JUDGMENT - G.R. MAJITHIA, J.:---Mahadev Sonu Pardhi - accused - appellant who was charged for intentionally and knowingly causing the death of his wife Sou. Madhavi and son Sharad was convicted for the offence punishable under section 302 of the Indian Penal Code by Additional Sessions Judge, Sindhudurg at Sawantwadi and sentenced to undergo imprisonment for life by judgment and order dated August 10, 1995. 2. The prosecution story, as stand unfolded at the trial, briefly put is as under : The complainant-Dnyanoba Sonu Pardhi is the real brother of the appellant. He resides in 1/2 portion of the ancestral house along with his father Sony, wife Manisha and sons Nilesh and Sadan. The remaining half portion is in occupation of Kashiram Pardhi, cousin of the complainant. The complainant's father had a second house adjoining to the house occupied by the complainant. Half portion of the second house was in possession of the appellant and the remaining was occupied by Dattaram, real brother of the complainant. Dattaram was residing in that portion with his wife Sugandha and sons named, Sachin, Samir and Swapnil. On demand by the appellant, his father gave him separate share in the ancestral property viz. agricultural land and a house in partition. On May 15, 1992 at about 2.00 p.m. the complainant, his wife Manisha and his children were sitting on the outside platform of their house and taking rest. They heard shouts from the direction of the house of the appellant as "I committed the murder of my wife and son hence nothing remained for me". The appellant shouted loudly as "I killed my wife and son, nothing remained for me. I lost everything". The complainant, his wife Manisha and cousin sister-in-law Laxmi came out of their house. The complainant saw one iron sickle smeared with blood in the right hand of the appellant. The complainant, his wife Manisha and Laxmi rushed towards the house of the appellant in order to see as to what happened. While they were proceeding towards the house of the appellant, the appellant threw the sickle on the platform of his house and ran away in the jungle. The complainant, his wife Manisha and his cousin sister-in-law entered the house of the appellant. They noticed sickle with bloodstains lying on the platform of the house. While they were proceeding towards the house of the appellant, the appellant threw the sickle on the platform of his house and ran away in the jungle. The complainant, his wife Manisha and his cousin sister-in-law entered the house of the appellant. They noticed sickle with bloodstains lying on the platform of the house. They saw Madhavi and Sharad, wife and son of the appellant, in a pool of blood. The complainant immediately rushed to Madhukar Parabl, the Police Patil of village Satoli. He informed the Police Patil that the appellant had killed his wife and son by giving sickle blows. The Police Patil came to the place of incident. The information supplied to him was confirmed when he watched the dead bodies of Madhavi and Sharad in the house of the appellant. The complainant and the Police Patil lodged a report at Sawantwadi Police Station. The same was reduced into writing and an offence as C.R. No. 45 of 1992 under section 302 I.P.C. was registered. Pradip Mane, P.S.I. attached to Sawantwadi Police Station was entrusted with the investigation of offence. He visited the scene of offence on May, 15, 1992. He made inquest panchanama of both the dead bodies. Under his directions, the Police Constable carried the dead bodies to the Cottage Hospital, Sawantwadi for post-mortem. He drew the panchanama of the scene of offence. On May 16, 1992, the P.S.I. Mane attached the clothes of deceased Madhavi and Sharad through separate panchanama. P.S.I. Mane arrested the appellant on May 16, 1992. The P.S.I. sent the blood sample of the appellant and attached Articles viz. sickle (Palkoyata), plain earth, earth carrying bloodstains, clothes from the dead bodies to the Chemical Analyser, Pune on May 25, 1992. On completion of the investigation, the P.S.I. filed the charge-sheet in the Court of the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Sawantwadi on August 8, 1992 against the appellant. The Chief Judicial Magistrate committed the case to the Court of Sessions as the offence was exclusively tribable by the latter. The trial Judge framed the charge against the appellant for the offence punishable under section 302 I.P.C. The appellant did not plead guilty to the charge and claimed to be tried. The appellant submitted his defence in writing. The Chief Judicial Magistrate committed the case to the Court of Sessions as the offence was exclusively tribable by the latter. The trial Judge framed the charge against the appellant for the offence punishable under section 302 I.P.C. The appellant did not plead guilty to the charge and claimed to be tried. The appellant submitted his defence in writing. He denied the prosecution version in its entirety and in the alternative pleaded that he was suffering from schizophrenia since the year 1991 and that he behaved abnormally whenever he was under the attack of the said disease. He claimed that he was admitted in the Mental Hospital as indoor patient for treatment from time to time. He was also sent to the Mental Hospital by the jail authorities while he was under detention in the present case. In short, he committed the crime under the attack of schizophrenia. 