ekuuh; U;k;kf/kifr feÙky-&fo}ku vij lSku U;k;k/khk] ukxkSj ds fu.kZ; fnukad 30-7-87 ds fo:) ;g iqujh{k.k ;kfpdk izLrqr dh xbZ gS] ftlds }kjk iqujh{kd dh /kkjk 7 lifBr 16] [kk| vifeJ.k fuokj.k vf/kfu;e] 1954 ds vijk/k ds fy, fo}ku eq[; U;kf;d eftLVªsV] ukxkSj }kjk fu.kZ; fnukad 25-10-78 }kjk dh xbZ nks"kflf) ,oa n.Mknsk dh iqf"V dh xbZ gSA iqujh{kd dks mDr vijk/k ds fy, 6 ekg dBksj dkjkokl o ,d gtkj :i;s vFkZ n.M] vFkZ n.M u nsus ij rhu ekg dBksj dkjkokl ls n.Mkfn"V fd;k gSA ¼2½- fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd iqujh{kd ,oa fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd }kjk izLrqr fd, x, rdZ ds foys"k.k gsrq vko;d laf{kIr rF; bl izdkj gS fd fnukad 22-12-73 dks ykMuw esa iqujh{kd dh nqdku ls [kk| fujh{kd gfjfdku us ?kh dk uewuk ysdj lhy ekSgj fd;k vkSj yksd foys"kd jktLFkku] t;iqj ls tkap izfrosnu fuEu izdkj ls izkIr gqvk% "It further certify that I have caused to be analysed the aforementioned sample and declare the result of the analysis to be as follows:- B.R. reading at 40.Co________________________45.2 Reichert value______________________________0.48% Free fatty acid as olic acid___________________ 0.06% Moisture content___________________Highly positive Bau douin test______________________________Nill Added colouring matter_____________________Nill Sediment__________________________________Nill and am of opinion that the sample is adulterated as it does not conform to the prescribed standards of purity." mDr tkap izfrosnu fnukad 24-1-74 dk gSA yksd foys"kd] jktLFkku] t;iqj }kjk tkap gsrq uewuk 5 fnlEcj] 1973 dks izkIr fd;k x;k Fkk ijUrq uewuk tkap fd, tkus dh rkjh[k mDr tkap izfrosnu ls izdV ugha gksrh gSA ¼3½- rRipkr~ vfHk;qDr }kjk fy, x, uewus dh tkap dsUnzh; [kk| iz;ksxkkyk ls djokbZ ftldk tkap izfrosnu fnukad 21-11-77 gS] ftlls izdV gksrk gS fd uewuk tkap gsrq 24-10-77 dks izkIr gqvk vkSj tkap izfrosnu ifj.kke fuEu izdkj ls gS%& "Moisture : 1.45% butyro-refractometer reading at 40 c : 40.2 Reichert value : 27.9 Free fatty acid as oleic acid : 11.3% Colouring matter : Absent Baudouin test : Negative Halphen test : Negative Opinion :-The sample og Ghee is adulterated u/s. 2 (Ia) (m)" bl izdkj vfHk;qDr ls fy;k x;k uewuk mDr tkap izfrosnu ds vuqlkj /kkjk 2 ¼Ia½ ¼,e½ [kk| vifeJ.k fuokj.k vf/kfu;e] 1954 ftls vkxs ^^fu;e] 1954** ls lEcksfU/kr fd;k tk;sxk½ esa vifefJr gksuk ik;k vkSj bl vk/kkj ij iqujh{kd dks mijksDr of.kZr vuqlkj nks"kflf) dj n.Mkfn"V fd;k x;kA ¼4½ ^^vf/kfu;e] 1954** dh /kkjk 2 ¼Ia½¼,e½ fuEu izdkj ls gS%& "(m) if the qnality or purity of the article falls below the prescribed standard oer its constitutents are present in qualities not within the prescribed limits of variability but which does not render it injurious to health: Provided that, where the quality or purity of the article, being primary food has fallen below the presecibed standards or its constituents are present in quantities not within the prescribed limits of