ekuuh; U;k;kf/kifr] kekZ-&;g iqujh{k.k ;kfpdk eqaflQ ,oa U;kf;d eftLVªsV] /kkSyiqj ds ml vknsk dh fo:) izLrqr dks xbZ gS ftlds }kjk gLr{ksidrkZ Hkxokuflag] ineflag] ftrsUnz o eqUuhyky }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuk i= varxZr vknsk 1 fu;e 10¼2½ O;ogkj izfØ;k lafgrk Lohdkj dj mUgsa okn esa i{kdkj cuk;s tkus dk vknsk iznku fd;k x;k gSA ¼2½- la{ksi esa izdj.k ds rF; bl izdkj gS fd gLr{ksidrkZ Hkxoku flag] ineflag] ftrsUnz o eqUuhyky us fnukad 3-11-1992 dks ,d vkosnu vUrxZr vknsk 1 fu;e 10¼2½] O;ogkj izfØ;k lafgrk bl vkk; dk izLrqr fd;k Fkk fd izkFkhZx.k Jherh fokunsoh o Jherh jkenqykjh us uxj ikfydk e.My] /kkSyiqj ds fo:) jkLrs dh tehu ds lEcU/k esa tks okn izLrqr gS og jkLrk ckM+k QkStnkjku ds vUnj jgus okys yksxksa ds vkus&tkus dk ,d ek= jkLrk gS tcfd izkFkhZx.k mls viuk futh jkLrk ekudj uxjikfydk dks bl jkLrs esa [kjatk yxkus ls jksduk pkgrs gSA uxj ikfydk dks jkLrs dh ns[kHkky djus] [kjatk yxkus o ejEer djkus dk vf/kdkj gs vkSj mlesa mudk Hkh fgr fufgr gS vr% mUgsa okn esa i{kdkj cuk;k tkosA ¼3½- gLr{ksidrkZx.k ds vkosnu i= dk mRrj izkFkhZx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr fd;k x;k gS ftlesa ;g dfFkr fd;k x;k fd fookfnr jkLrk lkoZtfud ugha gSA fookfnr njoktk mudh futh lEifRr gS rFkk mDr njokts ds lEcU/k esa iwoZ esa Hkxoku flag o ine flag ¼gLr{ksidrkZ x.k½ us ,d okn izLrqr fd;k FkkA ine flag us mDr okn dks ckn esa okfil ys fy;k o fookfnr njokts dks izkFkhZx.k ds firk dh lEifRr ekuk x;kA vr% ml njokts dh Hkwfe esa uxj ikfydk us dksbZ [kjatk ugha cuk;k gS vkSj gLr{ksidrkZx.k dks izdj.k esa i{kdkj cuk;s fcuk Hkh izdj.k dk fuLrkj.k izHkkoh <ax ls gks ldrk gS rFkk izkFkhZx.k dh bPNk ds fo:) U;k;ky; }kjk fdlh dks Hkh i{kdkj ugha cuk;k tk ldrk blfy, gLr{ksidrkZx.k dk izkFkZuk i= [kkfjt fd;k tkosA ¼4½- v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us gLr{ksidrkZx.k dk izkFkZuk i= Lohdkj djrs gq, mUgsa okn ds mfpr ,oa izHkkoh fup; gsrq okn i= esa i{kdkj cuk;s tkus dk vknsk ikfjr fd;k ftlls O;fFkr gksdj izkFkhZx.k@oknhx.k us ;g iqujh{k.k ;kfpdk izLrqr dh gSA ¼5½- eSaus mHk; i{kdkjksa ds fo}ku vf/koDrkx.k ds rdksZa dks /;ku iwoZd lquk ,oa i=koyh dk voyksdu fd;kA ¼6½- izkFkhZx.k ds lq;ksX; vf/koDrk Jh dey u;u Jheky dk rdZ gS fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us izdj.k ds rF;ksa dks xyr dks.k ls ns[kk gS vkSj fookfnr vknsk }kjk {ks=kf/kdkj ls ijs tkdj gLr{ksidrkZx.k dk vkosnu i= Lohdkj fd;k gSA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us bl rF; ij drbZ xkSj ugha fd;k fd gLr{ksidrkZx.k tks vuqrks"k okn izLrqr dj izkIr ugha dj lds og vuqrks"k mUgksaus ekStwnk izdj.k esa i{kdkj cudj izkIr djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA ckaM+s ,oa njokts dks fookfnr Hkwfe ds lEcU/k esa oS/krk dk izu izfri{kh Øe 2 yxk;r 5 ds fo:) fnukad 9-11-1987 esa izdj.k la[;k 314@1974 esa fuf.kZr gks pqdk gS vkSj mDr fu.kZ; jslT;wMh dsVk dk izHkko j[krk gSA vr% izfroknhx.k bl okn fcUnq dks iqu% i`Fkd okn izLrqr dj ugha mBk ldrs vkSj bl izdkj izfri{khx.k Øe 2 yxk;r 5 dks izkFkhZx.k@oknhx.k }kjk izLrqr okn esa i{kdkj cuk;k tkdj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us voS/kkfudrk dh gSA ¼7½- izfri{khx.k ds vf/koDrkx.k us v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds vknsk dk leFkZu fd;k vkSj iqujh{k.k ;kfpdk [kkfjt fd;s tkus dh izkFkZuk dhA ¼8½- izkFkhZx.k ds lq;ksX; vf/koDrk Jh dey u;u Jheky