JUDGMENT YOGESHWAR DAYAL, J :—This appeal by special leave is directed against the judgment of the Division Bench of the High Court of Allahabad dated 21st August, 1979 (reported in 1979 Lab IC 1355) whereby the High Court allowed the writ petition filed by the four petitioners therein and issued a writ of mandamus directing respondents 1, 2 and 3 (Comptroller & Auditor General of India, New Delhi, The Accountant General, I. U.P. Allahabad and the Union of India) not to enforce the circular dated 25th Jan., 1973 as a rule regarding reservation of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in relation to filling up of posts by promotion on the basis of seniority subject to fitness. The aforesaid respondents were further restrained from promoting respondents 4, 5 and 6 in the writ petition to the post of Accounts Officers on the basis of the impugned circular dated 25th January, 1973. We would continue to refer to, the parties as per the cause title of the writ petition in the High Court. 2. The writ petition came to be filed by the petitioner , M.L. Mehrotra and three others .The petitioners said to be working as Section Officers in the office of the Accountant General I, II and III, Allahabad and they prayed for restraining respondents 1, 2 and 3 from promoting Yamuna Prasad Kureel, respondent No. 4, Ram Raj Ram, respondent No. 5 and Ram Dihal, respondent No. 6, in the writ petition, who were working as Section Officers and belonged to the Scheduled Caste to the post of Accounts Officer. 3. The case of the writ petitioners was that they were senior to respondents 4, 5 and 6 and they cannot be promoted to the post of Accounts Officers through seniority quota before the writ petitioners. Their case was that the promotion to the post of Accounts Officers is regulated by the rules made by the President in exercise of the powers conferred by proviso to Article 309 and clause (5) of Article 148 of the Constitution after consultations with the Comptroller and Auditor General of India. These rules are known as "Indian Audit & Accounts Department (Administrative Officers, Assistant Accounts Officers and Assistant Audit Officers) Recruitment Rules, 1963" (hereinafter referred to as the Rules). In the counter-affidavit filed it was pleaded that the Assistant Accounts Officers and Assistant Audit Officers are now called Accounts Officers and Audit Officers. These rules are known as "Indian Audit & Accounts Department (Administrative Officers, Assistant Accounts Officers and Assistant Audit Officers) Recruitment Rules, 1963" (hereinafter referred to as the Rules). In the counter-affidavit filed it was pleaded that the Assistant Accounts Officers and Assistant Audit Officers are now called Accounts Officers and Audit Officers. The aforesaid rules lay down the method of recruitment to the post of Administrative Officers Assistant Accounts Officers and Assistant Audit Officers in the Indian Audit and Accounts Department. The method of recruitment laid down in these rules in respect of these posts is by promotion. They do not contain any specific provisions for reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. 4. The appellants herein relied upon the administrative instructions contained in the circular letter dated 25th January, 1973 issued by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India for the purpose of reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes for these promotion posts. The writ petitioners challenged the validity of these administrative instructions contained in the circular dated 25th January, 1973. 5. It was further pleaded that the lowest post in the Office of the Accountant General U.P. I, II and III is of group D employees who are selected directly on the basis of merit. There is a quota fixed for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Then these are posts of clerks, a fixed quota percentage of which is filled in directly through examination and quota is fixed for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The remaining posts of clerks are filled in by selection from class D employees by promotion on the basis of seniority. The next higher posts are the post of Auditors. A fixed percentage whereof is filled in directly through examination and a quota is fixed for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The remaining posts of Auditors are filled in by promotion from clerks on the basis of seniority. The next higher post is of Section Officers in which the writ petitioners and respondents to the writ petition were working. These posts are filled in from the cadre of Auditors and clerks. The Auditors as well as clerks have to pass examination known as Subordinate Accounts Service. Normally more candidates pass this examination than the number of posts available for the Section Officers. Here also there is a quota fixed for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes candidates. 6. These posts are filled in from the cadre of Auditors and clerks. The Auditors as well as clerks have to pass examination known as Subordinate Accounts Service. Normally more candidates pass this examination than the number of posts available for the Section Officers. Here also there is a quota fixed for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes candidates. 