oekZ] v/;{k-&;g f}rh; vihy vUrxZr /kkjk 224 jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 fo:} fu.kZ; o fMdzh jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh] guqekux<+ fnukad 7-6-97 ds izLrqr dh xbZ gS] ftlds }kjk mUgksaus fu.kZ; lgk;d vk;qDr mifuosku] jkorlj fnukad 17-1-78 dks cgky j[kkA 2- bl f}rh; vihy ds laf{Ir rF; bl izdkj gS fd oknh Mwaxjjke Hkha;jke us ,d okn ckcr bLrdkjkjgd ,oa caVokjk fo:} izfroknh gjyky o lwjtkjke ds lgk;d mi fuosku vk;qDr] guqekux<+ dks izLrqr dj fuosnu fd;k] fd vkjkth pd 2 vkjih,e iRFkj uEcj 196@58 fdyk uEcj 14] 15] 16] 17] 24] 25 iRFkj uEcjk 196@59 ds iRFkj uEcj 4] 5] 6] 7] 15] 16] 25 jdck 13 ch?kk rFkk iRFkj uEcj 17] 18] 19] 21] 22] 23 yxk;r 25 rFkk iRFkj uEcj 196@51 ds fdyk uEcj 1] 2 yxk;r 9] 10] 11 yxk;r 19] 20 jdck 32 ch?kk 5 fcLok o pd vkjih,e ds fdyk uEcj 196@43 ds iRFkj uEcj 1] 2] 9] 10] 11] 20 jdck 4 ch?kk 16 fcLok pd 3 vkjih,e iRFkj uEcj 196@50 fdyk uEcj 23 yxk;r 25 dqy rknknh 50 ch?kk 2 fcLok dk Hkh;kjke ds [kkrsnkjh dh FkhA Hkh;kjke ds iq= oknh Mwaxjjke rFkk izfroknh la[;k 1 gjyky o lwjtkjke gS rFkk rhuksa iqf=;ka ehjk] jkeh ,oa nsm gSA iqf=;ksa us vius LoRo R;kx fn;s gSA vc oknh o izfroknh blesa 1@3] 1@3 fgLls ds [kkrsnkj gSA izfroknh ds eu cnfu;eh vk xbZ gS] og vkjkth dk caVokjk djus dks rS;kj ugh gSA vr% oknh dks 1@3 Hkkx [kkrsnkj dkrdkj ?kksfKr fd;k tkos ,oa vkjkth dk caVokjk djk;k tkosA bl nkos ds izfroknhx.k ds uke lEeu tkjh fd;s x;s exj og vuqifLFkr jgsA U;k;ky; us oknh dk ,d i{kh; lk{l; ntZ dj fu.kZ; o fMdzh fnukad 17-1-78 ds }kjk oknh dk nkok [kkfjt dj fn;k ,oa izfrokfnr fd;k fd oknh vius gd o fgLls dh Hkwfe ysdj laor~ 1994 esa vyx gks x;k Fkk] bl fu.kZ; fnukad 7-6-97 ds }kjk [kkfjt dj nhA muds bl fu.kZ; ds fo:} ;g f}rh; vihy izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 3- vfHkHkk"kd vihykaV dk rdZ gS fd nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa us bl ckr ij fopkj ugh fd;k fd fooknxzLr vkjkth;kr oknh Mwaxjjke ds nknk lq[kjke ds [kkrsnkjh dh FkhA lq[kjke ds ,d iq= Hkh;kjke gqvk rFkk Hkh;kjke ds rhu iq= Mwaxjjke] gjyky o lwjtkjke Fks rFkk rhu iqf=;ka ehjk- jkeh o nsmA iqf=;ksa us vius LoRo HkkbZ;ksa ds i{k esa NksM+ fn;s gSA vc oknh o izfroknh Hkh 1@3] U;k;ky;ksa us bl ckr ij fopkj ugh fd;k fd fooknxzLr vkjkth;kr oknh Mwaxjjke ds nknk lq[kjke ds [kkrsnkjh dh FkhA lq[kjke ds ,d iq= Hkh;kjke gqvk rFkk Hkh;kjke ds rhu iq= Mwaxjjke] gjyky o lwjtkjke Fks rFkk rhu iqf=;ka ehjk- jkeh o nsmA iqf=;ksa us vius LoRo HkkbZ;ksa ds i{k esa NksM+ fn;s gSA vc oknh o izfroknh Hkh 1@3] 1@3 fgLls ds [kkrsnkj gSA muds ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd [krkSuh la[;k 1868 o 2008] udy