vkns’k 1- dysDVj] ljxqtk ds }kjk jktLo vihy iz-dz- 144@v&23@01&02 esa ikfjr vkns’k fnukad 17-2-03 dks ikfjr vkns’k ds fo#) iqujh{k.kdrkZ dh vksj ls NRrhlx<+ Hkw&jktLo lafgrk] 1959 dh /kkjk 50 ds rgr ;g iqujh{k.k vkosnu i= izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA 2- iqujh{k.k vkosnu i= dh izkjafHkd xzkg~;rk ,oa LFkku vkosnu i= ij iqujh{k.kdrkZ ds fo}ku vfHkHkk”kd ds }kjk izLrqr rdksZa dk Jo.k fd;k x;kA rdZ esa dgk x;k fd && iqujh{k.kdrkZ o”kZ 1961&62 ls vius gd o LokfeRo dh Hkwfe jdck 68 fMlfey ds cnys mRrjoknh ls oknHkwfe [kljk dz- 446] 447] 448 dqy jdck 0-090 gs- dk LokfeRo ln~Hkkouk iwoZd djkj ds vk/kkj ij izkIr dj vius rhuksa iq=ksa ds fy;s fjgk;’kh ekdu cuok fn;k gS] rc ls mDr Hkwfe ij iqujh{k.kdrkZ ,oa mlds rhuksa iq= vyx&vyx fjgkbZ’kh edku@>ksiM+h esa vius&vius ifjokj ds lkFk fuokl djrs vk jgs gSA ;g Lohd`r rF; gSA mijksDr edku ds fuekZ.k esa ‘kklu }kjk bafnjk vkokl ;kstuk ds varxZr lg;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bl rF; ij v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds }kjk fopkj u dj Hkwy dh xbZ gSA iqujh{k.kdrkZ ds ikl mDr edku ds vfrfjDr dksbZ nwljk edku ugha gSA ;fn oknHkwfe dks mRrjoknh dks okil dj fn;k tkrk gS fd mls cs?kj gsuk iM+sxk] tks izkd`frd U;k; fl)kar ds foijhr gSA izdj.k esa lafgrk dh /kkjk 170¼[k½ ds izko/kku vkd`”V gksrh gSA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds }kjk ek= rduhdh vk/kkj ij izdj.k dk vafre :i ls fujkdj.k fd;k x;k gSA iqujh{k.kdrkZ dks viuk i{k j[kus dk leqfpr volj ugha fn;k x;k gSA leqfpr volj fn, fcuk izdj.k dk vafre fujkdj.k fd;k x;k gS v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds }kjk fof/k dh foospuk djus esa Hkh Hkwy dh xbZ gSA oknxzLr Hkwfe ij ,d edrc pyk;k tk jgk gSA LFkxu vkosnu i= ds laca/k esa dgk x;k fd ;fn vkns’k ds ikyu es iqujh{k.kdrkZ dks csn[ky dj fn;k tkrk gS rks mls viw.khZ; {kfr gksxhA iqujh{k.k vkosnu i= xzkg~; djrs gq, LFkxu vkns’k fn, tkus dk vuqjks/k fd;k x;kA 3- dysDVj] ljxqtk ds }kjk ikfjr vkns’k esa mYysf[kr vuqlkj izdj.k ds rF; la{ksi esa bl izdkj gS fd xzke csylj ds gYdk iVokjh ds }kjk vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh ds U;k;ky; esa izfrosnu izLrqr fd;k x;k fd xzke csylj fLFkj [kljk dz- 646 ,oa 647 esa ls jdck 0-009 rFkk 0-029 gs- vfHkys[kksa esa ftjdw jksikuk lqys i.Mks pSrk mjko ds uke ij ntZ gS] ijarq mDr Hkwfe ij vihy xSj vkfnoklh dk dCtk gSA bl ij vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh ds }kjk /kkjk 170¼[k½ ds rgr izdj.k ntZ dj tkap dh xbZ tkapksijkar ugha ik;k x;k fd oknHkwfe ij varj.kxzfg;rk }kjk ewy vkfnoklh dh Hkwfe ij dCtk dj mlds fof/k lEer vf/kdkjksa ls