3. The prosecution relied upon eight set of different circumstances to substantiate the charge levelled against the appellant viz. (i) extra judicial confession made by the appellant, in the form of shouts after having come out of his house and those shouts were heard by P.W. 2, P.W. 3 and P.W. 4.; (ii) The prosecution witnesses had seen the sickle (Palkoyata) having bloodstains in the hands of the accused and they had also seen him throwing the same on the platform of his house before running away from the spot; (iii) The prosecution witnesses having entered in the house of the appellant had seen sickle having blood over its blades and handle and had also seen the dead bodies of Madhavi, wife of the appellant, and Sharad, son of the appellant, lying on the floor in the room; (iv) the seizure of the clothes having blood-stains from the appellant on May 26, 1992; (v) appellant and the deceased were last seen together in the house prior to the incident; (vi) Medical evidence consisting of oral evidence of Medical Officer (P.W. 5) and post-mortem report in respect of the dead bodies of the deceased; (vii) panchanama of the scene of offence and Chemical Analysers Report; and (viii) The dead bodies were recovered from the house of the appellant. He did not render any explanation for the recovery of the dead bodies from his house. 4. He did not render any explanation for the recovery of the dead bodies from his house. 4. The complainant (P.W. 2), his wife (P.W. 3) and his cousin sister-in-law (P.W. 4) deposed about the circumstances (i) to (iii). P.W. 2 stated that on the fateful day he was in his house. He heard shouts from the direction of the house of the appellant that "I killed my wife and son nothing remained for me I lost everything". P.W. 2 is the real brother of the appellant and there could be no mistake that the words uttered were emanating from his brother. He could recognise his voice. On hearing the shouts P.W. 2, P.W. 3 and P.W. 4 came out of their house and proceeded towards the house of the appellant. The extra judicial confession is made immediately after the incident. It was voluntary and unambiguous. The confessional statement made immediately after the incident would be heard by the persons residing in the neighbouring houses which in the instant case are none else than the real brother of the appellant and his sister-in-law. P.W. 3 also speaks of the extra judicial confession. The testimony of P.W. 3 corroborates the statement of P.W. 2. The extra judicial confession made by the appellant in the form of shouts immediately after the incident can be accepted as true and free from suspicion. P.W. 2, P.W. 3 and P.W. 4 had seen iron sickle (Palkoyata) having bloodstains on the blade and the handle. The appellant threw the sickle on the platform of his house and ran away. The evidence of P.W. 2 and P.W. 3 indicates that they reached the house of the appellant immediately after they heard shouts. They saw him throwing the sickle and running away. The panchanama of the scene of offence (Exh. 9) shows that the sickle having blood on the blade and the handle was lying on the platform of the house. The Chemical Analyser's report indicates that the sickle [Article A(1)] had human blood of 'B' group on the blade and the handle. The appellant was arrested on May 16, 1992 immediately after the incident which occurred on May 15, 1992. The clothes on his person viz. white banian and blue half pant were attached under panchanama (Exh. 16). P.W. 1 proved the panchanama. The Chemical Analyser's report (Exh. The appellant was arrested on May 16, 1992 immediately after the incident which occurred on May 15, 1992. The clothes on his person viz. white banian and blue half pant were attached under panchanama (Exh. 16). P.W. 1 proved the panchanama. The Chemical Analyser's report (Exh. 35) reveals that the blood collected on these articles was human blood of 'B' group. 5. P.W. 3 deposed that the wife of the appellant returned to the village after the appellant had returned back to the village from the Mental Hospital. The evidence of P.W. 2 and P.W. 3 indicates that the appellant had been living with his wife and children happily and that even on the fateful day they were together in the appellant's house. 6. The post mortem was conducted by P.W. 5. He found the following external and internal injuries respectively on the dead body of the deceased Madhavi. "1. Incised wound post aspect of neck 10" x 4" x 2" directed forward downward. 2. Incised wound over right shoulder 2" x 1" x 1/2". C 7 T 1 cut structures-spinal cord transaction. Right and left lungs conjested. Fracture of spine C-7 T 1 transaction of spinal cord at level and C 7 T 1". He also found the following external and internal injuries respectively on the dead body of Sharad. "1. Incised wound at level of C 1 6" x 2" x 1" from left maxillary process to mastoid process of right side directed forward downwards. 2. Incised wound 4" x 1" from medial side of left scapula to medial side of right scapula. 3. Incised wound parallel to No. II 2" x 1" x 1/2" downwards medially. 4. Incised wound left shoulder post aspect 11/2" x 1/2". Fracture of occipito joint. Spinal cord transaction at level at occipito joint". According to him, the cause of death was due to injury to spinal cord. He categorically stated that the injuries found on the dead bodies were caused within 24 hours and by sharp cutting weapon. He further pointed out that the injuries could be caused by the appellant with a weapon like sickle. P.W. 5 also found semi digested food in the large and small intestine of Madhavi. He also found 10 to 15 grams of milk in the small intestine of Sharad. He further pointed out that the injuries could be caused by the appellant with a weapon like sickle. P.W. 5 also found semi digested food in the large and small intestine of Madhavi. He also found 10 to 15 grams of milk in the small intestine of Sharad. This lends credence to the testimony of P.W. 4 who has stated that the appellant had asked his wife to take meals at about 1 to 1.30 p.m. on May 15, 1992. 