JUDGMENT RANGANATHAN, J.:- The original appellant Udai and one Pargash (the pre decessor-in-interest. of the fifth respondent herein) were recorded as Sirdars over Khata Nos. 203 and 217 in village Murmaicha, Pargana Bhidohi, Talisil Gyanpur, District Varanasi. The fourth respondent Smt.Raghunathi filed an objection, under S. 9 of the U. P. Consolidation of Holdings Act, challenging the correctness of the entries made in favour of Udai and Pargash. She claimed that she had been in possession of the said plots and that Udai and Pargash had no connection therewith. The case of Udai and Pargash, on the other hand, was that the plots in question have been let out to them by the objector, that they had been recorded as sub tenants in the yer 1357 Fasli and, as such, they had acquired Sirdari rights. The Consolidation Officer upheld the claim of Smt. Raghunathi in respect of khata No. 203 but rejected it in respect of khata No. 217. 2. The Settlement Officer, by his order dated 18-1-68, allowed the appeal of Udai but dismissed the appeal of Smt. Raghunathi in respect of khata No. 217 with the result that both Udai and Shri Ram (son of Pargash) were held Sirdars of the respective khatas : The revision petition of Smt. Raghunathi before the Deputy Director of Consolidation was unsuccessful and thereupon she filed a writ petition being CMW No. 6844 of 1972 in the High Court of Allahabad challenging the orders of the Consolidation Authorities. 3. Before the High Court, the controversy between the parties was within a very narrow compass. It was common ground that Udai and Pargash had been recorded as "snikmi" tenants in 1357 Fasli and that this was tantamount to their being sub-tenants in respect of the plots in question. The short point that was urged before the High Court was that a sub-tenant in possession of the lands could not claim rights under S. 20(b)(i) of the U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 (hereinafter referred to as the Act). It is this contention that has been accepted by a learned single Judge of the Allahabad High Court, who, consequently, allowed the writ petition and quashed the rights conferred on Udai and Pargash. This has led to the present appeal. 4. It is this contention that has been accepted by a learned single Judge of the Allahabad High Court, who, consequently, allowed the writ petition and quashed the rights conferred on Udai and Pargash. This has led to the present appeal. 4. As before the High Court, before us, the short question that arises for consideration is whether a sub-tenant in possession of the property is entitled to Adhivasi or Sirdari rights under Section 20 of the Act. This section, insofar as it is material, reads thus: "20. Every person who x x x x x x x x (b) was recorded as occupant, x x x x x (i) of any land......... in the khasra or Khatauni of 1356 Fasli prepared under Ss. 28 and 33 respectively of the U. P. Land Revenue Act, 1901 (U. P. Act III of 1901) .......... shall x x x x x be called Adhivasi of the land and shall x x x x x be entitled to take or retain possession thereof." Only one slight modification to be noted in regard to the applicability of the section to the present case, which relates to Varanasi District, is that, by a subsequent amendment, the reference to 1356 Fasli has to be read as reference to 1357 Fasli in respect of areas comprised in the erstwhile Banaras State. In other words, the question is: Can a person recorded in the village records as sub-tenant in respect of certain land for 1357 Fasli be said to have been recorded as occupant of that land for that Fasli? 5. The answer to the above question seems self-evident if one were to go by the purely etymological meaning of the word occupant". In the absence of any statutory definition, that word would clearly cover any person who has been recorded as having been in occupation of the land in question in the relevant fasli irrespective of the capacity in, or, title under, which he so occupied it. There will therefore be no reason, normally speaking, to exclude a person whose occupancy is recorded on the basis of his sub-tenancy. There will therefore be no reason, normally speaking, to exclude a person whose occupancy is recorded on the basis of his sub-tenancy. It appears, however, that in one of the early decisions under the Act, a Full Bench of the Allahabad High Court (Ram Dular Singh v. Babu Sakhu Ram, 1963 All LJ 667) took the view that a person entered as subtenant in the khasra and khatauni of 1356 F could not be treated as a recorded occupant within the meaning of S. 20(b)(i). However, a later Full Bench (Chobey Sunder Lal v. Sonu, 1967 All LJ 960) held to the contrary in view of the decisions of the SC in Upper Ganges Sugar Mills .Ltd. v. Khalil-ur-Rahman,(1961)l SCR564 and Amba Prasad v. Abdul Noor Khan, (1964) 7 SCR 800 . 