diViwoZd oafpr fd;k x;k gSA varj.kxzfgrk dks lafgrk dh /kkjk 170¼[k½¼3&1&[k½ dk ykHk ikus dh ik=rk ugha gSA vr% vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh ds }kjk vkns’k ikfjr fd;k tkdj oknHkwfe varj.kdrkZx.kksa ds i{k esa izR;kofrZr dh tkdj varj.kxzfgrk dks oknHkwfe ls csn[ky dj dCtk ekSds ij varj.kdrkZx.kksa dks fnyk, tkus dk vkns’k fn;k x;kA mDr vkns’k ds fo#) iqujh{k.kdrkZ ds }kjk dysDVj] ljxqtk ds U;k;ky; esa vihy izLrqr fd, tkus ij izdj.k iathc) fd;k tkdj mHk; i{kksa dh lquokbZ dh xbZA dysDVj ds }kjk ;g ik;k x;k fd && oknHkwfe ij fnukad 1-1-84 ds i’pkr~ fufeZr gqvk gS] ftlds dkj.k iqujh{k.kdrkZ dks lafgrk dh /kkjk 170¼[k½¼3&1&[k½ dk ykHk izkIr djus dh ik=rk ugha gSA vr% dysDVj ds }kjk vkns’k ikfjr fd;k tkdj vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh dk vkns’k fLFkj j[kk x;k ,oa vihy fujLr dh xbZA ftlds fo#) ;g iqujh{k.k vkosnu i= izLrqr fd;k x;kA 4- izdj.k ds leLr rF;ksa dk lexz :i ls v/;;u fd;k x;kA dysDVj ds }kjk ;g ik;s tkus ij fd oknHkwfe;ksa dk cnySu dc gqvk rFkk fdu ‘krksZa ds v/khu gqvk blds leFkZu esa iqujh{k.kdrkZ ds }kjk dksbZ nLrkost izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k gS] oknHkwfe ij fufeZr edku fnukad 1-1-84 ds i’pkr~ dk gSA ftlds dkj.k iqujh{k.kdrkZ lafgrk dh /kkjk 170¼[k½¼3&1&[k½ dk ykHk ikus dh ik=rk ugha j[krk gSA vr% dysDVj ds }kj vihy fujLr dh xbZ gSA iqujh{k.kdrkZ ds fo}ku vfHkHkk”kd ds }kjk rdZ esa dgk x;k gS fd iqujh{k.kdrkZ vius gd o LokfeRo dh Hkwfe ds cnys vukosndx.k ls Hkwfe djkj ds vk/kkj ij izkIr dj fjgk;’kh edku cukdj dkfct gSA izdj.k esa /kkjk 170&[k ds izko/kku vkdf”kZr ugha gksrs gSA cfYd lafgrk dh /kkjk 167 vkd`”V gksrh gSA izdj.k ds voyksdu ls ;g Li”V gS fd iqujh{k.kdrkZ dks mldh Hkwfe ds cnys vukosndx.k dh Hkwfe fdl djkj ds vk/kkj ij izkIr gqbZ gS] blls lacaf/kr dksbZ nLrkost izLrqr ugah fd;k x;k gSA iqujh{k.k dks izkjafHkd xzkg~;rk ij lquokbZ ds nkSjku Hkh ,sls dksbZ nLrkost izLrqr ugha fd;s x;s gSA lafgrk dh /kkjk 167 ds izko/kku vuqlkj bl izdj.k esa d`f”k dh lqfo/kk gsrq Hkwfe cnys esa izkIr u dj ml ij fjgk;’kh edku cuk;k tkuk crk;k x;k gSA tks mDr izko/kku dk Li”V mYya?ku gSA fofue; dk iath;u Hkh ugha djk;k x;k gSA N-x- Hkw&jktLo lafgrk] 1959 dh /kkjk 167 ds izko/kku fuEukuqlkj gS % & 167- Hkwfe dk fofue; (Exchange of Land) && /kkjk 165 ds mica/kksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq, Hkwfe Lokeh] [ksrksa dh pdcanh ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s ;k [ksrksa esa vkSj vf/kd lqfo/kk lqfuf’pr djus ds iz;kstu ds fy;s] vius laiw.kZ [kkrs ;k mlls fdlh Hkkx dk fofue; ikjLifjd djkj }kjk dj ldsaxsA ¼1½ fofue; (Exchange) && HkwfeLokeh] nwljs