7. The clothes from the body of Madhavi and Sharad were attached by panchanama Exhs. 10 and 11 respectively. The clothes worn by the appellant which were attached immediately after his arrest on 16th May, 1992 (Panchanama Exh. 16) and Chemical Analyser's report (Exh. 35) point out that the clothes - sari, petticoat, blouse, T shirt, banian and half shirt had human blood of 'B' group on it. The blood group on the cloth worn by the appellant and the deceased tallies. The blood on sickle (weapon of assault) had also blood group 'B'. The Chemical Analyser's report furnish a very strong link that the appellant assaulted his wife and son. The appellant did not furnish any explanation for the dead bodies being found in his house. This fact was casually with his knowledge and he was to render explanation for this and no explanation was so rendered. 8. The prosecution only relied upon circumstantial evidence. It is undisputed that where the prosecution relies on circumstantial evidence alone to prove the guilt, the facts and circumstances from which the conclusion of guilt is sought to be drawn must be fully established beyond any reasonable doubt, and the facts and circumstances should not only be consistent with the guilt of the accused but they must be such in their effect as to be entirely incompatible with the innocence of the accused and must exclude every reasonable hypothesis, consistent with his innocence. The circumstantial evidence brought on record and marshalled above is consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of the appellant. 9. The appellant has led evidence to show that he was admitted in the Mental Hospital, Ratnagiri from November 5, 1990 to December 5, 1990 in the first instance. He was discharged on December 5, 1990 on parol and finally on February 12, 1991. 9. The appellant has led evidence to show that he was admitted in the Mental Hospital, Ratnagiri from November 5, 1990 to December 5, 1990 in the first instance. He was discharged on December 5, 1990 on parol and finally on February 12, 1991. He was again admitted in the Mental Hospital on March 11, 1991 to May 10, 1991 and from September 16, 1991 to December 5, 1991 and lastly on July 25, 1992 to October 13, 1992. On the last occasion he was admitted in the Mental Hospital at the instance of the jail authorities of Sindhudurg District. The doctor diagonised that the appellant was suffering from Paranoid Schizophrenia and was administered anit-psychotic drugs. The evidence has on record that the appellant had given a wooden stick blow on the head of the complainant at the time of the Ganesh Chaturthi festival in the year 1991 under the attack of lunacy. He also put on fire heap of grass and a complaint to this effect was lodged by P.W. 2. The evidence brought on record suggests that the appellant was suffering from schizophrenia during the above period. But the Court is only concerned with the state of mind of the appellant at the time of the incident. The state of mind before and after the incident may be relevant factor but is not conclusive. The appellant would be entitled to the protection provided under section 84 of I.P.C. if he had established the state of his mind at the time when the offence was committed by him. Section 84 of the Indian Penal Code provides that nothing is an offence which is done by a person who, at the time of doing it, by reason of unsoundness of mind, was incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or that he was doing what is either wrong or contrary to law. The accused has to place material facts before the Court sufficient to make it consider the existence of such circumstances so probable that a prudent man would act upon them. The accused has to satisfy the standard of a prudent man. If the material placed before the Court, such as, oral and documentary evidence, presumption, admissions or even the prosecution evidence satisfies the test of prudent man, the accused will have discharged his burden. The appellant has failed to discharge the burden in the instant case. The accused has to satisfy the standard of a prudent man. If the material placed before the Court, such as, oral and documentary evidence, presumption, admissions or even the prosecution evidence satisfies the test of prudent man, the accused will have discharged his burden. The appellant has failed to discharge the burden in the instant case. The prosecution has not attributed any motive to the appellant. However, mere absence of proof of motive would not by itself show that the appellant was insane although it could be a factor taken into consideration along with other circumstances while judging such plea of the appellant. The appellant had to establish his state of mind at the time when he committed the offence in order to take benefit of the exception carved out in section 84 of the Indian Penal Code but he has failed to do so. In (Dahyabhai v. State of Gujarat)1, A.I.R. 1964 S.C. 1563, in paragraph 9 of the judgment the Apex Court observed thus : "The crucial point of time for ascertaining the state of mind of the accused is the time when the offence was committed". (Emphasis supplied) The appellant did not discharge the burden of establishing the plea of legal insanity which lay heavily on him and he is thus not entitled to the benefit of section 84 of the Indian Penal Code. 11. We find no merit in the appeal and the same is accordingly dismissed. Conviction and sentence are upheld. Appeal dismissed. *****