tekcUnh laor 2010 yxk;r 2013 ,oa vihykaV d gyQh;k c;ku ls Li"V Fkk] fd ;g LI"V Fkk] fd ;g vkjkth iSf=d lEifr gSA ftlesaa oknh dk 1@3 fgLlk gSA muds ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd ijh{k.k U;k;ky; us nkos dks bl fcUnq in xyr [kkfjt fd;k gS fd oknh us iqjkus fBdkus ds le; ls nLrkosth lk{; esa izekf.kr djus ds fy, fBdkus ds rRdkyhu dkenkj Hks:yky ds c;ku ntZ ugh djk;s gSA ftlls nLrkostkr la[;k bZ&6 yxk;r bZ&11 izekf.kr ugh gq;s gSA tcfd oknh us nLrkost dks izekf.kr dj fn;k Fkk ,oa U;k;ky; ds vknsk 26 fu;e 4 tkIrk nhokuh esa HkS:yky ds c;ku dehku ij ntZ dj ldrk FkkA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd vihy U;k;ky; us Hkh oknh ds c;ku ugh djkus ds fcUnq ij gh nkos dks [kkfjt dj fn;kA tcfd izfronh dh rjQ ls dksbZ tokc nkok izLrqr ugh fd;k x;k Fkk] uk gh dksbZ rudh;kr cukbZ FkhA blfy, oknh us tks nLrkostksa dks dkenkj ls izekf.kr ugh djk;k FkkA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd nLrkost 30 o"kZ iqjkus Fks] tks vius vki esa izekf.kr Fks ,oa mUgksaus nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds fu.kZ;ksa dks fujLr djus dk fuosnu fd;k] D;ksafd os mudk fu.kZ; tekcUnh o vU; nLrkostkr ds fo:} ikfjr fd;k x;k gSA 4- bu rdksZ ds fo:} vfHk- izR;FkhZ dk rdZ gS fd tekcUnh ds vk/kkj ij oknh dks dksbZ LoRo o vf/kdkj izkIr ugh gks ldrs gSA D;ksafd oknh vius gd Hkh Hkwfe ysdj laor 1994 esa vyx gks x;k FkkA muds ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd i{kdkjku ds firk Hkh;kjke ds [kkrs ,DthfcV 9 [krkSuh laor 1993&1994 ds vuqlkj 274 ch?kk 9 fcLok Hkwfe Fkh mlesa ls ,DtkfcV 11 Mwaxjjke ds [kkrs 57 ch?kk 10 fcLok Hkwfe pyh x;hA ;g rF; [krkSuh laor 1994 ls Li"V gSA bl vkk; dks uksV Hkh fy[kk gS rFkk ,DthfcV 10 [krkSuh 2008 ds }kjk 35 ch?kk 17 fcLok Hkwfe mls vkSj izkIr gks xbZ] bl izdkj 9 [krkSuh laor 1993&1994 ds vuqlkj 274 ch?kk 9 fcLok Hkwfe Fkh mlesa ls ,DtkfcV 11 Mwaxjjke ds [kkrs 57 ch?kk 10 fcLok Hkwfe pyh x;hA ;g rF; [krkSuh laor 1994 ls Li"V gSA bl vkk; dks uksV Hkh fy[kk gS rFkk ,DthfcV 10 [krkSuh 2008 ds }kjk 35 ch?kk 17 fcLok Hkwfe mls vkSj izkIr gks xbZ] bl izdkj mls 91 ch?kk Hkwfe izkIr gks xbZ] rc og firk dh Hkwfe esa ls nqckjk izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj ugh FkkA D;ksafd ,d ckj tc firk ls oknh vius gd dh Hkwfe ysdj vyx gks x;k rFkk nksckjk Hkwfe yssus dk vf/kdkj ugh FkkA blfy, v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa okn dk nkok [kkfjt fd;k gSA nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; leorhZiw.kZ gS] ftlesa dksbZ dkuwuh =qfV ugh gSA vr% f}rh; vihy ds Lrj ij mlesa gLr{ksi ugh djuk pkfg;sA 5- vkt ;g vihy Jo.kkFkZxzg.k fd;s tkus gsrq fu;e