HkwfeLokeh dh Hkwfe ds cnys viuh Hkwfe nsdj tc vkil esa [ksrh dh lqfo/kk ds fy;s ;k [ksr ,d LFkku ij pdcanh djus ds vk’k; ls djus ds fy;s] cnyko djrk gS ftls fofue; dh tkus okyh d`f”k Hkwfe dk ewY; 100@& :i;s ls T;knk gks rks fofue; ds laO;ogkj dh jftLVªh Hkh djkuk vfuok;Z gksxk] vU;Fkk /kkjk 118 Vh-ih- ,DV ds vuqlkj ;g fof/k ekU; ugha gksxkA ¼o”kZ 1988 jk-fu- 166 ,oa o”kZ 1978 jk-fu- 471] o”kZ 1978 jk-fu- 211 rFkk o”kZ 1972 jk-fu- 430½A ¼2½ fofue; varj.k gS] /kkjk 167 HkwfeLokeh dh Hkwfe ls fofue; djus dh btktr nsrh gS ysfdu og tujy ykW&jftLVsª’ku ,DV] Vh-ih-,DV ykxw gksus ls ugha djrh gS varj.k ;k fofue; Hkwfe dk /kkjk 167 ds rgr fd;s tkus esa tc laifRr dk ewY; 100 :i;s ls vf/kd gks rks /kkjk 17 jftLVªhdj.k vf/kfu;e rFkk Vh-ih- ,DV 1882 dh /kkjk 54 ds v/khu jftLVªhdj.k HkwfeLokeh Hkwfe ds fofue; gsrq djkuk vfuok;Z gSA ¼iszeflag fo- panjflag 1996 vkj-,u- 64 iSjk 6&8½A ¼3½ xSj vkfnoklh }kjk fofue; esa vkfnoklh dh Hkwfe ds cnys esa nh xbZ Hkwfe] HkwfeLokeh vf/kdkjksa esa /kkfjr ugha gS fofu;e }kjk varj.k ln~Hkko ij vk/kkfjr ugha gSA ¼izrki cuke e-iz- jkT; 1985 jk-fu- 383 iSjk 6 js-cksMZ½A /kkjk 167 ds vko’;d rRo && i{kdkjksa ds e/; vkilh lgefr ls d`f”k esa lqfo/kk gsrq HkwfeLokeh us viuh Hkwfe dk ,d nwljs ls fofu;e fd;kA /kkjk dk vk’k; iwjk gks tkrk gSA ¼vtqZu flag fo- Hkkjr flag 1995 vkj-,u- 50 gkbZdksVZ½A VªkalQj vkWQ izkiVhZ ,DV 1882 esa fuEukuqlkj fofue; dh ifjHkk”kk] mlds vko’;d rRo] fofue; fdl izdkj gksxk] ls lacaf/kr izko/kkuksa dk mYys[k gS % & "Exchange" – defined – When two persons mutually transfer the ownership of one thing for the ownership of another, neither thing or both things being money only, the transaction is called an “exchange”. A transfer of property in completion of an exchange can e made only in manner provided for the transfer of such property by sale. Essential of “Exchange” : An “exchange” is like a “sale” assumes the presence of two parties. They must mutually grant reciprocal estates to each other. (Eston College (provost) Vs. Winchester (Bishop) 3 wills, 458 at P-485) Exchange is a transfer : There can be no exchange where there is no transfer. Exchange how made : Exchange like sale is transfer of property. As such, it can be made only in the manner provided for transfer of such property by sale. Hence, where registration or delivery of possession would have been essential to complete the transfer of such property by sale, it would be necessary also to be complete the transfer by exchange. Exchange is included in the definition of sale under the Transfer of Property Act. Deed of exchange must be evidence by