us vius rdksZ ds leFkZu esa U;k;ky; dk /;ku Qrgjkt ,oa vU; cuke lwjt :i o vU; ¼1½ dh vksj vkdf"kZr fd;kA ftlesa bl U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS& "That the applicants had no right to open doors and windows on khala land, belonging to the State. The State had the same rights over its land as any private owner. Therefore, the applicants had nolegal interest in the subject matter of the suit and (2) that the applicants could not be impleaded in the suit merely with the object of enabling them to see that it is properly defendned." blh izdkj mUgksaus vius i{k esa U;k;ky; dk /;ku etgj gqlSu cuke kQh ekSgEen oxSj ¼2½- esa ikfjr fu.kZ; dh vksj vkdf"kZr fd;kA ftlesa Hkh bl U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd& "The plaintiff being generally dominus litus, he cannot be compelled to fight against some other litigant not of his own choice unless such a process required by a positive rule of law. Order 1, rule 10(2) is applicable to two classes of cases only, one class is where he ought to have been joined as a plaintiff or a defendant and is not so jointed. That is case of a necessary party. The other class is where without his presence the questions in the suit cannot be effectually and completely decided. The court has no power to join a person as a party who claims to belong to this class unless it is prima facie satisfied about the plausibility of his claim. That is case of a necessary party. The other class is where without his presence the questions in the suit cannot be effectually and completely decided. The court has no power to join a person as a party who claims to belong to this class unless it is prima facie satisfied about the plausibility of his claim. Rule 10(2) cannot be read as requiring all persons who choose to lay claim to any sort of right, title or interest in respect of any portion of the subject of a suit to be made a party." ¼9½- v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us ftu vk/kkjksa ij viuk vknsk vk/kkfjr fd;k gS muls eSa lger ugha gwa D;ksafd esjs fopkj esa gLr{ksidrkZx.k dk dksbZ fgr okn esa fufgr ugha gS rFkk okn ds izHkkoh fuLrkj.kds fy, mudks i{kdkj cuk;k tkuk vko;d ugha gSA O;ogkj izfØ;k lafgrk ds vknsk 1 fu;e 10¼2½ dk iz;ksx bl izdj.k ds rF;ksa dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, vko;d ugha Fkk D;ksafd fookfnr njokts dh txg [kjatk vko;d gS ;k ugha\ ;k uxj ikfydk dks jkLrs dh Hkwfe dh ns[kHkky djus dk vf/kdkj gS vFkok ugha\ ;g rF; uxjikfydk e.My] /kkSyiqj }kjk okn dk oknksRrj izLrqr djds ;Fkksfpr rdZ izlrqr djds okn dks fuf.kZr djk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj mDr fcUnqvksa dks izHkkoh <ax ls fuLrkfjr djus gsrq gLr{ksidrkZx.k dks okn esa i{kdkj cuk;s tkus dh vko;drk ugha gSA ;s O;fDr uxjikfydk e.My] /kkSyiqj ds lk{khx.k ds :i esa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k mifLFkr fd, tk ldrs gS vkSj esjs fopkj esa gLr{ksidrkZx.k dk dksbZ fgr mDr okn esa fufgr ugha gSA ¼10½- ifj.kker% ;g iqujh{k.k ;kfpdk Lohdkj dh tkrh gS vkSj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vknsk fnukad 17-4-1992 fujLr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk gLr{ksidrkZx.k okn ls gVk;s tkus ds vknsk fn;s tkrs gSaA ¼11½- izdj.k dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks ns[krs gq, ihfVku dk O;; i{kdkjx.k Lo;a viuk viuk ogu djsaxsA