6. The post of Accounts Officers (i.e the posts in question) are filled in by promotion from Section Officers. 50 per cent of the vacancies are filled in on the basis of merit (called the merit quota) and the remaining 50 per cent are required to be filled in on the basis of seniority (called seniority quota). Normally the number of candidates available in the merit quota are less than 50 per cent of the posts available; hence the number of posts available in seniority quota is usually more than 50 per cent. It was pleaded in the counter affidavit that the promotion will continue to be made in accordance with the existing rules and orders on the subject namely those referred to above including the circular dated 25th January, 1973, validity of which had been challenged. 7. The High Court took the view (1) that there is no reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made under the rules; (2) that the administrative instructions contained in the circular No. 172-NGE-11/ 56-721 dated 25th January, 1973 issued from the office of Comptroller and Auditor General of India, New Delhi, inter alia, to all the Accountants General and the offices subordinate to them, on its own did not make a provision for the proposed reservation in pursuance to the policy decision. (3) It also took the view that the statutory rules were not silent on the subject of promotion to the post of Assistant Accounts Officer (now called Accounts Officers). This being so, it was not open to the Government to supplement the statutory rules to fill up the gaps. This could be done by only amending the statutory rules in compliance with the provisions of Article 148(5) of the Constitution. The High Court drew support from a Division Bench of the Madras High Court in Accountant General, Tamil Nadu v. Doraswami 1974 Lab IC 384 and the decision of the Orissa High Court in the Original Jurisdiction cases Nos. This could be done by only amending the statutory rules in compliance with the provisions of Article 148(5) of the Constitution. The High Court drew support from a Division Bench of the Madras High Court in Accountant General, Tamil Nadu v. Doraswami 1974 Lab IC 384 and the decision of the Orissa High Court in the Original Jurisdiction cases Nos. 357 and 359 of 1977 P. Parbhakar Rao v. Union of India decided on 31st of July, 1978. The High Court took the view that the administrative instructions contained in the circular letter dated 25th January, 1973 cannot help respondents and no reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes can be made on, that basis. The High Court accordingly allowed the writ petition as stated earlier. 8. Before the High Court the counsel for the writ petitioners also submitted that the administrative instructions contained in the circular dated 25th January, 1973 could not be said to be the rules made by the President after consultations with the Comptroller and Auditor General of India as contemplated by Article 148(5) of the Constitution and referred to the language of the circular letter dated 25th January, 1973. A supplementary counter-affidavit of Shri P.P. Dhir, Accountant General-1 had also been filed where it was stated that the language used in the circular in substance, are the orders of the President. The High Court took the view that no other material has been referred to in the counter affidavit filed, which will show that the instructions contained in the circular dated 25th January, 1973 were based on the decision of the President of India. However, the High Court held that they considered it unnecessary to go into this question any further since they had already held that the administrative instructions contained in the circular were of no avail to the respondents in the writ petition as they-could not-alter the statutory rules in force. 9. It appears the Department of Personnel issued a memorandum No. 27/ 271. Estt. (SCT) dated 27th November, 1972 to all Ministries. The subject of this memorandum. was reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in posts filled by promotion on the basis of seniority subject to fitness. 9. It appears the Department of Personnel issued a memorandum No. 27/ 271. Estt. (SCT) dated 27th November, 1972 to all Ministries. The subject of this memorandum. was reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in posts filled by promotion on the basis of seniority subject to fitness. This memorandum noted in paragraph 2 thereof that the policy in regard to reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Officers in posts to be filled by promotion on the basis of seniority subject to fitness now has been reviewed and it has been decided, in supersession of the orders contained in the aforesaid para 2-C of the O.M. dated 11th July, 1968 that there will be reservation at 15 percent for Scheduled Castes and 7-1/2 per cent for Scheduled Tribes in promotions made on the basis of seniority subject to fitness, in grades or services in which the element of direct recruitment, if any, does not exceed 50 per cent and gave detailed procedure how promotions have to be made on the basis of seniority subject to fitness in the light of the aforesaid reservations. It was stated in the memorandum that the Ministry of Finance etc. are requested kindly to bring the above decisions to the notice of all attached and subordinate offices under them and semi-Government and autonomous bodies. This memorandum also stated in paragraph 6 thereof as under: "In so far as officers serving under Indian Audit & Accounts Department are concerned, separate orders will issue in due course." 