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1998 DIGILAW 334 (ORI)

SUSHANTA SETHI v. SK. MANJAR ALLI

1998-09-23

P.C.NAIK, R.K.DASH

body1998
JUDGMENT : R.K. Dash, J. - Sushanta Sethi, petitioner herein, in this writ petition under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution of India has prayed to quash the order of the Additional District Judge, Balasore, passed in Civil Revision No. 69 of 1997 rejecting his prayer for interim stay of further proceeding in Misc. Case No. 167 under Order 21, Rule 97, CPC arising out of Execution Case No. 6 of 1996 till the disposal of the Probate Proceeding in Probate Misc. Case No. 3 of 1997 on the file of the District Judge, Balasore. 2. For better appreciation of the questions involved it is necessary to give a brief fact of the case as under : Opposite parties 1 and 2 (hereinafter referred to as 'landlords') are the owners of two rooms having area, of 9'-3"x 14' and 33'xl4' and one shed of size 42'-3"x l8" situated abutting the Balasore Port Road which they let out to Bhikari Charan Sethi, father of the petitioner, on monthly rent basis. In the tenanted premises petitioner's father installed a fabrication unit in the name and style of M/s. Sushant Industries". In 1983 he died leaving behind his son, the petitioner, and widow Saraswati, opposite party No. 3. It is the petitioner's case that his father bequeathed the fabrication unit by a registered Will in his favour when he was a minor. After attaining majority he has approached the District Judge, Balasore, in Misc. Case No. 3 of 1997 for grant of letters of administration in respect of the said Will. In the said proceeding landlords have entered appearance and challenged the petitioner's prayer for grant of letters of administration. The further case of the petitioner is that the landlords initiated an eviction proceeding in H.R.C. Case No. 13 of 1987 u/s 7(1) and (4) of the Orissa House Rent Control Act, 1967 against the opposite party No. 3. In the cause-title she was described as the sole proprietor of 'Sushant Industries'. She contested the case by filing written statement. Her positive assertion was that upon the death of her husband in September, 1983 the said Industries devolved upon her and her son, petitioner herein. In view of such plea taken by opposite party No. 3. the landlords applied to implead the present petitioner as opposite party No. 2. She contested the case by filing written statement. Her positive assertion was that upon the death of her husband in September, 1983 the said Industries devolved upon her and her son, petitioner herein. In view of such plea taken by opposite party No. 3. the landlords applied to implead the present petitioner as opposite party No. 2. There being no objection to such prayer the learned House Rent Controller was of the opinion that the petitioner is a necessary party in whose absence the case could not be properly adjudicated. Accordingly it allowed the prayer of the landlords, whereupon the petitioner was added as opposite party No. 2. But before he was served with notice, his name was deleted from the record. Thus the H.R.C. case proceeded against opposite party No. 3 alone and ultimately order for eviction was passed against her. Though she challenged the order of the House Rent Controller in appeal, but was unsuccessful. She also moved this Court in a writ petition which also met with the same fate. Thereafter the landlords moved the Civil Judge (Junior Division), Balasore in Execution Case No. 6 of 1996 to execute the decree. Coming to know that the aforesaid execution proceeding has been levied against his mother, the petitioner moved the executing Court under Order 21, Rule 97, CPC which was registered as Misc. Case No. 167 of 1997, resisting the landlords' prayer for delivery of possession. In a separate application he also prayed for stay of further proceeding in the Execution Case till disposal of the probate proceeding. Learned executing Court upon hearing stayed further proceeding of the Execution Case. This order of stay was not challenged by the landlords by way of revision. They however, moved this Court under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution of India in O.J.C. No. 9120 of 1997. On the date of admission a contention was raised by the learned counsel for landlords for a direction to the executing Court to dispose of the petition filed under Order 21, Rule 97 CPC within specified time. The above being the limited prayer the Court directed the learned Civil Judge (Junior Division), Balasore, to dispose of the said petition within a period of three months from the date of communication of the order. The petitioner was unaware of the said order since the writ application was disposed of at the stage of admission. The above being the limited prayer the Court directed the learned Civil Judge (Junior Division), Balasore, to dispose of the said petition within a period of three months from the date of communication