6. It, however ,appears that the above two decisions of the SC and that of the Full Bench in Chobey Sunder Lals case ( AIR 1969 All 304 ) (supra) had been distinguished by the same High Court in Pir Khan v. Deputy Director, 1965 All LJ 591 and Radha Kishori v. Joint Director, 1972 All LJ 738. In the latter case it was observed (at pp. 739 and 740): "The SC has held that the entry of a sub-tenant is an entry of an occupant qua the tenant-in-chief and the entry of a tenant is an entry of an occupant qua the landlord. It, therefore, follows from the SC judgments that the entry of a tenant or sub-tenant in the records of 1356 Fasli can amount to an entry of occupant; but it does not follow from this that every entry of tenant or subtenant in the records of 1356 Fasli must necessarily amount to an entry of occupant. x x x x x x x x x x x x x x So far as we can see, the 1967 Full Bench deals with a different question and has not overruled the decision of the Division Bench in Pir Khans case. An occupant can only be against the Zamindar or the tenant or subtenant of the land, i.e., against someone holding the legal title in the land. If the land has been let out to a tenant, then the occupant can only be against the tenant. An occupant can only be against the Zamindar or the tenant or subtenant of the land, i.e., against someone holding the legal title in the land. If the land has been let out to a tenant, then the occupant can only be against the tenant. If the name of the tenant is recorded in the record of 1356 Fasli and he can be considered to be a recorded occupant also, then he will be an occupant against himself. Section 20(b) does not contemplate a rightful tenure-holder being an occupant - it contemplates an occupant as someone other than the 473 rightful tenure-holder who is capable of acquiring Adhivasi rights against him." However, the Court observed, "in the view which we are taking it is neither necessary to examine this question any further nor to refer the matter for decision to a larger Bench. That view was that the claimant before the Court had acquired Adhivasi rights under Section 20(a)(i) and that right was not affected whether or not he was a recorded occupant for purposes of clause (b)(i). 7. In the judgment under appeal, the learned Judge has, following the Division Bench decisions in Pir Khan and Radha Kishori held that a sub-tenant could not be treated as a recorded occupant under Section 20(b)(i) of the Act. This takes us to a consideration of the two SC decisions referred to above. 8. In Upper Ganges Sugar Mills Ltd. v. Khalil-ur-Rahman, (1961) 1 SCR 564 , the landlord had granted a tekha to the company up to 1355 F. On the companys refusal to vacate on the expiry of the teklia, the landlord successfully sued for ejectment under S. 19 of the U. P. Tenancy Act. But, pending the suit and appeals (in all of which it failed), the company had continued to be in possession and, though it handed over formal possession on 1-7-53, had resisted actual ejectment. On 1-7-53, the company filed a suit to recover possession under Section 232 of the U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950, claiming that it had become an Adhivasi under S. 20 of the Act, for the company had been recorded in 1356 F as in possession of the land as Tekhedar. On 1-7-53, the company filed a suit to recover possession under Section 232 of the U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950, claiming that it had become an Adhivasi under S. 20 of the Act, for the company had been recorded in 1356 F as in possession of the land as Tekhedar. The landlord resisted the suit on two grounds: (a) that the company, having been in possession under Court orders, was in possession not on its own behalf but on behalf of the Courts; and (b) that the company, having been recorded in 1356 F as a Tekhedar, its possession was not on its own behalf but on behalf of the landlords whose Tekhedar it was. Neither of these contentions was accepted by the SC. Wanchoo, J. for the majority, held that the company had acquired Adhivasi rights in the land and was entitled to the possession thereof. Simply because there were stay orders which enabled the company to remain in possession, the possession was not on behalf of the Court. The company remained in possession in the same right in which it was in possession before the decree was passed on November 3, 1948. Though the company was recorded in possession as a Tekhedar, it was an occupant in its own right and not on behalf of the landlord. It was open to the Court to look beyond the entry of the company as a Tekhedar in the Khasra. Das Gupta, J., however, held in his. dissenting judgment: . "The company did not acquire the rights of an Adhivasi. The word "occupant" means a person in possession in his own right and not on behalf of someone else. The benefit under the section is available only to those "recorded" as "occupants". It is not permissible to look beyond the record to ascertain whether the claimant has been "recorded as occupant". The record in the Khasra of the possession as "Tekhedar" amounts to record of "possession on behalf of Tekhedars lessor"." 