10. Thereafter, Shri S. Krishnan, Deputy Secretary Department of Personnel, Cabinet Secretariat, . New Delhi wrote a D.O. No.27/2/71-Est(SCT) dated 1st January 1973 to Shri R. Hariharan, Assistant Comptroller & Auditor-General (N), Office of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, New Delhi. In this letter the Deputy Secretary of the Department of Personnel wrote as under:- "Dear Shri Hariharan, Please refer to your d.o. letter No. 2859/ NGEII/ 6-72 dated the 24th November, 1972 regarding reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in posts filled by promotion on the basis of seniority subject to fitness. 2. A copy of the orders issued in this Departments O.M. No.2712/71-Est(SCT) dated 27-11-1972 has already been endorsed to the C. & A. G. A copy of the said O.M. is enclosed for ready reference. 2. A copy of the orders issued in this Departments O.M. No.2712/71-Est(SCT) dated 27-11-1972 has already been endorsed to the C. & A. G. A copy of the said O.M. is enclosed for ready reference. We shall be grateful to know whether separate instructions which are proposed to be issued by C. & A.G. in this regard in respect of persons serving under the Indian Audit and Accounts Department have since been finalised. The draft of the instructions may please be shown to us, if since finalised. 1 need hardly emphasise that it is desirable to expedite issue of such orders. Yours sincerely, sd/- (S.Krishnan)" 11. Thereafter, the Assistant Comptroller and Auditor-General (P) also met the said Deputy Secretary of the Department of Personnel and also sent a draft of instructions proposed to be issued to the offices under the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India to Deputy Secretary, Department of Personnel vide a D.O. letter No. 20-NGE-11/ 56-72-1 dated 5th January, 1973 by Shri R. Hariharan, Assistant Comptroller and Auditor General Office of Comptroller and Auditor General of India, New Delhi. Along with this letter a draft of instructions proposed to be issued to the offices under the Comptroller and Auditor-General was forwarded. The Deputy Secretary, Department of Personnel, Shri S. Krishnan vide their communication dated 22nd January, 1973 informed Shri R. Hariharan, aforesaid, that the draft of instructions proposed to be issued was in order and it was requested that a copy of the instructions when issued may be sent to their department. It was in pursuance of these consultations that the impugned circular dated 25th January, 1973 was issued from the Office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, New Delhi. For facility of understanding the relevant part of the circular dated 25th January, 1973 issued from the office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, New Delhi is reproduced hereunder: "No. 172-NGE-11/56-72-1 OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER & AUDITOR GENERAL OF INDIA, NEW DELHI-1. Dated the 25-1-1973. To All Accountants General and Offices subordinate to them. All Chief Auditors of Rlys. and offices subordinate to them. All chief Auditors of Rlys. and offices subordinate to them. All Regional Directors of Commercial Audit, Chief Auditors of Commercial Accounts and offices subordinate to them. The Director, I.A. & A.S. Staff College, Simla. The Director of Audit, Defence Services and offices subordinate to him. All Chief Auditors of Rlys. and offices subordinate to them. All chief Auditors of Rlys. and offices subordinate to them. All Regional Directors of Commercial Audit, Chief Auditors of Commercial Accounts and offices subordinate to them. The Director, I.A. & A.S. Staff College, Simla. The Director of Audit, Defence Services and offices subordinate to him. The director of Audit, Defence Services and offices subordinate to him . The Assistant Comptroller and Auditor General (P). (For G.E.l., G.E. 11 & OE & A. Sections) Subject:- Reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in posts filled by promotion-promotion on the basis of seniority subject to fitness. Sir, I am to invite a reference to para 3(c) of this office circular letter No. 1981; NGE. 11 / 89-68, dated 3-10-1968 according to which there is no reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in appointments made by promotion on the basis of seniority subject to fitness although cases involving supersession of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribe Officers in Class 11 appointments are required to. be submitted for prior approval of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India and the cases involving supersession of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Officers in Class III and Class IV appointments have to be reported within a month to the Comptroller and Auditor General of India for information. 