BHAGABATI PROSAD BANERJEE, J. ( 1 ) THIS matter was assigned by the Hon'ble Chief Justice before this Bench. The writ application has been filed by Moulana Mufti Syed. Md. Noorur Rehman Barkati, Imam and Khatib, Tipu Sultan Shahi Masjid, Dharamtala and Chairman Gharib Nawaz Educational and Charitable Society, Calcutta and eight others for a declaration that Rule 3 of the Environmental (Protection) Rules, 1986 vis a vis Schedule III of the said Rule do not apply in case of Mosques more particularly at the time of call of Azan from the Mosques and for the further declaration that Schedule III of the Environmental (Protection) Rules, 1986 is ultra vires Articles 14 and 25 of the Constitution. The petitioners also prayed for withdrawal of all conditions and restrictions which were notified by the Police and other authorities pursuant to the order passed in the case of Om Birangana Religious Society v. State, reported in 100 CWN 617. . ( 2 ) BY the Judgment dated 1st of April, 1996, certain restrictions and conditions on the use of microphones in the State of West Bengal were imposed. One of the important conditions that was laid down was that there will be no user of any microphones between 9 p. m. to 7 a. m. except by the public authorities for discharging their emergent public duties and/or obligations and that the West Bengal Pollution Central Board was directed to maintain noise level register indicating the level of noise which could be permitted by use of microphones on any occasion or in any area. It was also directed that (I) The District Magistrate and other Officers would issue permission for use of microphone/loud-speaker subject to conditions and restrictions imposed by the West Bengal Pollution Control Board, and (II) the person or persons or any business houses dealing with or letting or parting with or selling microphones/loud-speakers, shall be bound to seal the volume of the noise level according to the directions of the Pollution Control Board before letting or parting with or selling such apparatus for any purpose and in default thereof, they should not be premitted to deal with such items. So far as use of microphones and/or loud-speakers by any religious society or at any religious function is concerned, it could be used solely for the purpose of communicating the speeches and religious teachings and tenets to the persons who have attended such functions and it should not be operated in such a manner so as to give reasonable cause for annoyance to any persons in the vicinity. So far as public meeting is concerned, the same was directed to be use in such a manner and with such a volume which could not exceed the level fixed up by the Pollution Control Board which should be treated as registered level and that the volume should be regulated in such a manner so that it may reach all persons who joined the meeting in a particular area but not beyond that particular area, and it should not be operated in such a manner so as to give reasonable cause of annoyance to the persons in the vicinity. . ( 3 ) IN this writ application, the petitioners case is that Namaz is the second pillar of Islam and occupies a permanent position among the practical duties of the Muslims. Muslims offer obligatory prayers in congregation in Mosques five times a day and offer prayer in common (Jammat) to isolated prayers. Azan is essential for all obligatory prayers and is called by Muezzin in loud voice to summon all Believers in Islam to prayers. . ( 4 ) IT was further submitted by Mr. K. Banerjee, learned Advocate, appearing for the petitioners that when Azan was introduced by Prophet Muhammed (S. A. W.) it was called by a person from mosque in loud voice but by reason of passage of time, it was felt that a system was required to be introduced to invite the Believers in Islam to the congregational prayers by calling Azan through any instrument because of increase in population, industries and environmental changes it was not possible to reach the voice of Azan to the Believers of Islam. Therefore, it was submitted that Azan was and/or is called through an electrical loud-speakers and/or microphones five times a day and it is claimed that user of microphones for the purpose of Azan is a part of the religious right guaranteed under Art. 25 of the Constitution. . Therefore, it was submitted that Azan was and/or is called through an electrical loud-speakers and/or microphones five times a day and it is claimed that user of microphones for the purpose of Azan is a part of the religious right guaranteed under Art. 25 of the Constitution. . ( 5 ) IT was further submitted that the right to perform religious practice may be acquired also by custom. When so acquired, it would have the protection of Art. 25 in respect of all religious rites, practices, observances, ceremonies and functions which are customarily performed by the members of the petitioners community and not according to the version of the person who opposes. . ( 6 ) IN order to justify the use of microphones and the noise splitters, it was submitted that it was the duty of the citizens also to have a degree of tolerance, patience for the purpose of respecting other religion and custom. . ( 7 ) THE principle laid down in Om Birangana' case, was made applicable to all religions, all functions, private or public, public meetings and so on and not confined to one or two religions only. ext. to all religions. . ( 8 ) SOME of the Imam of some Mosques filed an application for modification of the original order passed in Om Birangana Religious Society' case the matter was heard at length and the Division Bench of this Court passed an order dated 17th April, 1997, wherein similar arguments and prayers were made, the Court in that case held that :"article 25 of the