Fkh exj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fjdkMZ izkIr gks x;k gS ,oa nksuksa vfHkHkk"kdx.k dh lgefr ls vihy dks xq.kkoxq.k ij lquk x;kA 6- vfHkHkk"kd vihykaV dk rdZ fd ;g Hkwfe muds firk Hkh;kjke ds [kkrsnkjh dh FkhA Hkh;kjke ds rhu iq= Mwaxjjke] gjyky o lwjtkjke Fks rFkk rhu iqf=;ka ehjk] jkeh ,oa nsm FkhA iqf=;ksa us vius LoRo HkkbZ;ksa ds i{k esa R;kx fn;s FksA blfy, Hkh;kjke ds rhu iq=ksa dk gh blesa 1@3] 1@3] 1@3 fgLlk Fkk ,oa bl lEcU/k esa mUgksaus tekcUnh laor 2010 yxk;r 2013 ,oa [krkSuh laor1868 ,DthfcV 5 dh vksj /;ku fnyk;kA exj ge muds bl rdZ ls lger ugh gSA tks nLrkost ijh{k.k U;k;ky; us fjdkMZ ij ugh fy;k gS D;ksafd oknh us ,DthfcV ugh djk;k Fkk] exj fQj Hkh bu nLrkost ls fLFkfr Li"V gSA izFke nLrkost 9 [krkSuh ekStkjkeiqj laor 1993] 1994 esa oknh o izfroknhx.k ds firk Hkh;kjke ds [kkrs esa 274 ch?kk 9 fcLok Hkwfe gSA blds ckn bl vkjkth esa ls Hkwfe;ka dVrh xbZ] D;ksafd iq= Mwaxjjke dks Hkwfe ns nh xbZ Fkh] tks rF; ,DthfcV 11 ls Li"V gS rks [krkSuh laor 1994&1995 gSA Mwaxjjke ds [kkrs 57 ch?kk 10 fcLok Hkwfe cka/kh xbZ gS ,oa fjekdZ dkye esa mYysf[kr fd;k x;k gS] fd ukekUrjdj.k la[;k 36 ls vyx dh xbZ gSA firk Hkh;kjke pkS/kjh us U;kjk gksus ijA blh izdkj ,DthfcV 10 esa 35 ch?kk 17 fcLok Hkwfe Mwaxjjke ds cki ls U;kjk gksus ij laor 2008 esa izkIr gqbZ gS] blesa Li"V gS fd oknh dks mlds gd dh Hkwfe cka/kh xbZ gS ,oa fjekdZ dkye esa mYysf[kr fd;k x;k gS] fd ukekUrjdj.k la[;k 36 ls vyx dh xbZ gSA firk Hkh;kjke pkS/kjh us U;kjk gksus ijA blh izdkj ,DthfcV 10 esa 35 ch?kk 17 fcLok Hkwfe Mwaxjjke ds cki ls U;kjk gksus ij laor 2008 esa izkIr gqbZ gS] blesa Li"V gS fd oknh dks mlds gd dh Hkwfe 91 ch?kk Hkwfe izkIr gks xbZ gS] tks dqy Hkwfe 274 ch?kk dk 1@3] Hkkx gS] tc oknh iwoZ esa vius firk ls viuk gd o fgLls dh Hkwfe ysdj vyx gks x;k Fkk] rks mldk blesa dksbZ fgLlk ugh jg tkrk Fkk ,oa nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa us muds nkos dks [kkfjt djus esa dksbZ =qfV ugh dh gSA vfHkHkk"kd vihykaV dk rdZ gS fd izfroknh us dksbZ tokc izLrqr ugh fd;k] dksbZ rudh;kr ugh cukbZ ,oa nLrkost dks izekf.kr ugh ekuk x;k] exj fQj Hkh mu nLrkostksa ij fookl djds U;k;ky; us nkok [kkfjt dj fn;kA ge muds bl rdZ ls lger ugh gSA tc oknh ,d ckj LoRo o fgLls dh Hkwfe ysdj vyx gks x;k rFkk og vius firk ls cdk;k Hkwfe esa ls nksckjk caVokjk djkus dk vf/kdkj ugh FkkA nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa dk fu.kZ; leorhZiw.kZ gS] ftlesa dksbZ dkuwuh =qfV ugh gS] ftlls dh f}rh; vihy ds Lrj ij mlesa gLr{ksi fd;k tkosA 7- mijksDrkuqlkj vihy vihykaV lkjghu gksus ls [kkfjt dh tkrh gSA fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA