel the learned counsel appearing for the petitioner raised the following contentions in support of the petition: (I) that the petitioner Board is exempt from the provisions of the Payment of Bonus Act 1965 in view of sec. 32 (iv); (II) that the petitioner Board is exempt from the provisions of the payment of Bonus Act 1965 also in view of sec. 32 (v) (c) ( 3 ) WE have also heard Mr. N. J. Mehta the learned counsel for the respondent Union who has filed caveat in the present proceedings. Having heard the learned counsel of both the sides we have come to the conclusion that there is no merit in any of the two contentions canvassed by Mr. Patel in support of the petition. ( 4 ) BEFORE we proceed to deal with these contentions we may mention that our intervention is invoked under Art. 227 of the constitution. Having heard the learned counsel of both the sides we have come to the conclusion that there is no merit in any of the two contentions canvassed by Mr. Patel in support of the petition. ( 4 ) BEFORE we proceed to deal with these contentions we may mention that our intervention is invoked under Art. 227 of the constitution. It is now well settled that even if two views are possible on any question decided by the Tribunal below this Court would not be entitled to interfere under Arts. 226 227 of the Constitution vide Satyanarayan Laxminarayan Hegde and others v. Mallikarjun Bhavanappa Tirumale AIR 1960 S. C. 137. It was held in that case:"an error which has to be established by a long drawn process of reasoning on points where there may conceivably be two opinions can hardly be said to be an error apparent on the face of the record. Where an alleged error is far from self-evident and if it can be established it has to be established by lengthy and complicated arguments such an error cannot be cured by a writ of certiorari according to the rule governing the powers of the superior court to issue such a writ"it was further held that:". . the alleged error in the judgment of the Bombay Revenue Tribunal namely that an order for possession should not be made unless a previous notice required by S. 14 of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act 1948 had been given was not an error apparent on the face of the record so as to be capable of being corrected by a writ of certiorari". In the latest decision reported in the case of Mohd. Yunus v. Mohd. Mustaqim and other. AIR 1984 S. C. 38. Sen. J. speaking for the Supreme Court has laid down the limited contours of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under Constitution of India as under:"a mere wrong decision without anything more is not enough to attract the jurisdiction of the High Court under Art. 227. The supervisory jurisdiction conferred on the High Courts under Art. 227 of the Constitution is limited to seeing that an inferior Court or Tribunal functions within the limits of its authority and not to correct an error apparent on the face of the record much less an error of law. The supervisory jurisdiction conferred on the High Courts under Art. 227 of the Constitution is limited to seeing that an inferior Court or Tribunal functions within the limits of its authority and not to correct an error apparent on the face of the record much less an error of law. In exercising the supervisory power under Art. 227 the High Court does not act as an Appellate Court or Tribunal. It will not review or reweigh the evidence upon which the determination of the inferior court or tribunal purports to be based or to correct errors of law in the decision". CONSEQUENTLY in the Sight of the aforesaid decision and the limited scope of the present proceedings we have to examine the two contentions canvassed before us by Mr. Patel. ( 5 ) SO far as the first contention of Mr. Patel is concerned sec. 32 of the Payment of Bonus Act 1965 lays down various exceptional cases in which the provisions of Payment of Bonus Act would not apply to the industries or the establishments covered by these exceptions. So far as the petitioner Board is concerned the exception engrafted in sec. 32 (iv) has been pressed into service in support of the contention raised by Mr. Patel. It reads as under:" Nothing in this Act shall apply to - (iii) employees employed by an establishment engaged in any industry carried on by or under the authority of any department of the Central Government. . . . . . . . "placing reliance on the Memorandum of Association and rules and regulations of the Board. Mr. Patel submitted that the petitioner Board though all autonomous body is really working as a limb of the Central Government Therefore. it is engaged in an industry carried on by or under the authority of any department of the Central Government viz. the agricultural Ministry and therefore it has qualified for exemption under sec. 39 (iv) of the Act. this objection has been considered in details by the Industrial Tribunal in paragraphs 8 to 19 of the judgment. We have carefully gone through the reasons given by the Tribunal for repelling this contention as found in these paragraphs of the judgment. We entirely agree with the reasons given by the Tribunal for overruling this objection. Findings reached by the Tribunal on this abjection are well borne out on the record of the case. We have carefully gone through the reasons given by the Tribunal for repelling this contention as found in