9. The facts in Amba Prasad v. Abdul Noor Khan, (1964) 7 SCR 800 , were more complicated. But, for...our present purposes, it is sufficient to extract the facts as set out in the headnote. Before the coming into operation of the Act, Amba Prasad was the Zamindar of the disputed land. The facts in Amba Prasad v. Abdul Noor Khan, (1964) 7 SCR 800 , were more complicated. But, for...our present purposes, it is sufficient to extract the facts as set out in the headnote. Before the coming into operation of the Act, Amba Prasad was the Zamindar of the disputed land. The names of the respondents had been recorded in the khasra for 1356 F as persons in possession of the disputed land but they had been dispossessed after 30-6-49. They claimed Adhivasi rights under S. 20 on the,,,, strength of the record for 1356 F and were successful in their claim before the Board of Revenue. The SC dismissed Amba Prasads appeal. Hidayatullah, J. (as his Lordship then was) analysed the terms of S. 20 and its explanations thus (at p. 58 of AIR): "The scheme of the section may now be noticed. The section, speaking generally, says that certain persons "recorded" as "occupants" of lands (other than grove lands or lands to which S. 16 applies) shall be known 474 as Adhivasis and shall be entitled to retain or to regain possession of them after the date of vesting which was July 1, 1952. Such person do not include an intermediary (Explanation IV). Such persons must be recorded a, occupants in the khasra or khatauni for 1356 F (1-7-48 to 30-6-49). If such a person is in possession he continues in possession. If h is evicted after June 30, 1948 he is to be put back in possession notwithstanding anything in any order or decree. By fiction such person are deemed to be entitled to regain possession (Explanation 1). The emphasis has been laid on the record of khasra or khatauni of 1356 F and June 30, 1948 is the datum line. The importance of an entry in these two documents is further apparent from Explanations 11 and III. Under the former, if the entry is corrected before the date of vesting (1-7-52) the corrected entry is to prevail and under the latter the entry is deemed to be corrected (even though not actually corrected). if an order or decree of a competent court ordering the correction had been made before the date of vesting and the order or decree had become final. There are thus two date lines. if an order or decree of a competent court ordering the correction had been made before the date of vesting and the order or decree had become final. There are thus two date lines. They are June 30, 1948 and July 1, 1952, and the title to possession as Adhivasi depends on the entries in the khasra or khatauni for the year 1356 F." His Lordship then observed (at pp. 58-59 of AIR): "Before we proceed to decide whether the answering respondents satisfy the above tests, we must consider what is meant by the terms occupant and recorded. The word occupant is not defined in the Act. Since khasra records possession and enjoyment the word occupant must mean a person holding the land in possession or actual enjoyment. The khasra, however, may mention the Proprietor, the tenant, the sub-tenant and other person in actual possession, as the case may be. If by occupant is meant the person in actual possessions it is clear that between a Proprietor and a tenant the tenant, and between a tenant and the sub-tenant the latter and between him and a person recorded in the remarks column as "dawedar qabiz" the dawedar qabiz are the occupants. This is the only logical way to interpret the section which does away with all intermediaries. If rights are not to be determined except in the manner laid down by the section, the entries must be construed as explained by the four explanations. Once we find out the right person in the light of the explanations, that person continues as an Adhivasi after July 1, 1952, provided he is in possession or was evicted after June 30, 1948. If he was evicted after June 30, 1948 he is entitled to regain possession in spite of any order or decree to the contrary. The word occupant thus signifies occupancy and enjoyment. Mediate possession, (except where the immdiate possesser holds on behalf of the mediate possessor), is of no consequence. In this way even persons who got into occupation when lands were abandoned get recognition. The section eliminates inquiries into disputed possession by accepting the records in the khasra or khatauni of 1356 F, or its correction before July 1, 1952. Mediate possession, (except where the immdiate possesser holds on behalf of the mediate possessor), is of no consequence. In this way even persons who got into occupation when lands were abandoned get recognition. The section eliminates inquiries into disputed possession by accepting the records in the khasra or khatauni of 1356 F, or its correction before July 1, 1952. It was perhaps thought that all such disputes would have solved themselves in the four years between June 30, 1948 and June 30, 1952." (Underlining ours) His Lordship concluded by touching upon the question whether the person claiming rights under S. 20 should prove actual possession in 1356 F and, observing that this question had been left open in the Upper Ganges case ( AIR 1961 SC 143 ), said there was no reason to disturb a long established line of decisions of the Allahabad High Court answering the question in the negative. In the result, Amba Prasads appeal was dismissed. 