of the order. The petitioner was unaware of the said order since the writ application was disposed of at the stage of admission. The landlords suppressed the material fact that the petitioner's application for grant of letters of administration is pending adjudication before the District Judge. It is alleged that unless the petitioner's right under the Will is established and letters of administration is issued, no relief can be granted as prayed for in the aforesaid Misc. Case No. 167 of 1997 filed under Order 21, Rule 97, CPC The petitioner, therefore, filed an application for stay of further proceeding in the said Misc. Case till disposal of the probate proceeding. Confronted with the order of this Court passed in the writ petition as aforesaid, the executing Court rejected the prayer. Against the said order of refusal the petitioner moved the District Judge in Civil Revision No. 69 of 1997 which came to be disposed of by the learned Additional District Judge and by the impugned order the appellate Court declined to grant stay with observation that any such direction would contravene the order passed by this Court. Dissatisfied with the order passed by the learned Additional District Judge, the petitioner has filed the present writ petition. 3. Shri B.H. Mohanty, learned counsel for petitioner, contended that the petitioner's father bequeathed the fabrication unit existing over the tenanted premises in favour of the petitioner by a registered Will and in order to obtain grant of letters of administration of the said Will the petitioner has approached the learned District Judge and the matter is now subjudice. Until the probate or letters of administration is granted, the petitioner cannot claim any right or title over the bequeathed property and the relief sought for in the executing Court under Order 21, Rule 97, CPC cannot be granted. Until the probate or letters of administration is granted, the petitioner cannot claim any right or title over the bequeathed property and the relief sought for in the executing Court under Order 21, Rule 97, CPC cannot be granted. Shri Mohanty further urged that since the Will is a registered one its existence cannot be disputed and upon the death of Bhikari Sethi, the owner of the fabrication unit, the property came to the hands of the petitioner and not to his mother, opposite party No. 3 and she cannot be said to have derived the tenancy right in respect of the tenanted premises. Therefore, any agreement entered into between her and the landlord cannot take away the petitioner's right which he acquired under the Will. In the circumstances, contended Shri Mohanty, the learned executing Court should stay its hand in proceeding with hearing of the petition filed under Order 21, Rule 97, CPC till disposal of the probate proceeding. 4. Per contra, Shri S. Mishra-2, learned Counsel appearing for the landlords, submitted that after the death of Bhikari Sethi, the tenant, the tenancy was determined, whereupon a fresh tenancy was created in favour of opposite party No. 3. She being the tenant in eye of law, the landlords in order to evict her from the tenanted premises, moved the House Rent Controller, Balasore. The proceeding was hotly contested between the parties and ultimately order of eviction was passed. Opposite party No. 3 fought the litigation to protect her tenancy right upto this Court but to of no effect. Ultimately when the decree was levied for execution, the petitioner in order to delay the matter filed the petition under Order 21, Rule 97, CPC urging that the fabrication unit belonging to his father has devolved upon him by virtue of a Will and that he, and not his mother, is the tenant in respect of the tenanted premises. Shri Mishra further argued that even if it is accepted for a moment that the Will is a genuine one, but since the fabrication unit has been bequeathed to the petitioner, he acquired right in respect of the said unit and not over the tenanted premises and therefore, the grant of probate or letters of administration will not stand on the way of the landlords to recover possession of the tenanted premises in the execution proceeding. 5. 5. Undisputedly Bhikari Charan Sethi was a tenant in respect of the premises in question under the landlords. Upon his death, he being a statutory tenant, his heirs, namely, the petitioner and opposite party No. 3, inherited his interest in the said premises. It is well settled by the Supreme Court in the case of Damadilal and Others Vs. Parashram and Others that a statutory tenant has heritable interest in the premises. In the said case, the landlords had brought a suit for ejectment against the tenants under the Madhya Pradesh Accommodation Control Act, 1961. The trial Court dismissed the suit. On appeal by the landlords the first appellate Court reversed the trial Court's decision and passed a decree for eviction. Dissatisfied with the decision, the tenants preferred appeal to the High Court. During pendency