these paragraphs of the judgment. We entirely agree with the reasons given by the Tribunal for overruling this objection. Findings reached by the Tribunal on this abjection are well borne out on the record of the case. It is true that this petitioner Board has been constituted to cater to the diverse objectives mentioned in paragraph 3 of the Memorandum of Association. It is also true that the activities of file Board are also being carried out subject to the directions issued by the Central Government from time to time. However the fact remains that it is an autonomous body registered under the provisions of the Societies Registration Act 1860 and as a charitable trust under the Bombay Public Trust Act 1950 and it is governed by its own Memorandum of Association. It is not as if that it is a department of the Government. ( 6 ) THE Tribunal in paragraph 5 of the impugned judgment has discussed in details the diverse commercial and industrial activities carried out by the Board throughout the country. Annual reports of the Board for last number of years clearly bring out this position. It will be profitable to extract the relevant contents of paragraph 5 as under: A"as seen from the annual reports the major activities of the Board cover project planning project implementation management information and economic analysis manpower development research and development and procurement of equipment and supplies. Project planning includes feasibility studies and engineering planning. In the annual report for 1977-78 it has been stated at page 17 that the engineering division at the Boards Head Office is responsible for planning new dairy and cattle feed plants. During 1977-78 the Board has worked on the plans and designs of 4 feeder dairies 5 feeder balancing dairies 5 liquid milk plants 11 cattle feed plants 16 chilling centres and 2 food storage projects. The Board has created the Indian Machinery Company to strengthen its services visa-avis design and manufacture of dairy equipment. An assembly shop was established at Vithal Udyognagar Industrial Estate. The shop is equipped with basic machine tools welding equipment etc. (See page 20 of annual report of 1977-78 ). The Board has created the Indian Machinery Company to strengthen its services visa-avis design and manufacture of dairy equipment. An assembly shop was established at Vithal Udyognagar Industrial Estate. The shop is equipped with basic machine tools welding equipment etc. (See page 20 of annual report of 1977-78 ). During 1977-78 the Board had worked on the execution of 10 feeder balancing centres 6 cattle feed plants 7 liquid milk plants 16 chilling centres 1 slaughter house and 2 godowns and cold stores (See pages 21 and 22 ). In June 1976 Shrikhand a milk product and Chaisathi a tea enricher were launched under the brand name (property of the Indian Dairy Corporation) has been licensed to the Baroda Dairy for manufacture of projects under it". DURING 1978-79 also the Board has worked on plants and designs of several dairy plants cattle feed plants chilling centres etc. details of which are given on pages 20 and 21 of the report. Details of the work done on execution of projects are given on pages 22 23 and 24. The annual report for 1979-80 shows that action was initiated to set up a separate sugam unit adjacent to the Baroda Dairy to manufacture and market a wider range of higher margin and socially oriented products. This unit will be managed by the Board for a period of 8 years before it is handed over to the Baroda Dairy as a viable entity. The report for 1981-82 shows that on Dussehra Day the Sugam Dairy launched the marketing of Gulab Jamun in Baroda (page 5 of 1982 63 tonnes of Gulab Jamun were sold ). (Sec page 21 of annual report for 1981-88 ). It is also seen that 572 tonnes of Shrikhand were sold in 1981-82. The Board also manages through a management committee the paper laminating plant project at Itola near Baroda (See p. 22 ). This plant 15 a highly sophisticated printing plant using the most modern equipment to provide the specially treated leakage proof paper for packing long life milk". THE Board had assumed responsibility for management of the Sabarmati Ashram Gaushala in July 1973 for a period of 20 years. The Delhi Mother Dairy Patna Dairy Project and the Calcutta Mother Dairy are managed by the Board. THE Board had assumed responsibility for management of the Sabarmati Ashram Gaushala in July 1973 for a period of 20 years. The Delhi Mother Dairy Patna Dairy Project and the Calcutta Mother Dairy are managed by the Board. An oil seeds and vegetable oil project was initiated by the Board and an oil seeds and vegetable oil wing was established in 1977. It aims at restricting the oil seeds and vegetable oil sector by bringing about changes in the production and marketing of oilseeds and vegetable oil on the lines of Operation Flood The Board assumed interim management of the Bhavnagar Vegetable Products (In liquidation) by an order of the High Court of Gujarat in December 1977 (See page 50 of the annual report for 1978-79 ). The Board also organises training programmes for giving training in dairying and related fields. An amount of Rs. 12 99 922 has been shown as training fees for 1981-82 as against Rs. 13 3 523 for 1980-81. It also handles the procurement of equipment and supplies needed for the various projects. The accounts