Judgment :- RANGARAJAN J. In this reference, the following two questions have been referred by the Appellate Tribunal "(1) Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Appellate Tribunal was right in holding and had valid materials to hold that the assessee was prevented by reasonable cause from furnishing the return of income in time and, therefore, there was no need to levy penalty under section 271(1)(a) and the penalty of Rs. 66, 120 levied deserved to be cancelled ? (2) Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Appellate Tribunal was justified in holding and had valid materials to hold that there was no cause for levying penalty under section 273(c) of the Act and the penalty of Rs.20, 666 should therefore be cancelled ?" The facts leading to this reference are that the assessee, an individual, was having his own business in rice on a small scale in Kavundampalayam while his brother-in-law was doing business in rice and wheat products using the licence in the name of the assessee. Since the assessee did not file the return of income within the time prescribed and also did not file an estimate of income as required under section 212(3A) of the Income-tax Act, the Income-tax Officer imposed penalties under section 271(1)(a) and under section 273(c). The assessee contended that since he was an illiterate and had entrusted the matter to his brother-in-law who was actually carrying on the business, he was under the belief that he was under no legal obligation to file the return or the estimate. No doubt, this explanation was given only before the Appellate Assistant Commissioner. But the Appellate Tribunal also found that this explanation was supported by the fact that the assessment itself was made only by adding the income found in the books of the assessee's brother-in-law, and, both the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the Appellate Tribunal came to the conclusion that the assessee's belief that since his brother-in-law was actually carrying on the business, he was under no legal obligation to file the return or the estimate, constituted reasonable cause, inasmuch as the assessee had an honest belief that he had no income which was liable to be returned. Even if this belief was erroneous, it constitutes reasonable cause for the delay in filing the return and failure to file the required estimate. Even if this belief was erroneous, it constitutes reasonable cause for the delay in filing the return and failure to file the required estimate. The finding of the Tribunal that the default was not without reasonable cause is, therefore, a correct finding on the facts on record, and has to be upheld. The questions referred are answered in the affirmative and against the Revenue. No costs.