variability, in either case, solely due to natural causes and beyoned the control of human agency, then, such article shall not be deemed to be adulterated within the meaning of this sub-clause..." ^^ mDr izko/kku ds vuqlkj tkap izfrosnu ls iqujh{kd ls fy;k x;k] inkFkZ fu/kkZfjr kq)rk ds vuq:i ugha ik;k x;kA vr% vifefJr gksuk ekuk x;kA mDr izko/kku esa ;g Hkh O;oLFkk gS fd ;fn fdlh Hkh izkFkfed [kk| inkFkZ dh kq)rk vFkok fdLe fu/kkZfjr Lrj ls uhph fxjh gqbZ ikbZ tkrh gS vkSj mlds rRo fu/kkZfjr ek=k ls de vFkok fHkUu gS ijUrq ;fn ,slk izkd`frd dkj.kksa ls vkSj ekuo fu;a=.k ds ckgj dkj.kksa ls ;fn gqvk gS rc ,sls inkFkZ dks mDr izko/kku ds vUrxZr vifefJr gksuk ugha le>k tkosxkA ¼5½- ?kh dk fu/kkZfjr Lrj ,- 11-2-21 [kk| vifeJ.k fuokj.k fu;e] 1955 ¼ftls vkxs ^^fu;e 1955** ls lEcksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½ esa nkkZ;k x;k gS vkSj Øe la[;k 26 ij jktLFkku ds nks {ks=ksa ds fy, fu/kkZfjr Lrj crk;k x;k gS] tks fuEu izdkj gS%& S.No. Name of the State/ Union Territory Butyro-refractometer reading 40oC Mainimum Reichert Value Percentage of FFA as Oleic acid (Max.) Moisture (Max.) 26 Rajasthan : (a) Area other than Jodhpur Division 40.0 to 43.0 26 73 3.0 0.5 (b) Jodhpur Division 41.5 to 45.0 21 3.0 0.5 ¼6½- iqujh{kd dh vksj ls loZizFke ;g cgl dh xbZ gS fd tks/kiqj fMfotu ds fy, fu/kkZfjr ?kh dk Lrj bl ekeys esa ykxw fd;k tk jgk gS D;ksafd ykMuw ftyk ukxkSj esa gS tgka iqujh{kd dh nqdku gS ogkWa ls uewuk fy;k x;k gS] tks tks/kiqj fMfotu esa vkrk gSA ijUrq 16 fd-xzk- ds Vhu esa ls ?kh fy;k x;k gS vkSj dsoy bl dkj.k fd ykMuw esa iqujh{kd dh nqdku gS tgka ls uewuk fy;k x;k gS] ;g ugha ekuk tk ldrk fd ?kh dk mRiknu tks/kiqj fMohtu esa gh gqvk gksxk D;ksafd cspus ds fy, ?kh ckgj ls Hkh fy;k tk ldrk gS] vr% mudk rdZ gS fd nksuksa Lrj esa ls og Lrj ykxw fd;k tkuk pkfg, tks iqujh{kd ds i{k esa gSA ge fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd iqujh{kd ds bl rdZ ls lger gS D;ksafd ?kh dk uewuk fy;s tkrs le; [kk| fujh{kd }kjk ;g tkudkjh ugha dh xbZ gS fd ;g ?kh tks/kiqj fMfotu vFkok vU; LFkku ls yk;k gqvk gSA ?kh ds tc vyx vyx nks Lrj fn, x, gS rc ;g [kk| fujh{kd dk drZO; gS fd og ;g Hkh tkudkjh djs fd iqujh{kd ds vuqlkj ;g ?kh fdl txg ls eaxk;k x;k gSA ijUrq ,slh tkudkjh ugha djus ds dkj.k dsoy tks/kiqj [k.M esa fLFkr ykMuw kgj esa nqdku gksus ek= ls gh vko;d :i ls fu/kkZfjr Lrj tks/kiqj fMohtu dk ugha fy;k tkuk pkfg,A tks Hkh fLFkfr gS] izLrqr ekeys esa ?kh dk Lrj og fy;k tkuk pkfg, tks fd iqujh{kd ds i{k esa vf/kd gSA vr% bl ekeys esa ge dsUnzh; [kk| iz;ksxkkyk ds urhts dk feyku tks/kiqj fMohtu ls vyx {ks= ds fy, fu/kkZfjr Lrj ls djuk U;k;ksfpr 73 ikrs gSA ¼7½- ;fn bl izdkj ls dsUnzh; [kk| iz;ksxkkyk ds tkap izfrosnu dk voyksdu fd;k tk, rks og izdV gksrk gS fd ueh dh ek=k 0-5 ds LFkku ij 1-05 izfrkr gS] tks vf/kd gSA nwljk ;g fd ^^fQzQsVh ,flM ,l vkSfyd ,lhM** 11-3 izfrkr ik;k x;k gS tcfd ;g fo|eku ugha gksuk pkfg;sA bl izdkj vU; rRo ^^cVhjks jsQzsDVksehVj jhfMx ,V 40; lh** ij 40-2 gS tks fu/kkZfjr Lrj ds vUrxZr gSA ^^jhpVZ osY;w-** Hkh 27-9 gS] og Hkh iw.kZ gSA vr% ;g izdV gksrk gS fd ueh dh mDr ek=k vkSj vkSfyd ,lhM dh mDr ek=k ds dkj.k ?kh ds uewus dks fu/kkZfjr Lrj dk ugha ekudj vifefJr Bgjk;k x;k gSA ¼8½- fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd iqujh{kd dh bu nksuksa rF;ksa ds lEcU/k esa ;g nyhy gS fd ;fn uewuk lgh rjhds ls lkQ lqFkjh lw[kh khfk;ksa esa ugha fy;k x;k gS vkSj lgh lhy ekSgj ugha fd;k x;k gS vFkok dkQh vof/k ds ipkr~ tkap djus ij ueh dh ek=k dkQh c<+ tkrh gS vkSj muds vuqlkj bl ekeys esa ,slk gh gqvk gS vkSj blh dkj.k vkSfyd ,lhM Hkh 11-3 izfrkr ik;k x;k gSA vr% yEch vof/k ds ipkr uewus ds iM+s jgus ds dkj.k mDr deh vkbZ gS vkSj blds fy, iqujh{kd dks mRrjnk;h ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrk D;ksafd ;g izkd`frd dkj.k ls rFkk ekuo fu;a=.k ds ckgj dh ifjfLFkfr ds dkj.k gqvk gSA bl lEcU/k esa gekjk /;ku vfHkys[k ij Jh vkksd HkV~Vkpk;Z] eq[; yksd foys"kd] jktLFkku] t;iqj ds dFku dh vksj vkdf"kZr fd;k gS vkSj ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k gS fd bl dFku ls mDr nksuksa rF;ksa dh iqf"V gksrh gSA geus bl rdZ ij xEHkhjrk iwoZd fopkj fd;kA uewuk fnukad 22-11-73 dks fy;k x;k Fkk tcfd dsUnzh; [kk| iz;ksxkkyk dk tkap izfrosnu 21-11-77 dk gS vkSj ;g izdV gksrk gS fd yxHkx pkj o"kZ ckn uewus dh tkap dh xbZ gSA [kk| fujh{kd] gjh fdku ¼vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k&1 ds dFku ls dgha ;g Li"V ugha gksrk vkSj fl) ugha gksrk gS fd ftu khfk;ksa esa uewuk fy;k x;k Fkk og lkQ lqFkjh ,oa lw[kh Fkh vkSj ;g Hkh fl) ugha gksrk gS fd uewuk ysus ds iwoZ ?kh dks vPNh rjg fgyk ?kqyk fy;k x;k gksA bl lUnHkZ esa geus Jh vkksd HkV~Vkpk;Z ds dFku dk voyksdu fd;kA ¼9½- Jh vkksd HkV~Vkpk;Z us dFku fd;k gS fd ;fn cksry ,;j VkbZV ugha gS rks ueh le; chrus ij ?kVus dh lEHkkouk jgrh gS ;k ugha] ;g ugha dg ldrkA vkxs dFku fd;k gS fd ;fn [kjkc rjhds ls ?kh dk Hk.Mkj.k fd;k x;k gS] ;fn uewuk Bhd ls ?kqyk feykdj ugha fy;k x;k gS rks ;g ,sls dkj.k gS ftu ij urhtk fuHkZj djrk gSA tkap djus esa Hkh nks foks"kKksa esa ikap izfrkr dk vUrj gks ldrk gSA le; chrus ds lkFk&lkFk ^^Qzh QsVh ,lhM** ds c<+us dh lEHkkouk gSA Ms<+ nks lky esa ;g pkSxquk gks ldrk gS vkSj ,sls Hkh ekeys vk, gS fd ikap xq.kk Hkh gks tkrk gSA ;fn Hk.Mkj.k lgh fd;k gS rks ;g vf/kd c<+ tkrk gSA vr% bl dFku ds vk/kkj ij bl ;qfDr;qDr lEHkkouk dks vioftZr ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd dkQh vof/k ds ipkr~ tkap djus ds dkj.k vkSj lgh :i ls uewuk lhycUn ugha djuk vFkok Hk.Mkju ugha djuk rFkk lkQ lqFkjh khkh esa uewuk ugha fy, tkus ds QyLo:i bl ekeys esa ueh dh ek=k vkSj vkSfyd ,lhM dh ek=k c<+ xbZ gSA bl fLFkfr dk leFkZu usejkt cuke jkT; ¼fnYyh izkklu½ ¼1½] ls gksrk gS] ftlesa Hkh uewus dh tkap dsUnzh; [kk| iz;ksxkkyk easa rhu lky ckn gqbZ Fkh vkSj ^^Qzh QsVh ,lhM vkSfyd ,lhM** 25 izfrkr ds LFkku ij 42-2 izfrkr gks x;k rFkk rc fuEu er vfHkO;Dr fd;k x;k% "There was every possibility of the free