for 1981-82 show that service charges received by the Board during the year were Rs. 2 44 29 289 as against Rs. 1 78 32 631 in 1980-81. The total staff strength inclusive of professionals of the Board which was 39 in 1969 has increased to 1189 in 1982 (See page 11 of annual report for 1981-82)". IT is therefore obvious that the petitioner Board carries on diverse commercial and industrial activities as per its own articles and bye-laws as a separate juristic person. ( 7 ) A pari materia phrase like the phrase under the authority of any department of the Central Government as employed by sec. 32 (iv) of the Payment of Bonus Act Carne to be interpreted by the Supreme Court in the case of Heavy Engineering Mazdoor Union v. State of Bihar and others reported in AIR 1970 S. C. 82. In that decision the Supreme Court was concerned with the interpretation of the clause industry carried on under the authority of the Central Government as found in sec. 2 (a) of the Industrial Disputes Act. 1947. In that decision the Supreme Court was concerned with the interpretation of the clause industry carried on under the authority of the Central Government as found in sec. 2 (a) of the Industrial Disputes Act. 1947. Shelat J. speaking for the Supreme Court in the aforesaid decision made the following pertinent observations in paragraphs 4 and 5 of the report:"there being nothing in S. 2 (a) to the contrary the word authority must be construed according to its ordinary meaning and therefore must mean a legal power given by one person to another to do an act. A person is said to be authorised or to have an authority when he is in such a position that he can act in a certain manner without incurring liability to which he would be exposed but for the authority or so as to produce the same effect as if the person granting the authority had for himself done the act. There clearly arises in such a case the relationship of a principal and an agent. The words under the authority of mean pursuant to the authority such as where an agent or a servant acts under or pursuant to the authority of his principal or master". It has been further observed in the said decision as under;the question whether a corporation is an agent of the State must depend on the facts of each case. Where a statute setting up a corporation so provides such a corporation can easily be identified as the agent of the State. In the absence of a statutory provision however a commercial corporation acting on its own behalf even though it is controlled wholly or partially by a Government department will be ordinarily presumed not to be a servant or agent of the State. the tact that a minister appoints the members or directors of a corporation and he is entitled to call for information to give directions which are binding on the directors and to supervise over the conduct of the business of the corporation does not render the corporation an agent of the Government". IN view of the aforesaid decision of the Supreme Court it is obvious that before an industry can be said to have been run under the authority of the Central Government or the department of the Central Government. IN view of the aforesaid decision of the Supreme Court it is obvious that before an industry can be said to have been run under the authority of the Central Government or the department of the Central Government. it must be shown that the said industry is run by an authority which is acting as an agent of the Central Government or its department as the case may be. ( 8 ) ON the facts of the present case it is impossible to hold that the petitioner Board which is an autonomous authority governed by its own bye-laws and regulations is acting as an agent of any of the departments of the Central Government. Consequently it must be held that the petitioner Board is not running any industry under the authority of the department of the Central Government. It is also pertinent to note that in Heavy Engineering Mazdoor Unions case (supra) the extent of the control exercised by the Central Government on the working of Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd. Ranchi which was company incorporated under the Companies Act 1956 was more rigorous and vigorous as compared to the control which the Central Government Agricultural Department is expected to exercise over the working of the petitioner Board. In paragraph 5 of the report Shelat J. speaking for the Supreme Court observed that It is true that besides the Central Government having contributed the entire share capital extensive powers are conferred on it including the power to give directions as to how the company should function the power to appoint directors and even the power to determine the wages and salaries payable by the company to its employees. But these powers are derived from the companys memorandum of association and the articles of association and not by reason of the company being the agent of the Central Government. Despite these circumstances it was held that Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd. Ranchi was not an agent of the Central Government. ( 9 ) ON the facts of the present case looking to the memorandum of association and articles of association of the petitioner Board it becomes at once clear that the extent of the control exercised by the Central Governments agricultural department in the working of the