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1989 DIGILAW 381 (KAR)

C. R. NARASIMHA SETTY v. CANARA BANK

1989-10-24

D.P.HIREMATH

body1989
HIREMATH, J. ( 1 ) THE undisputed facts are that a tempo vehicle bearing Registration No. CAA 3842 was purchased by the plaintiff-appellant under a hire-purchase agreement with respondent-1 Canara Bank having taken a loan of Rs. 56,000/ -. The said loan with interest thereon was discharged by the time the suit came to be filed and the plaintiff, according to the Bank, still owed Rs. 3,694-90 towards seizure charges, ground rent charges and other expenses. The said vehicle was seized on 26-11-1988 by respondent-1 Bank towards realisation of the amount due to it under the hirepurcha. se agreement. Plaintiff- appellant filed the suit for declaration that the seizure of the vehicle was withoul jurisdiction, void and for consequential orders for redelivcry of the vehicle and further consequential order under Section 20 of the Hirepurchase Act being enforced. ( 2 ) IT is undisputed that during the pen dencyof the suit, the entire loan as aforesaid due under the hire purchase agreement came to be repaid. In the written statement, however, first defendant-Bank contended that after the partnership firm came into existence, the plaintiff as one of the partners and other partners were liable for the O. C. C. limit thai the partnership had obtained from the Bank. It slated that the plaintiff along with other partners had written a letter to the bank acknowledging the liability of the vehicle loan as well as the O. C. C. limit and further gave an undertaking declaring that the vehicle CAA 3842 could be held as collateral security to the O. C. C. limit of Rs, 50,000/- available to the firm. Having f the suit, the plaintiff-appellant filed I. A. Nos. I and II for a mandatory injunction directing the defendants to deliver the vehicle aforesaid. It may be mentioned here that the second respondent-second defen dant is only a Clearing Agent of the first respondent with whom the vehicle is said to have been left by the first respondent. Having f the suit, the plaintiff-appellant filed I. A. Nos. I and II for a mandatory injunction directing the defendants to deliver the vehicle aforesaid. It may be mentioned here that the second respondent-second defen dant is only a Clearing Agent of the first respondent with whom the vehicle is said to have been left by the first respondent. The trial Court rejected the applications holding that the partners of Swamy Perfumery Works of which the appellant is also a partner agreed to discharge the liability under the loan and that they further agreed that all security charges, obligations and the conditions in respect of the vehicle loan shall con tinue and bind them and because the plaintiff happens to be one of the partners of the firm, the vehicle cannot be released, it also found that the first defendant company (ought to be Bank) which has advanced the huge amount would sustain loss. While dismissing the applications, the Trial Court has further observed that the partners of the said firm had not repaid the O. C. C. limit amount referred to above and hence, the Banker has every right to retain the vehicle in question under the Contract Act. ( 3 ) IN challenging this order, it is urged onbehalf of the appellanl that the (rial Court, though did not refer expressly to the provisions of Seel ion 171 of the Contract act, did bear in mind these provisions and thus impliedly held that the Banker's lien is available to the first respondent-Bank in keeping the seized goods with itself till the o. C. C. limit amount was repaid. Section 171 referring to general lien of bankers, factors, etc. , reads thus:"bankers, factors, wharfingers, attorneys of' a High Court and policy-brokers may, in the absence of a contract to the contrary, retain as a security for a general balance of account, any goods bailed to them; but no other persons have a right to retain, as a security for such balance, goods bailed to them, unless there is an express contract to that effect. " ( 4 ) REFERRING to this Section, theappellant's counsel pointed out that the very case of the first respondent has been that the vehicle was made available as collateral security for the O. C. C. amount. " ( 4 ) REFERRING to this Section, theappellant's counsel pointed out that the very case of the first respondent has been that the vehicle was made available as collateral security for the O. C. C. amount. Respon dents have produced at Annexure-6 a letter of M/s Swamy Perfumary Works to the Bank which reads thus :"with reference to the subject limit granted to us, we hereby declare that the vehicle No. CAA 3842 in the name of mr. C. R. Narasimha Sctty, which has been purchased through your finance under lhv 8/83 and which has been hypothecated to you under the said loan, shall be available as collateral security to our above OCC limit of Rs. 50,000/- now granted to us. We further bind ourselves and declare that the said vehicle shall continue to be held as security for the subject OCC Limit of Rs. 50,000/- until such time that the said limit is cleared in full and in spite of the fact that the liability under our LHV 8/83 is cleared in full. This mandate is irrevocable until revoked by us in writing with the prior approval and consent of the Bank in writing. "it is thus clear from this letter which is based on the hypothecation agreement in respect of his O. C. C. limit loan that the vehicle was made available only as a collateral security and not even a primary security. That being so, according to him, this contract excludes operation of Section 171 of the Contract Act. in support of this argument, the appellant's counsel invited my reference to a decision of the Calcutta High Court in the case of Krish na kishore Kar v United Commercial Bank and Another (A. I. R. 1982 Calcutta, 62) and the relevant observations of the Court are at paragraphs 17 and 20 of the judgment. It was submitted before the Court that an express contract between the parties creating a lien or security would exclude operation of the statutory general lien under Section 171 of the Contract Act. In the case before the court, the plaintiff and the Bank had an express contract by way of counter-guarantee providing the method of re-imbursement. It was submitted before the Court that an express contract between the parties creating a lien or security would exclude operation of the statutory general lien under Section 171 of the Contract Act. In the case before the court, the plaintiff and the Bank had an express contract by way of counter-guarantee providing the method of re-imbursement. Referring to the case of George Henry cham bers -v- Patrick Davidson ( LR (1)PC 296) observations therein were quoted with approval which read thus:"therefore, if a consignee takes an express security, such security, being the stipulation and agreement of the parties, it excludes his general lien. "at the same time, it was further observed that Section 171 if self-contained and without invoking English cases, it could be said that same principles are incorporated in the section itself. Section 171 of the Contract act clearly lays down that the provisions of this Section would apply only in the absence of an express contract to the contrary. ( 5 ) I am in respectful agreement with thedecision rendered in the case aforesaid and it is patently clear that the vehicle was made available only as collateral security for the said O. C. C. loan and admittedly it was pur chased by the appellant in his individual name under the hire-purchase agreement. Whether the vehicle was also made the property of the firm is besides the point at this stage and whenever liability of the firm is sought to be enforced, the same could be considered. Suffice it to note that the trial court committed an error in impliedly apply ing Section 171 of the Contract Act and find ing that the banker's general lien is available against the vehicle which was seized under the hire-purchase agreement. At Annexure-7, a copy of the hypothecation deed is also produced, which further makes the point clear and which does hot give the Bank a right to seize in the event of default of payment of this O. C. C. It an. In that view of the matter, the trial Court has committed an error in dismissing these applications and this is a fit case wherein the applications should be allowed and the respondent-1-Bank directed to return the vehicle seized by it, subject, however, to the condition that the appellant shall pay or deposit in the Court below the remaining amount of Rs. 3,694-90 claimed by the Bank towards seizure char ges, ground rent, etc. , which, however, shall be subject to verification during trial. ( 6 ) WITH the observation, I allow thisappeal, set aside the impugned order and direct the first respondent to deliver the vehicle seized on satisfying itself that the remaining amount aforesaid is paid or deposited in the Court below. Appeal allowed. --- *** --- .