fatty acid content 73 of the sample having increased enormously by oxidation during storage. We are afraid that on the facts of this particular case we have to accept the submission made on behalf of the appellant. The report of the Director, Central Food Laboratory, Calcutta having superseded the report of the Public Analyst, the prosecution must stand or fall or the report of the Director, Central Food Laboratory. The report shows that there was 42.2% of "free fatty acid as oleic acid" as against the permissible 25% Prima facie the sample was adulterated. The burden of proving that the free fatty acid content of the vanaspati had increased due to natural causes was upon the appellant. But in the present case the burden is sufficiently discharged by the very passage of so long a time as three years from the date of taking the sample to the date of the analysis by the Director, Central Food Laboratory. But in the present case the burden is sufficiently discharged by the very passage of so long a time as three years from the date of taking the sample to the date of the analysis by the Director, Central Food Laboratory. That oxidation due to exposure to air has the effect of increasing the free fatty acid content of edible fats and oil cannot be disputed." ¼10½- vr% gekjs le{k izLrqr ekeys esa Hkh fcYdqy ;gh fLFkfr gS vkSj ;g ueh vkSj vkSfyd ,lhM dh ek=k Hk.Mkju ds nkSjku pkj o"kZ chrus ds dkj.k gqbZ gS tks ,d izkd`frd dkj.k gS vkSj ekuo fu;a=.k ds ijs gS] ftlds fy, iqujh{kd dks mRrjnk;h ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrkA nksuksa tkap izfrosnu esa vk, urhts esa Hkh ,sls xaHkhj fojks/kkHkk"k gS tks ,d lkFk vfLrRo esa ugha jg ldrsA Bavdorim test dsUnzh; [kk| iz;ksxkkyk ds tkap izfrosnu esa udkjkRed gSA blh izdkj dyfjax eSVj Hkh udkjkRed gS tcfd yksd foys"kd] jktLFkku] t;iqj ds tkap izfrosnu esa Bavdorim test vR;f/kd ldkjkRed ik;k x;k gS vkSj bl lEcU/k esa vkksd HkV~Vkpk;Z us ;g Li"V dFku fd;k gS fd ;fn Bavdorim test dkQh ldkjkRed gS rks fQj tkap djus ij ;g udkjkRed ugha gks ldrkA ;g Hkh Lohdkj fd;k gS fd ;fn tuojh] 1974 esa ueh 0-06 izfrkr Fkh rks uoEcj] 1977 esa ;g 1-45 izfrkr ugha gksuh pkfg,A vr% ;g lq>ko fn;k x;k fd ;g uewus vyx&vyx izdkj ds gksus pkfg,] ftldk mRrj ;g fn;k x;k gS fd bl lEcU/k esa og ugha dg ldrk ;g U;k;ky; }kjk gh fu.kZ; fd;k tk ldrk gSA ¼11½- vr% mDr fojks/kkHkk"k dk Hkh dksbZ Li"Vhdj.k vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls ugha gqvk gS tcfd yksd foys"kd ds dFku Hkh ys[kc) gq, gSA ge bl fu"d"kZ ij igqaprs gS fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; ,oa vihy U;k;ky; nksuksa }kjk mDr ifjis{; esa dsUnzh; [kk| iz;ksxkkyk dh tkap izfrosnu dk foys"k.k ,oa ewY;kadu ugha fd;k x;k gS] vr% mDr foys"k.k ds vk/kkj ij ge bl fu"d"kZ ij igqaprs gS fd iqujh{kd ls fy;k x;k ?kh dk uewuk vifefJr gksuk fl) ugha gksrk gS vkSj mlds fo:) /kkjk 7 lifBr 16] ^^vf/kfu;e] 1954** dk vkjksi fl) ugha gqvk gSA vr% vk{ksfir fu.kZ; ;Fkkor