Constitution of India provides that "subject to public order, morality and health and to the other provisions of this Part, all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right freely to profess, practice and propagate religion. The question is whether right to use microphones for the purpose of Azan is an integral and essential part of Muslim religion and whether that right is an absolute right and should be free from any restriction. Art. 25 of the Constitution makes freedom of conscience and free, profession, practice and propagation of religion subject to, firstly public order, secondly, morality and health and lastly other provisions of Part-III of the Constitution of and Art. 19 of the Constitution. Art. 25 of the Constitution makes freedom of conscience and free, profession, practice and propagation of religion subject to, firstly public order, secondly, morality and health and lastly other provisions of Part-III of the Constitution of and Art. 19 of the Constitution. In this case on April 1, 1996 this Court passed an order in disposing of the writ application, inter alia, holding that Freedom of Speech and Expression of a citizen guaranteed under Art. 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution cannot be interfered with save and except in accordance with the provisions of Art. 19 (2) of the Constitution. This Court held that public cannot be made captive audience or listeners by the use of Microphones after obtaining permission from the police and persons who are otherwise unwilling to bear the sound and/or music or the communication made by the loud-speakers, but they are compelled to tolerate all these things against their will and at the cost of their health. This Court held further that if permission is granted to use microphones at a louder voice, such a course of action takes away the rights of a citizen to speak with others, the right to read or the right to know and the right to sleep and rest or to think any matter. It was held that a person and/or an organisation simpy applying a permission and after obtaining permission he is not entitled to display loud-speakers. It was held that even if a citizen is ill and even if such a sound may create adverse effect on his physical and mental condition, yet he is made a captive audience or listener to listen sound from microphones. It was observed that freedom of speech and expression as guaranteed under Art. 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution of India includes by necessary implication, freedom not to listen and/or to remain silent. One cannot exercise his right at the cost and in total deprivation of others' rights. A right cannot be conferred by the authorities concerned upon a person of a religious organisation to exercise their rights suspending and/or taking away the rights of others. It was also observed by this Court that it is well-settled that the right to propagate one' religion means the right to communicate a person' belief to another or to expose the tenets of that faith. It was also observed by this Court that it is well-settled that the right to propagate one' religion means the right to communicate a person' belief to another or to expose the tenets of that faith. The question is whether the right to practise or propogate religion includes the right to use loud-speakers and microphones for the purpose of chanting religious tenets or religious texts and/or the indiscriminate use of microphones or loud-speakers during the religious performance in the society. Freedom of speech is guaranteed to every citizen so that he may reach with the minds of willingness and not coerced unwillingness. There cannot be any dispute that sound is a known source of pollution. The adverse and ill effect of sound on human body is also known. It has a tremendous impact on the nerves system of human being. It was further held by this Court that it cannot be said that the religious teachers or the spiritual leaders who had laid down these tenets, had any way desired the use of microphones as a means of performance of religion. Undoubtedly, one can practise, profess and propagate religion, as guaranteed under Art. 25 (1) of the Constitution, but that is not an absolute right. The provisions of Art. 25 is subject to the provisions of Art. 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution. It was held that on true and proper construction of the provisions of Art. 25 (1) of the Constitution read with Art. 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution, it cannot be said that a citizen should be coerced to hear anything which he does not like of which he does not require. Amplifier and microphone create tremendous noise and sounds which may travel at least half to one kilometre away. Having regard to the provisions of Art. 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution, it cannot be said that the authorities can issue permission to use microphones without having any regard to the fundamental rights of the fellow citizens. Such authorities by granting permission to display microphones cannot make the public the captive listeners. The citizens have a right to enjoy their lives in the way they like, without violating any of the provisions of the law. A citizen has a right to leizure right to sleep, right not to hear and right to remain silent. He has also the right to read and speak with others. The citizens have a right to enjoy their lives in the way they like, without violating any of the provisions of the law. A citizen has a right to leizure right to sleep, right not to hear and right to remain silent. He has also the right to read and speak with others. Use of microphones certainly takes away the right of the citizens to speak with others, their right to read or think or the right