2. The policy in regard to reservations of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe officers in posts filled by promotion on the basis of seniority subject to fitness has now been reviewed by the Government of India in consultation with the Comptroller and Auditor General of India and it has been decided, in supersession of the orders contained in the aforesaid para 3(c) of our circular letter dated 3-10-1968 that there will be reservation at 15% for Scheduled Castes and 7-1/ 2% for Scheduled Tribes in promotions made on the basis of seniority subject to fitness in appointments to all Class I, Class II, Class III and Class IV posts in grades, of services in which the element of direct recruitment, if any, does not exceed 50%. 3. The above orders will necessitate reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in promotions made on the basis of seniority subject to fitness to the following grades in the I.A. and A.D. Promotions from Class III to Class II The existing procedure of promotion to A.Os. 3. The above orders will necessitate reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in promotions made on the basis of seniority subject to fitness to the following grades in the I.A. and A.D. Promotions from Class III to Class II The existing procedure of promotion to A.Os. grade will not undergo any change, as far as the posts filled by selection is concerned. Reservation to the extent of 15% for Scheduled Castes and 7-1/2% for Scheduled Tribes will, however, have to be made with reference to the number of posts of Accounts Officers filled in a year on the basis of seniority subject to fitness and for this purpose, a roster maintained in respect of such promotions. -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- 4. The following procedure may be followed to give effect to the decision mentioned in paragraph 2 above. -------- -------- -------- 4. The above instructions take effect from 27-11-1972 except where a Select List, if any, for promotion by seniority subject to fitness has already been prepared by a Departmental Promotion Committee and approved by the appropriate authority before issue of these orders (i.e. 27-11-1972). The receipt of this circular letter may kindly be acknowledged. Yours faithfully, Sd/- (R.Hariharan) Asstt. Comptr. & Ar. Genl. (N) 12. The High Court is not right in stating that there cannot be an administrative order directing reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes as it would alter the statutory rules in force. The rules do not provide for any reservation. In fact, it is silent on the subject of reservation. The Government could direct the reservation by executive orders. The administrative orders cannot be issued in contravention of the statutory rules but it could be issued to supplement the statutory rules. (See: the observations in Santram Sharma v. State of Rajasthan, (1968) 1 SCR 111 . In fact similar circulars were issued by the Railway Board introducing reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Railway services both for selection and non selection categories of posts. They were issued to implement the policy of the Central Government and they have been upheld by this Court in Akhil Bhartiya Soshit Karamchari Sangh (Railways) v., Union of India, (1981) 1 SCC 246 . 13. They were issued to implement the policy of the Central Government and they have been upheld by this Court in Akhil Bhartiya Soshit Karamchari Sangh (Railways) v., Union of India, (1981) 1 SCC 246 . 13. The High Court has also touched upon the validity of the impugned circular and stated that they were not issued by the President after consultation with the Comptroller and Auditor General. In the present case, the President has not issued the circular, but Comptroller and Auditor General has issued it. There was however, proper consultation between the Government and the Comptroller and Auditor General for issuing the circular. The infirmity pointed out that it was not issued in the name of the President, therefore, relates only about the form and not with regard to the substance. The circular of course, ought to have been issued in the name of the President as required under Article 148(5) of the Constitution, as it affects the service conditions of persons in the Audit and Accounts Department. But since the Government has approved the circular and the circular was in accordance with the declared Policy of reservation, we do not want to restrain the Comptroller and Auditor General from enforcing it. 14. We are thus of the view that the impugned circular is valid and binding. The circular by its own provides for reservation. The authorities concerned must take that into account while effecting promotions under the rules. The result is that the impugned judgment of the High Court is set aside and the appeal is allowed. 15. In the circumstances of the case, however, we make no order as to costs. For citation : AIR 1991 SC 2288 = (1991) 4 JT 138 = 1989 Supp. JT 426 = 1990(1) SCC 288 = 1990(1) UJ (SC) 424 = 1990(1) LLJ 526 = 1989(2) Scale 1405 = 1990 LIC 296. Vikas Info Solutions Pvt. Ltd.