petitioner Board is not that extensive as in the case of Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd. Ranchi. Consequently the ratio of the decision of the Supreme Court holding the said company not to be an agent of the Central Government and therefore not covered by the provisions of sec. 2 (a) of the Industrial Disputes Act 194 would apply with greater vigour to the facts of the present case and therefore it must be held that the petitioner Board is not running any industry under the authority of either the Central Government or any of its departments. In paragraph 11 of the award the Industrial Tribunal has rightly held that:"the constitution powers and functions of the Board are provided in its memorandum of association and rules and regulations. The Board as discussed earlier has a separate existence and it is juristic person which can sue and be sued. The Board cannot be considered as an agent or servant of the Central Government. Further the Board has been registered under the Bombay Public Trusts Act 1950 We are also in entire agreement with the reasoning of the learned Member of the Tribunal following the ratio of the decision of Kerala High Court in the case of the Indian Naval Canteen Board v. Industrial Tribunal Ernakulam and another 1965 (II) L. L. J. 366 holding that a trust functions on its own. It is a legal entity and there would be no direct nexus between the activity carried on by such that and the Central Government. Such a nexus would obviously not exist when the trust is registered as a separate entity and the trustees have legal title to the trust properties". ( 10 ) RELIANCE placed by Mr. Patel the learned counsel for the petitioner on the ratio of the decision of the Bombay High Court in the case of Shamsuddeen Abdul Rahim and another v. National Dairy Development Board Anand and others 1984 (1) L. L. J. 496 also is of no assistance to him. The said decision was rendered entirely in a different context. The question before the Bombay High Court was whether the petitioner Board was an instrumentality of the State within the meaning of Art. 12 of the Constitution of India. The said decision was rendered entirely in a different context. The question before the Bombay High Court was whether the petitioner Board was an instrumentality of the State within the meaning of Art. 12 of the Constitution of India. It is now well settled that for deciding whether an institution is a limb of the State or is other authority governed by the provisions of Art. 19 of the Constitution of India it is to be shown that the authority concerned discharges functions which the State could have discharged and could include not only regal functions but even commercial functions. The said test would naturally not apply for deciding the question as per the special language of sec. 32 (iv) of the Payment of Bonus Act 1965 as to whether the petitioner Board is carrying on an industry as an agent of the Central Government or any of its department. For deciding that question the ratio of the decision of the Supreme Court in Heavy Engineering Mazdoor Unions ease (supra) would squarely apply as seen above. Mr. Patels submission that the Board is an alter ego of the Central Government is also of no assistance as the observations made in the case of Mellenger and another v. New Brunswick Development Corporation. reported in (1971) 2 All E. R. 593 cannot be pressed in service to buttress the present contention on behalf of the petitioner as it stands squarely answered against the petitioner by the decision of the Supreme Court in the case of Heavy Engineering Mazdoor Union (supra) which has interpreted an identical provision like see. 32 (iv) of the Payment of Bonus Act 1965 as found in sec. 2 (a) of the Industrial Disputes Act 1947 ( 11 ) WE may also refer to the latest decision of the Supreme Court in the case of Rashtriya Mill Mazdoor Sangh Nagpur v. The Model Mills Nagpur and another AIR 1984 S. C. 1813. D. A. Desai J. speaking for the Supreme Court had an occasion to consider the scope and ambit of sec. 32 (iv) of the Payment of Bonus Act 1965 The said question arose in the context of the appointment of an authorized controller under sec. 18-A on the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act 1951 for Model Mills Nagpur. D. A. Desai J. speaking for the Supreme Court had an occasion to consider the scope and ambit of sec. 32 (iv) of the Payment of Bonus Act 1965 The said question arose in the context of the appointment of an authorized controller under sec. 18-A on the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act 1951 for Model Mills Nagpur. The management of the said Mill tried to repel the claim of the workers for bonus by placing reliance on sec. 32 (iv) of the Payment of Bonus Act. It was submitted that because of the appointment of authorized controller for the Mills the establishment became one engaged in an industry carried on by or under the authority of the Department of the Central Government. In the first instance the High Court of Bombay accepted the contention of the management and repelled the claim of the workmen for bonus. The Supreme Court in the aforesaid case reversed the Bombay High Court decision and held that sec. 32 (iv) did not apply and the employees of the Mills were not excluded from the operation of the Payment of Bonus Act as the Mills company cannot