to sleep. There may be heart patients or patients suffering from nervous disorder and may be compelled to hear this serious impact of sound pollution which has had an adverse effect on them and it may create health problems. Under those conditions, this Court has passed an order directing the West Bengal Pollution Control Board to fix up the sound level within the State and accordingly the Pollution Control Board has fixed up the sound level and this Court directed that there will be no use of microphones between 9 p. m. to 7 a. m. as the people has a right to sleep and leisure and that right cannot be interfered with by anybody. This is the background for which the order has been passed. Mr. Chatterjee' clients could not satisfy this Court that without the Microphone Azan cannot be given as it is known to everybody that in the past Azan was used to be given by human voice and that voice was sweet and by the use of electronic devises, viz. microphone that sweetness disappeared and on the contrary it is creating a tremendous sound pollution. Accordingly, it cannot be said that for giving Azans the applicants should be allowed to use microphones in the early hours of the day and that is before 6 O'clock in the morning. Azan is definitely an integral and essential part of the Muslim Religion, but use of microphones is certainly not an integral part of Azan. "in that case, it was also held that"whether a sound is sweet or not is a matter which cannot be decided by the Court; after all sound is sound whether it is sweet or sour and whether people likes it or not. There are people who are a habit of listening in louder voice, but it is not the habit of all citizen. There are people who are a habit of listening in louder voice, but it is not the habit of all citizen. A citizen' right of freedom of speech and expression has been guaranteed under Art. 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution and the same cannot be allowed to be suspended or taken away by others by using the microphones and loudspeakers at random. A citizen has a right to speak with his family members, has right to worship, meditation, right to live alone in peace and silence, has a right to read or think, and a student has a right to read for examination and such rights cannot be allowed to be suspended by any means whatsoever and this Court passed an order to that effect on April 1, 1996. It further appears that for violation of the order passed by this Court by using the microphones and loudspeakers in louder voice several complaints have been filed by the Pollution Control Board before this Court against different clubs, organisations, Durga Puja, Kali Puja, Jagatdhatri Puja, Saraswati Puja Committees and they have volunteered to admit their guilt and paid fines as imposed by this Court and they assured before this Court that in future they will not violate any condition as laid down by this Court and/or direction of the Pollution Control Board and as circulated by the State Government in this behalf. We are of the view that now the time has come when everybody has to think either to survive or to perish. If the pollution is not controlled the human-being cannot survive in the long run. It is evident that sound is one of the recognised mode of creating pollution and this sound pollution has to be controlled by all means. One may like sound, but he has no right to take away or abridge the right of others. There is no religious freedom in this country excepting the provisions of Art. 25 of the Constitution which is subject to public order, morality and health and other provisions of part III including Art. 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution of India. One may like sound, but he has no right to take away or abridge the right of others. There is no religious freedom in this country excepting the provisions of Art. 25 of the Constitution which is subject to public order, morality and health and other provisions of part III including Art. 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution of India. Accordingly, when the Constitution-makers have made it abundantly clear that one has a freedom of religion and that freedom of religion is subject to others' right as guaranteed under Art. 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution, namely, religious freedom cannot abridge or take away or suspend others' right under Art. 19 (1) (a) regarding their freedom of speech and expression. If on the basis of the submissions made by Mr. Chatterjee and Mr. Idris Ali, learned counsel for the appellants, this Court modifies its earlier order, we are of the view that in that event this Court will loose its secular character. This Court is bound to maintain and follow secularism as clearly laid down in the Preamble of the Constitution of India as hereunder : "we THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into :sovereign SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens :justice, social economic and politician;liberty of thought, expression belief, faith and worship;equality of status and of opportunity;and to promote among them allfraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integriety of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT,, GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION. " accordingly, when an order has been passed, it is applicable to all the religion and the political parties and the people of the State, this Court cannot make any discrimination in the matter of enforcing the order and making a relaxation in favour of a particular section of the community or a particular religion and that would be a destructive of the concept of secularism. When an order is passed by this Court after taking into consideration of all the aspects of the matter as explained in our order dated April 1, 1996, we do not find any reason to alter, modify and/or vacating the order passed this Court which has already reached its finality. The said order must be enforced and carried out by all sections of people in the State. ". The said order must be enforced and carried out by all sections of people in the State. ". ( 9 ) IN Om Birangana' case, (Om Birangana Religious Society v. State, in C. O. No. 4303 (W) of 1995, judgment delivered on April 1, 1996) the rights of the citizen in India guaranteed under Art. 