10. It is necessary to refer to yet one more decision of this Court and that is Sri Nath Singh v. Board of Revenue, (1968) 3 SCR 498 . In this case, the village records showed the respondents as sub-tenants from the appellants of the lands in question. One R who was the Tekhedar of the proprietary rights, sued to eject the appellants and respondents alleging that the sub-letting was illegal. The suit was dismissed in March 1946 (i.e. towards the end of 1358 F) on the ground that there was no sub-letting and that the entries in the records to this effect were not correct. Despite the decision in the suit, no attempt was made by anyone, to correct the entries in the village records and the respondents continued to figure as subtenants in these records, until 1358 F, when the Iekhpal, on his own, removed those entries from the year 1358 F. In 1952 (i.e. 1360 F.), after the Act came into force, the respondents claimed adhivasi rights and sued to recover possession of the lands. They succeeded before the Board of Revenue and the High Court declined to interfere under Art. 226. They succeeded before the Board of Revenue and the High Court declined to interfere under Art. 226. In an appeal by Special Leave, the SC held that the Court had to go by the entry in the record of rights, that it was not necessary to enquire whether the respondents had become sub-tenants after the decision in the suit filed by R find that, as between the tenant and the sub-tenant, the entry in the record of rights in favour of the sub-tenant made him the occupant entitled to the adhivasi rights under S. 20. The Court followed the decisions in Upper Ganges, ( AIR 1961 SC 143 ) and Amba Prasad, ( AIR 1965 SC 54 ). As to the former decision, the Court observed (at p. 1353 of AIR): "This case establishes that a person recorded as an occupant on the relevant date although found by courts of law to have no right to possession even prior thereto, is not to be denied adhivasi rights." As to the latter, the Court quoted, with apparent approval, extensive extracts from the judgment of Hidayatullah, J. 11. In the last case before this Court, four arguments had been addressed on behalf of the appellants (at p. 1352 of AIR 1968 SC : (1) The correctness of the entry in the record of rights of 1356 F, can be gone into and is capable of challenge in a Court of law exercising jurisdiction under Art. 226. (2) In the present case, there was an adjudication in March, 1946 and the respondents were not sub-tenants: consequently, unless they showed that they had thereafter become sub-tenants the benefit of the entry in their favour in 1356 F. could not be availed of by them. (3) Under Rule 183 of the rules framed under the Act it was incumbent on the respondents to state in their applications the dates of their dispossession and the failure to do so rendered their petitions defective. (4) In the khasra of 1356 F. the respondents were only recorded as sub-tenants but not as occupants and hence they cannot get the benefit of S. 20(b)(i) of the Act. 12. This Court held, apropos these arguments ( AIR 1968 SC 1351 , Paras 15 and 16): "These (earlier) decisions negative the first second and the fourth points sought to be raised on behalf of the appellants. 12. This Court held, apropos these arguments ( AIR 1968 SC 1351 , Paras 15 and 16): "These (earlier) decisions negative the first second and the fourth points sought to be raised on behalf of the appellants. The record of rights for the year 1356 F. had not been corrected afterwards. We have to go by the entry in the record of rights and no enquiry need he made as to when the respondents became sub-tenants after the decision in favour of the landlord, Ram Dhani Singh. The last decision of this Court also shows that as between the tenant and the sub-tenant the entry in the record of rights in favour of the sub-tenant makes him the occupant entitled to the adhivasi rights under S. 20 of the Act. With regard to the point as to the violation of R. 183 it is enough to say that the point was not canvassed before the Board of Revenue and as such we need not look into it." 13. From the above extract, it seems clear that Sri Nath Singh, ( AIR 1968 SC 1351 ) (supra) clinches the issue before us. It unequivocally holds that a person recorded as sub-tenant in 1356 F. (here 1357 F.), is entitled to claim, as against the tenant, that he is entitled to adhivasi rights under S. 20. Sri Swarup, however, vehemently urges that this is not so. He points out that Sri Nath Singh. (supra) does not purport to overrule either Upper Ganges, ( AIR 1961 SC 143 ) (supra) or Amba Prasad, ( AIR 1965 SC 54 ) (supra); on the contrary, it purports to only follow and apply these decisions. He contends that, if a mere entry in the village records as sub-tenant in 1356 F. were sufficient to confer adhivasi rights, the whole discussion in Upper Ganges was beside the point. This Court in constituting five learned Judges) need not have at all entered into an elaborate discussion, as they did, about the nature of the possession of the company in that case: whether it was in possession as tekhedar (on behalf of some one else) or in its own right. This Court in constituting five learned Judges) need not have at all entered into an elaborate discussion, as they did, about the nature of the possession of the company in that case: whether it was in possession as tekhedar (on behalf of some one else) or in its own right. This shows, says Sr Swarup, that what is important is that the person claiming the rights should have been entered as an occupant entitled to possession of the lands in his own rights and not as an agent or on behalf of the Zamindar or the principal tenant. He invites our attention to the passage from Amba Prasad (supra) which we have underlined above and contends that the said passage outlines an exception and that the present case, unlike Upper Ganges and Amba Prasad, falls under the exception so set out. In Sri Nath Singh, he also points out, the person claiming the rights was in occupation not as a sub-tenant but in his own right. According to Sri Swarup, to claim rights under S. 20(b)(i), it is not enough that the claimant is recorded as an occupant in the village records as in 1357 F.; it is also necessary that such occupancy should be traceable to a right in himself and not a right derived from a principal tenant. The object of the legislation, he says, was to abolish zamindari rights and not the rights of intermediate holders of property like tenants. 14. The argument is ingenious but we do not think it is open to the respondent in view of the categorical decision in Sri Nath Singh, ( 1968 (3) SCR 498 ). Contention (4) as set out at p. 501 (of SCR): (at p. 1352 of AIR) and the conclusion at p. 504 (of SCR): (at p. 1354 of AIR) of the above judgment leave no doubt regarding this. Shri Swarups argument indirectly asks .us to go behind the entry in the village records and enter into a discussion as to whether the person recorded as sub-tenant was in possession or not, was entitled to possession or not and, if yes, in what capacity he was entitled to or was in, such possession, a plea that goes directly in the teeth of all the three decisions. The discussion in Upper Ganges does not negative this position. The discussion in Upper Ganges does not negative this position. That discussion was in the context of repelling a specific contention urged before the Court by the landlord, which derived inspiration, perhaps, from the spece exclusion of tekhedar from the definition of the expression tenant in the U. P. Tenancy Act, 1936. That contention viz. that the companys possession was either on behalf of the Court or was on behalf of the landlords was negatived. That decision cannot, therefore, be treated as laying down that occupancy as a sub-tenant would not be sufficient for the purposes of S.20(b)(i). So far as Amba Prasad is concerned, the observations in the judgment show that even the tenant and sub tenant can be regarded as occupants vis-a-vis the proprietor and the tenant respectively. It is only where, although the name of the tenant or sub-tenant is shown in columns (5) and. (6) of the khasra, some other person is shown in the remarks column as the actual occupant that the tenant or sub-tenant cannot be regarded as the "recorded occupant". In our opinion, therefore, Amba Prasad and Sri Nath Singh are decisive of the issue in the present case. 15. Learned counsel for the fourth respondent, however, contended that this respondent was a disabled landholder within the meaning of S. 10 read with S. 157 of the Act. He contended that she was entitled to become the owner of the plots in dispute and that the appellant could be no more than an asami in respect of the same in view of the provisions contained in Ss. lb, 21, S. 157 of the Act. This is a point which had been raised by the respondent in the writ petition. We find that, in the counter-affidavit, the fifth respondent had raised an objection that it was not open to the. writ petitioner to take up this plea in the writ petition. However, this aspect of the matter was not considered by the High Court as the writ petition was allowed on the principal ground raised in it. We find that, in the counter-affidavit, the fifth respondent had raised an objection that it was not open to the. writ petitioner to take up this plea in the writ petition. However, this aspect of the matter was not considered by the High Court as the writ petition was allowed on the principal ground raised in it. Since we have reversed the decision of the High Court on the construction of, S. 20(b)(i) of the Act, it is only just and proper that the respondent should be given an opportunity to urge this ground before the High Court, if it is found to be open to her to do so, and to substantiate the same, if she can. While therefore, we allow this appeal and set aside the judgment of the High Court, we direct that the writ petition be reheard by the High Court on this point. 16. With these observations, we allow the appeal, set aside the order of the learned Judge of the High Court and leave it to the High Court to consider the issue mentioned in the preceding para afresh. In the circumstances, we make no order as to costs. Appeal allowed. For Citation : AIR 1990 SC 471