be said to be an industry which is carried on by or under the authority of the Central Government. Considering the wordings of the clause industry carried on by or under the authority of any department of the Central Government as found in sec. 32 (iv) the following pertinent observations were made by D. A. Desai J. speaking for the Supreme Court:"can it then be said that on the issue of a notified order appointing an authorized controller the industrial undertaking is engaged in the industry carried on under the authority of the department of the Central Government. The expression under the authority of any department of the Central Government would in ordinary parlance mean that the department is directly responsible for the management of the industrial undertaking. This responsibility may cover amongst others financial responsibility as well. Power to regulate management or control the management is entirely distinguishable from the power to run the industry under the authority of the department of the Central Government. The substitution of the management ordered under sec. 18-A does not tantamount to the industrial undertaking being taken over by the department of the Central Government. Power to regulate management or control the management is entirely distinguishable from the power to run the industry under the authority of the department of the Central Government. The substitution of the management ordered under sec. 18-A does not tantamount to the industrial undertaking being taken over by the department of the Central Government. Nor could it be said to be run under the authority of the department of the Central Government. In fact as the authorised controller enjoys all the powers of directors conferred by the relevant provisions of the Companies Act he can exercise that power subject of course to any restriction or limitation on his power specified in the notified order or under the general supervision of the Central Government. But this power is subject to the in built limitation that it can be exercised for regulating the management of the industrial undertaking. Neither its identity nor its ownership is affected in any manner. This change in personnel of management of the industrial undertaking for a specified period can never make the industrial undertaking one engaged in an industry carried on under the authority of the Central Government. On a pure grammatical construction the expression establishment engaged in an industry carried on under the authority of the department of the Central Government cannot take in one in respect of which the Central Government in exercise of the power conferred by IDR Act directed a change of management". IN the aforesaid decision the earlier Supreme Court judgment in the case of Heavy Engineering Mazdoor Union (supra) was also cited with approval and was followed. The aforesaid latest decision of the Supreme Court therefore takes a view on the interpretation of sec. 32 (iv) which squarely answers the first contention of Mr. Patel against the petitioner. The first contention therefore stands rejected. ( 12 ) SO far as the next contention of Mr. patel was concerned his objection was that in any case the petitioner Board can be said to be an institution established for carrying on activities on no profit no loss basis and therefore it would earn the exemption under sec. 32 (v) (c) of the Payment of Bonus Act. Even this contention cannot sustained in view of voluminous evidence brought on the record of the case and discussed in detail by the learned Member of the Tribunal. 32 (v) (c) of the Payment of Bonus Act. Even this contention cannot sustained in view of voluminous evidence brought on the record of the case and discussed in detail by the learned Member of the Tribunal. The Tribunal has considered this contention in paragraph 16 of the judgment. We entirely concur with the finding recorded by the Tribunal on this aspect therein. It is true that in the memorandum of association of the petitioner Board amongst the various objects of the Board enumerated in clause 3 thereof an item (p) it has been provided that the Board is to sponsor promote manage set up acquire construct or instal any plant or works which directly or indirectly promotes or advance projects of general public utility (not involving any activity for profit) relating to dairying animal husbandry food and agriculture fisheries and cold storage and to make recommend submit and draw plans schemes and reports for such projects and to provide for detailed implementation and execution of such projects including dealing with surplus if any accidentally arising from such activities. . . . . And so far as the activities covered by this sub-clause is concerned the Board is enjoined to carry on these activities which should not permit any profit generating activity. However these are various other clauses in the object clause 3 ranging from (a) to (o) and (q) and (r) which entitle the Board to carry on various commercial activities which would naturally earn profit for the Board. We may mention at this stage that one of these objects enumerated in clause 3 (b) permits the Board to provide for consultancy service to any dairy. As per clause 13 of the Memorandum of Association the Executive Committee amongst others is directed to discharge various functions mentioned in sub-clauses (a) to (g) of clause 