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution and other aspects and matters incidental thereto had been considered in detail vis-a-vis the provisions of Art. 25 (1) of the Constitution and it was inter alia held that;"article 19 (1) (a) provides Fundamental Rights on all citizens to Freedom of Speech and Expression, and that this right is only subject to restriction imposable under Art. 19 (2) of the Constitution. The reasonable restriction on the exercise of freedom of speech and expression could be imposed in the interest of sovereignity and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with the foreign State, public order, decency or morality or in relation to contempt of Court, defamation, incitement to an offence. The freedom of speech and expression of a citizen should not be interfered with save and except in accordance with the provisions of Art. 19 (2) of the Constitution. It is a matter to consider whether the public are captive audience or listeners when permission is given for using loud-speakers in public and the person who is otherwise unwilling to bear the sound and/or the music of the communication made by the loudspeakers, but he is compelled to tolerate all these things against his will and health. If permission is granted to use microphones at a louder voice, such a course of action takes away the rights of a citizen to speak with others, the right to read or the right to know and the right to sleep and rest or to think any matter. Can it be said that a person and/or an organization simply applying a permission and after obtaining permission is entitled to display loud-speakers from local authorities? Does it concern simply a law and order situation? Does it not generate sound pollution? Does it not affect the other known rights of a citizen? Even if a citizen is ill and even if such a sound may create adverse effect on his physical and mental condition, yet he is made a captive audience to listen. Does it concern simply a law and order situation? Does it not generate sound pollution? Does it not affect the other known rights of a citizen? Even if a citizen is ill and even if such a sound may create adverse effect on his physical and mental condition, yet he is made a captive audience to listen. Freedom of speech and expression guaranteed under Art. 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution of India includes by necessary implication, freedom not to listen and/or to remain silent. One cannot exercise his right at the cost and in total deprivation of others' rights. A right cannot be conferred by the authorities concerned upon a person or a religious organisation to exercise their rights suspending and/or taking away the rights of others. In this connection, Mr. Samanta learned counsel appearing on behalf of the petitioner, submitted that right to propagate religion is guaranteed under Art. 25 of the Constitution. Art. 20 (1) of the Constitution provides that subject to public order, morality and health and other provisions of Part-III of the Constitution, all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience, and that right to freely profess, practice and propagate religion. It is well-settled that the right to propagate one' religion means the right to communicate a person' belief to another or to expose the tenets of that faith. The question is whether the right to propagate religion includes the right to use loud-speakers and microphones for the purpose of chanting religious tenets or religious texts and/or the indiscriminate use of microphones or loud-speakers during religious performance in the society. Freedom of speech is guaranteed to every citizen so that he may reach with the minds of willingness and not coerced unwillingness. There cannot be any dispute that sound is a known source of pollution. The adverse and ill effect of sound on human body is also known. It has a tremendous impact on the nervous system of human being. The American Supreme Court in the case of Ward v. Rock Against Racism, 491 US 781, upheld the city regulations designed to regulate the volume of excessively amplified music at the Naumberg Accoustic Handshell in New York city' Central Park to protect those who use a quiet, recreational area of the park called the Sheep Meadow and also to protect resistance in Central Park West area. In this case, the American Supreme Court rejected the challenge to these city noise regulations. The religion that has been performed by the petitioner and others, is nothing new, but the same is there for several centuries. It cannot be said that the religious teachers or the spiritual leaders who had laid down these tenets, had any way desired the use of microphones as a means of performance of religion. Undoubtedly, one can practice, profess and propagate religion, as guaranteed under Art. 25 (1) of the Constitution but that is not an absolute right. The provisions of Art. 25 is subject to the provisions of Art. 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution. On true and proper construction of the provisions of Art. 25 (1), read with Art. 