j[ks tkus ;ksX; ugha gSA ¼12½- ,d vU; dkj.k ls Hkh ;g iqujh{k.k ;kfpdk Lohdkj fd, tkus ;ksX; gS fd iqujh{kd ds /kkjk 313 na-iz-la- ds vUrxZr dFku ys[kc) djrs le; vfHkys[k ij lk{; ds lEcU/k esa izu iwNk x;k gS ftuesa dsUnzh; [kk| iz;ksxkkyk vkSj yksd foys"kd] t;iqj ds tkap izfrosnuksa ds lEcU/k esa dksbZ izu ugha iwNk x;k gS vkSj iqujh{kd dks dsUnzh; [kk| iz;ksxkkyk ls izkIr urhtksa ds lEcU/k esa Li"Vhdj.k djus rFkk izfrj{kk djus dk dksbZ volj ugha feyk gS vkSj bl vk/kkj ij Hkh dsUnzh; [kk| iz;ksxkkyk dk tkap izfrosnu iqujh{kd ds fo:) lk{; esa iz;qDr ugha fd;k tk ldrk vkSj ;gh tkap izfrosnu nks"kfl) dk eq[; vk/kkj cuk gSA ¼13½- fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd us ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k gS fd bl laca/k esa izu iwNs tkus ij iqujh{kd ds izfrj{kk ds vf/kdkjksa ij dksbZ nwf"kr izHkko ugha iM+k gS D;ksafd mls izkjEHk ls gh ;g Kku jgk gS fd mlls fy;k x;k ?kh dk uewuk vifefJr ik;k x;k gS vkSj bl lEcU/k esa mlds fo:) vUoh{kk dh tk jgh gSA ;g Hkh cgl dh xbZ gS fd ;fn U;k;ky; vko;d le>s rks ekeys dks izfrizsf"kr dj bl lEcU/k esa iqujh{kd dks Li"Vhdj.k djus dk ekSdk ds ldrk gS vkSj rRipkr~ bldk fu.kZ; fd;k tkosA ¼14½- ijUrq ge fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd ds mDr rdZ ls lger ugha gS fd vc bruh vof/k ds ipkr~ ;g ekeyk izfrizsf"kr fd;k tkosA ?kh dk vifefJr gksus ds tkap izfrosnu] ftls nks"kflf) dk vk/kkj cuk;k x;k gS mls ;fn /kkjk 313] n-iz-la- ds vUrxZr iqujh{kd ls izu dj Li"Vhdj.k ugha fy;k x;k gS rc fufpr :Ik ls iqujh{kd ds egRoiw.kZ izfrj{kk ds vf/kdkj ij nwf"kr izHkko iM+k gSA bl lEcU/k esa izu iwNs tkus ij /kkjk 313] na-iz-la- ds vUrxZr fy, x, dFkuksa dk dksbZ iz;kstu ugha jg tkrkA vr% ,sls ekeyksa esa fopkj.k U;k;ky;ksa dks vR;Ur lko/kkuh j[krs gq, tkap izfrosnuksa ds lEcU/k esa tks urhts izkIr gq, gS mls Li"V :i ls foLrkj ls izu cukrs gq, vfHk;qDr ds dFku ds le; mldk Li"Vhdj.k ysuk vko;d gS vkSj mls ;g tkudkjh nsuk vko;d gS fd fdl izdkj dh tkap fjiksVZ izkIr gqbZ gSA yksd foys"kd] t;iqj ds tkap izfrosnu dh izfrfyfi rks vfHk;qDr dks Hksth tkrh gS ijUrq dsUnzh; [kk| iz;ksxkkyk ds tkap izfrosnu U;k;ky; }kjk izkIr fd;k tkrk gS rc bl lEcU/k esa izu iwNuk vR;Ur vfuok;Z gS D;ksafd ;g tkap izfrosnu yksd foys"kd }kjk fn, x, tkap izfrosnu dks vf/kf"Br djrk gSA vr% bl dkj.k Hkh dsUnzh; [kk| iz;ksxkkyk ds tkap izfrosnu dk vfHk;qDr ds fo:) lk{; ds :i esa iz;ksx ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA QyLo:i ;g iqujh{k.k ;kfpdk Lohdkj fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA ¼15½- vr% ;g iqujh{k.k ;kfpdk Lohdkj dh tkrh gSA fo}ku eq[; U;kf;d eftLVªssªªsV] ukxkSj dk fu.kZ; fnukad 25-10-78 ,oa fo}ku vij lsku U;k;k/khk] ukxkSj ikfjr vk{ksfir fu.kZ; fnukad 30-7-87 vikLr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj iqujh{kd >qejey dks /kkjk 7 lifBr 16] [kk| vifeJ.k fuokj.k vf/kfu;e] 1954] ds vkjksi ls nks"keqDr fd;k tkrk gSA iqujh{kd tekur ij Lora= gS] mlds tekur eqryds eUlw[k fd, tkrs gSA