13. At clause 13 (c) is found direction to the Executive Committee to charge fees for services rendered. That would obviously include the various services which the Board is expected to render to various dairies and allied industries as enjoined by diverse clauses from (a) to (o) and (q) and (r) mentioned in clause 3 of the Memorandum of Association. Such activities carried on for commercial purposes would bring profits to the Board. That would obviously include the various services which the Board is expected to render to various dairies and allied industries as enjoined by diverse clauses from (a) to (o) and (q) and (r) mentioned in clause 3 of the Memorandum of Association. Such activities carried on for commercial purposes would bring profits to the Board. We may also mention clause 28 of the Memorandum of Association which provided that If on the dissolution of the Board there shall remain after the satisfaction of its debts and liabilities and property the same shall not be paid to and distributed among the members of the Board or any of them but shall be transferred to the Government of India to be utilised by it in such manner as it thinks fit. Thus the Memorandum of Association itself contemplates that there is possibility of large assets emerging during the functioning of the Board and which are contemplated to be dealt with in the eventuality of the dissolution of the Board in the manner as provided in clause 28 of the Memorandum of Association. Clause 5 of the Memorandum also becomes relevant for the present purpose. It reads as Under:-THE income and property of the Board howsoever derived shall be applied towards the promotion of the objects set forth in the Memorandum of Association subject nevertheless in respect of the expenditure of grants made by the Government of India may lay down from time to time. No portion of the income and the property of the Board shall be paid or transferred directly or indirectly by way of the dividends bonus or otherwise howsoever by way of profit or to any of them or to any person claiming through them or any of them provided that nothing herein contained shall prevent the payment in good faith of remuneration to any members thereof or other persons in return for any service rendered to the Board or for travelling allowance halting allowance and other similar charges". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EVEN this clause contemplates the possibility of profit called surplus emerging as a result of diverse activities of the Board. It is true that these profits are not to be distributed amongst the members; but that injunction only would deal with the mode of distribution of profits and their utilization. . . . . . . . . . . EVEN this clause contemplates the possibility of profit called surplus emerging as a result of diverse activities of the Board. It is true that these profits are not to be distributed amongst the members; but that injunction only would deal with the mode of distribution of profits and their utilization. That will have nothing to do with the moot question with which we are concerned as to whether the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Board indicated that the Board is an institution which is established not for the purpose of profit fit as required by sec. 32 (v) (c) of the Payment of Bonus Act. On the facts of this case it has to he held that the petitioner Board is not an institution established not for the purpose of profits. The Tribunal has noted that the annual reports of the Board produced on the record show that the excess of income over expenditure was 11 82 480 in 1977-78 including Rs. 1 lac transferred to general reserve; Rs. 1 81 826 in 1978-79 Rs. 8 58 357 in 1979-80 and Rs. 16 3 530 in 1981-82. The general reserves as on 31/03/1982 are Rs. 53 lacs. Even in the final award passed by the Tribunal overruling the preliminary objections it has been found that sufficient profit has emerged out of the working of the Board over years. the Tribunal has also noted that the Board is of course established for the benefit of the community at large but its act vities set out in the judgment are such that it cannot be said that they are run not on commercial basis. Apart from grants. the Board receives income by way of technical service fees for feasibility studies training fees and also royally. The rules enable it to make investments. Under these circumstances it must be held that there is overwhelming evidence on record of this case to show that the petitioner Board is not one of the institutions which is established as contemplated by sec. 32 (v) (c) of the Payment of Bonus Act meaning thereby that it is not an institution established not for the purpose of profit. We entirely concur with the finding reached by the Tribunal on this aspect. Consequently the second contention canvassed by Mr. Patel therefore is rejected. 32 (v) (c) of the Payment of Bonus Act meaning thereby that it is not an institution established not for the purpose of profit. We entirely concur with the finding reached by the Tribunal on this aspect. Consequently the second contention canvassed by Mr. Patel therefore is rejected. ( 13 ) THESE were the only contentions raised by Mr. Patel and as they fail the petition fails and is summarily rejected. (KRV) (Rest of the judgment is not material for the reports.) petition dismissed. .