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution, it cannot be said that a citizen should be coerced to hear anything which he does not like or which he does not require. Amplifier and microphone create tremendous noise and sounds which may travel at least half to one Kilometer away. Having regard to the provisions of Art. 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution, it can-not be said that the District Magistrate Sub-Divisional Officer and the police authorities are the sole authority who can grant at will permission without having any regard to the fundamental rights of the fellow citizens. Such authorities, by granting permission to display microphone, cannot make the public the capative listeners, the citizens have a right to enjoy their lives in the way they like, without violating any of the provision of the law. A citizen has a right to leisure, right to sleep right not to hear and right to remain silent. He has also the right to read and speak with others. Use of microphones certainly takes away the right of the citizens to speak with others, their right to read or think or the right to sleep. There may be heart patients or patients suffering from nervous disorder may be compelled to bear their serious impact of sound pollution which has had an adverse effect on them. It may create health problems. Pollution is a factor which has now a prime importance in the modern society. The effect of sound on human bodies is very serious. There may be heart patients or patients suffering from nervous disorder may be compelled to bear their serious impact of sound pollution which has had an adverse effect on them. It may create health problems. Pollution is a factor which has now a prime importance in the modern society. The effect of sound on human bodies is very serious. Accordingly, no authority would grant permission to use microphones without having any regard to the rights of the fellow citizens or the people of the area. Such a sound pollution cannot be altogether stopped, but the sound level has to be reduced in such a manner and in such a form so that the sound may not travel beyond a certain limit, as for example, in a public meeting microphones or amplifiers may be necessary so that the listeners may hear the speeches delivered by the leaders and for that purpose the sound has to be regulated in such a manner so that it may not travel beyond a reasonable limit and/or such a sound cannot be allowed to travel beyond the zone in which the listeners are there. ". ( 10 ) THE Central Pollution Control Board passed an order in Schedule III framed under Rule 3 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, which is as follows :"ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise Area Code category of Arealimits in db (A) Day Timeleg. Night Time (a)Industrial Area7570 (b)Commercial Area6555 (c)Residential Area5545 (d)Silence Zone5040 Note -1 Day time is reckoned in between 6 a. m. and 9 p. m. Note -2 Night time is reckoned in between 9 p. m. and 6 a. m. Note -3 Silence Zone is defined as areas upto 100 metres around such premises as hospitals, educational institutions and Courts. The Silence Zones are to be declared by the Competent Authority. Use of vehicular horns, loud-speakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones. Note -4 Mixed categories of areas should be declared as one of the four above-mentioned categories by the Competent Authority and the corresponding standards shall apply. ". The Silence Zones are to be declared by the Competent Authority. Use of vehicular horns, loud-speakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones. Note -4 Mixed categories of areas should be declared as one of the four above-mentioned categories by the Competent Authority and the corresponding standards shall apply. ". ( 11 ) BECAUSE of the judgment delivered by this Court in Om Birangana' case (supra) the user of microphones during the main festivals of Bengali or people of the West Bengal like Durga Puja, Kali Puja, Saraswati Puja and other Pujas and festivals where it was claimed the show of to be same long standing customs, practice of the people for use of microphones, have strictly followed the restriction on the user of microphones in accordance with the directions passed by this Court and following the time limits and the decibel limits fixed up in this behalf. . ( 12 ) THE ambient noise for different areas have been fixed up and that is being strictly followed excepting that the writ petitioners and some others Imam of some other Mosques on the ground that user of microphones had become a part of their religious practice and in West Bengal Pollution Control Board and some other authorities had conducted a survey and from the survey it appears that about 96% of the population in the State of West Bengal are in favour of regulating and restricting the use of microphones in the manner in which it has been done by an order of this Court and people have welcomed it. There have been cases of violence against the persons concerned who have used microphones in violation of the norms and this Court had suitably punished the offenders for violating the same when such violation were brought to the notice of the Court including violations made by renowned Hotel Authorities in the city during new years eve and in each and every case without any exception everybody has admitted the guilt and tendered unqualified apology and given a written undertaking to the Pollution Control Board that they would in future carry out this restrictions faithfully for paying fines and in some cases fines to the extent Rs. 50,000/- was imposed for wrongful user of microphones but everybody paid and it has been accepted by the people in general. . 