of the appeal, one of the tenants died, whereupon his legal representatives were brought on record and substituted in his place, without there being any objection. Subsequently another tenant died and his heirs applied for being substituted in his place. The landlords also filed a petition praying for an order that the appeal had abated as a consequence of death of both the tenants. They urged that right of the tenants (since dead) to desist ejectment being personal right was not heritable and had not devolved upon their heirs. The High Court, however, over-ruling their objection allowed the application for substitution. The matter then came to the Supreme Court. A contention was raised on behalf of the landlords that since both the tenants were statutory tenants, they had no heritable interest in the demised premises and on their death, right to prosecute the appeal in the High Court did not survive to their legal representatives. Upon hearing the parties and referring to the definition of 'tenant' in Section 2 (i) of the Madhya Pradesh Accommodation Control Act, 1961, their Lordships in paragraph 12 of the judgment observed : "xxxx It must therefore be held that the predecessors-in-interest of the present respondents had a heritable interest in the premises and consequently the respondents had the right to prosecute the appeal in the High Court xxxxx" The aforesaid view of the Supreme Court applied to the present case, since "tenant" as defined in the Orissa House Rent Control Act, 1 967 is almost similar, with certain variations, to that of the Madhya Pradesh Accommodation Control Act, 1961. 6. The decision in Damadilal (supra) has been followed in the case of Gian Devi Anand Vs. Jeevan Kumar and Others. In paragraph 23 of the judgment the Court observed: "xxxx It is not in dispute that so long as the contractual tenancy creates heritable rights; and, on the death of a contractual tenant, the heirs and legal representatives step into the position of the contractual tenant; and, in the same way on the death of a landlord the heirs and legal representatives of a landlord become entitled to all the rights and privileges of the contractual tenancy and also come under all the obligations under the contractual tenancy. xxxx" Referring to Section 2(i) of the Delhi Rent Control Act, their Lordships further held : "xxxx tenant includes any person continuing in possession after the termination of his tenancy. In the absence of the provision contained in Sub-section 2(l)(iii), the heritable interest of the heirs of the statutory tenant would devolve on all the heirs of the 'so called statutory tenant' on his death and the heirs of such tenant would in law step into his position xxxx" 7. In view of the authoritative pronouncements as aforesaid, I would hold that on death of the statutory tenant, namely, Bhikari Charan Sethi, his interest in the premises devolved upon his legal heirs, namely, the petitioner and opposite party No. 3 being his son and widow respectively. However, after the death of the tenant, the landlords created a fresh tenancy in favour of opposite party No. 3 on the basis of an agreement. Though in the eviction proceeding which was initially filed against opposite party No. 3 they impleaded the present petitioner as one of the opposite parties, but subsequently on their application his name was deleted from the record. They proceeded only against opposite party No. 3 since according to them, a fresh tenancy was created in her favour and not on the ground that she inherited the tenancy right along with her son after the death of her husband. This being the factual position it is for the executing Court to decide about executability of the decree against the petitioner and such a decision can be taken on the petition filed under Order 21, Rule 97, CPC. 8. This being the factual position it is for the executing Court to decide about executability of the decree against the petitioner and such a decision can be taken on the petition filed under Order 21, Rule 97, CPC. 8. The next question which is pivotal one is whether the petition under Order 21, Rule 97, CPC would remain pending till adjudication of the probate proceeding. A cursory look at the registered Will filed by the petitioner would show that his father bequeathed the fabrication unit in his favour. So if the ultimate result of the proceeding goes in his favour, then the aforesaid fabrication unit would devolve upon him and not the tenanted premises. In that view of the matter, the determination of the question raised in the petition under Order 21, Rule 97, CPC is no way dependent on the ultimate decision of the probate proceeding. Therefore, petitioner's prayer for stay of further proceeding in his application under Order 21, Rule 97, CPC registered as Misc. Case No. 167 of 1997 does not deserve any consideration. 9. In view of discussions made above, there being no merit in the writ petition, is dismissed. No costs. Final Result : Dismissed