50,000/- was imposed for wrongful user of microphones but everybody paid and it has been accepted by the people in general. . ( 13 ) WITH regard to the use of fire works which also creates sound and which also have some adverse effect like that use of microphone. Noise is generated by vehicular traffic, by use of air horn, electric horn, microphone and bursting of crackers. The Burrabazar Fire Works and Mohan fire Works was aggrieved by the restrictions by the State Pollution Control Board and the police imposing ban on using of certain fire works which creates noise and creates a tremendous sound. . ( 14 ) THE Division Bench of this Court in the case of Burrabazar Fire Works Dealers Association v. The Commissioner of Police, Calcutta, reported in 1997 (2) CLJ 468 , delivered a judgment on 26th September 1997, held that :"it is very unfortunate that the Central Pollution Control Board held two meetings for the last 2 years but could not lay down any decibel limit for the fire works nor the Central Pollution Control Board has made any serious attempt to regulate the use of microphones. Of course, under the Police Act and/or Calcutta Police Act and the Calcutta Suburbs Act, certain powers have been conferred upon the authorities mentioned therein for stopping such use of microphones which would causes nuisance. Till now the Central Government have not come forward with any specific policy and did not lay down any standard or guidence by means of legislation for use of microphones nor the Central Government Pollution Control Board has ventured to enter into this field when sound pollution has become a global problem. It does not require the exercise of any research work to hold that the sound pollution in other developed countries like Europe and America is not so bad or worse like that of India where sound has become a menance to the society. It does not require the exercise of any research work to hold that the sound pollution in other developed countries like Europe and America is not so bad or worse like that of India where sound has become a menance to the society. The use of microphones and user of unrestricted noisy fire works is creating a problem for last one decade and this problem is increasing to an alarming extent and when it appears to this Court that all other authorities are not at all concerned to tackle this problem, this Court in Om Birrangana' case in order to uphold the fundamental rights of the citizens as guaranteed under Art. 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution directed the Pollution Control Board to fix up a particular noise level so that the citizens' right to leisure, right to sleep, right to speak, right to read, right to worship, right to think are not forcibly taken away by the pollutants. Several pronouncements made by the Supreme Court in Union of India v. Raghubir Singh, Pomal Kanji Govindji v. Vrojlal Karsondas Purohit, M. C. Mehta v. Union of India, National Workers' Union v. P. R. Ramkrishnan (supra) and other cases mentioned above held that where a law of the past does not fit in the present context, the Court should evolve a new law and if the law fails to respond to the needs of the changing society, then either stifle the growth of the society and choke its progress or if the society is vigorous enough it will cast way the law which stands in its way of its growth. Law must, therefore, constantly be on the move adopting itself with the fast changing society and not lag behind. Being conscious of and for giving effect to this legal position this Court directed the State Pollution Control Board by its order dated 30th September, 1996 to take suitable measure to stop creating sound pollution by means of other than use of microphones, such as by use of electric air horn in the public vehicles and fire works and other sources of sound nuisance. Accordingly, this Court had conferred power in the background of the law laid down by the Supreme Court mentioned above and to protect the fundamental rights of the citizens of this part of country, upon the Pollution Control Board who was directed to take suitable measure to stop creating sound pollution inter alia, by fire works. Accordingly, the sourse of power of the Pollution Control Board is the order of this Court. The order of this Court should be treated in addition to the powers conferred on the Pollution Control Board or other authorities under the law. It is admitted by various International Authorities and Experts that sound pollution has a tremendous effect on health and considering the fact that the West Bengal is a densely populated State whereupon space are few and rare and when the source of enjoyment of the young people of this State are only to create sounds. In Deepawali or in Kali Puja, it is the common experience to the people of this State that it is a festival of sound not a festival of light. There is no cultural or religious sanction behind this. It is very unfortunate that the Pollution Control Board failed to take decision as directed by this Court. In course of hearing the Pollution Control Board in writing that the State Pollution Board on the strength of the order passed by this Court had taken a decision which was implemented on the basis of which the ban was imposed on certain noisy fire works. Records were produced. The learned counsels examined them but could not place before this Court anything to show that any decision was taken by the Pollution Control Board. Records were produced. The learned counsels examined them but could not place before this Court anything to show that any decision was taken by the Pollution Control Board. We express our strong displeasure to the course of action taken by the Pollution Control Board but in view of the fact that the restriction that was imposed without any formal order was designed to do some public good and the object was not to expose the people to sound nuisance which is admittedly a Pollution this Court is in a peculiar facts and circumstances of this case only keeps it record on strong displeasure and directs the Pollution Control to strictly follow the orders and the Pollution Control Board should have taken a decision in compliance of the order passed by this Court and but not doing that they have brought about the situation which was not called for. There was no explanation for this failure. True, according to the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the applicants the Central Pollution Control Board had not laid down any such decibel limit and it is also true that the applicants have not violated the directions and orders issued by the Pollution Control Board and/or the Police but faithfully carried out the above restrictions and/or impositions of ban. This Court records its appreciation to the actions of the fire works manufacturers and dealers in not trying to store or sell of the noisy fire works which was banned in an irregular manner and consequently for the last one year. Professor K. J. Nath, Director of All India Institute of Hygine and Public Health, Directorate General of Health Services, Government of India has forwarded his comments to the Dy. Commissioner of Police, Calcutta Arms Act Department, by his letter dated 26-8-1997 in which he had stated that according to Environmental Protection Agency, United States, the standard in respect of noise in commercial areas in a city during the day time is 65db (A) leg. However, in residential area and silence zone such limits are 55 and 50 respectively in the day time. Excessive noise above 65db (A) adversely effect the community health causing hearing impairment Neurological and Psychological problems. This could have other serious long-term health and behavioural impact on the community. It is stated what the fire works are manufactured by using various chemical which are hazardous in nature. Excessive noise above 65db (A) adversely effect the community health causing hearing impairment Neurological and Psychological problems. This could have other serious long-term health and behavioural impact on the community. It is stated what the fire works are manufactured by using various chemical which are hazardous in nature. Accidents due to explosions and fire may be caused from such manufacturing units unless adequate precautions are taken. There has been devastating fire causing serious loss of property and life in many cities due to explosions in fire works factories. As Calcutta City is congested with very high population density, manufacturing of fire works in the city of Calcutta need to be totally banned. The use of fire works must also be restricted to maximum limits to be fixed by the West Bengal Pollution Control Board. "in that judgment it was also observed that"in England and other countries of the world excepting U. K. , there is no such constitutional protection and there is no fundamental right as provided by our Constitution and the Constitution of U. K. Our entire legal system is based on rights which means that even the parliament or the Legislature cannot make any law suspending or interfering with the fundamental rights of the citizens unreasonably. Citizens fundamental rights under Art. 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution is a very important right so far as the citizens of this country are concerned. Accordingly, Art. 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution of India, cannot be allowed to be suspended and no person or authority can do anything which would have a chilling effect of this important fundamental right of the citizen of this country. That is a reason the countries where there is no such fundamental right, right has to be given by enacting in a law which is not the case in India. The meaning of expression cannot be said to be confined only to speech and expression of anger of represent by a figure, symbol, letter etc. Supreme Court in the case of Coverjee v. Excise Commissioner and the Chief Commissioner, Ajmer, AIR 1954 SC 220 (Constitution Bench) have held that there is no inherent right in a citizen to sell intoxicating liquors by retail; it is not a privilege of a citizen. Supreme Court in the case of Coverjee v. Excise Commissioner and the Chief Commissioner, Ajmer, AIR 1954 SC 220 (Constitution Bench) have held that there is no inherent right in a citizen to sell intoxicating liquors by retail; it is not a privilege of a citizen. As it is a business attended with the danger to the community, it may be entirely prohibited and/or be permitted under such conditions as will limit to the utmost its evils. The manner and extent of regulations rest in the discretion of Governing Authority. It was further held, in order to determine the reasonableness of the restrictions regard must be had to the nature of the business and the condition prevailing in the trade. It is obvious that these factors must differ from trade to trade and no hard and fast rules concerning all traders can be laid down. The right of every citizen is pursue any lawful trade or business is obviously subject to such reasonable conditions as may be deemed by the Governing Authority of the country essential to the safety, health, peace, order and morals of the community. Sounds created by fire works, loud-speakers, aircrafts, railways are all the products of the technological age and high level of continuous sounds damages hearing and that there cannot be any two opinion about it. From the journals and the reports placed before this Court, it is clearly evident that several millions of people in different parts of the world have had their hearing damaged because of generating of these sounds. The noise not only creates pollution but it also a source of annoyance. Noise is also created by traffic