an inter-party document. (Jagdish Tiwari Vs. Hence, where registration or delivery of possession would have been essential to complete the transfer of such property by sale, it would be necessary also to be complete the transfer by exchange. Exchange is included in the definition of sale under the Transfer of Property Act. Deed of exchange must be evidence by an inter-party document. (Jagdish Tiwari Vs. Parmanand Tewari, 1982 All.L.J. 187 at p. 188) mijksDr izko/kkuksa ds izdk’k esa izdj.k ds voyksu ls ;g ik;k tkrk gS fd bl izdj.k esa fofue; laca/kh dksbZ nLrkosth fyf[kr esa ugha izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA dksbZ iathd`r nLrkost ugha gS] u dksbZ bdjkjukek gh izLrqr gSA ekSf[kd vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k varj.k ‘kwU;or gSA oknHkwfe orZeku esa Hkh mRrjoknh vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds i{kdkjksa ds uke ij gh gSA bl izdj.k esa mYysf[kr fofue; mijksDr dkuwuksa dh iwfrZ ugha djrs gSA Li”V gS fd xSj vkfnoklh iqujh{k.kdrkZ ds }kjk vqulwfpr tutkfr ds lnL; vukosndx.k dh Hkwfe ij dCtk dj mUgsa muds fof/k lEer vf/kdkjksa ls diViwoZd oafpr fd;k x;k gSA /kkjk 170 ¼[k½ ds izko/kku izdj.k esa Li”Vr% ykxw gksrs gSA oknHkwfe ij edku fnukad 1-1-84 ds i’pkr~ fufeZr gksuk ik;k x;k gSA mlds iwoZ ds fuekZ.k laca/kh dksbZ nLRkkost iqujh{k.kdrkZ ds }kjk izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k gSA lafgrk dh /kkjk 170¼[k½ ¼3&1&[k½ dk ykHk izkIr djus dh ik=rk ugha gSA lafgrk dh /kkjk 167 ds izko/kku vuqlkj jftLVªh ugha djkbZ xbZ gSA ekSf[kd vk/kkj ij varj.k ‘kwU;or~ gSA ;g /kkjk d`f”k dh lqfo/kk gsrq fd;s x;s fofue; ds laca/k esa gSA bl izdj.k esa ,slk fd;k tkuk ugha ik;k tkrk gSA bl izdj.k ls lacaf/kr fofue; ln~Hkkouk ij vk/kkfjr ugha gSA v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds }kjk ikfjr vkns’k fof/k lEer ik;k tkrk gSA 5- mijksDr fo’ys”k.k ds vk/kkj ij v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds }kjk ikfjr vkns’k esa fdlh izdkj dh =qfV ugha ik;h tkrh gSA izLrqr iqujh{k.k vkosnu i= vk/kkjghu gksus ls izkjafHkd :i ls gh xzkg~; ;ksX; ugha gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa LFkxu vkosnu i= dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha gSA vr% LFkxu vkosnu i= ds lkFk gh izLrqr iqujh{k.k vkosnu i= vLohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds }kjk ikfjr vkns’k fLFkj j[kk tkrk gSA 6- bl izdj.k ds rF;ksa ,oa fopkj.kh; fcanq ds leku gh bl U;k;ky; esa dysDVj] ljxqtk ds }kjk izdj.k dz- 144@v&23@01&02 i{kdkj dknhj fo#) thjdw esa ikfjr vkns’k fnukad 17-2-2003 ds fo#) dknhj dh vksj ls iqujh{k.k vkosnu i= izLrqr fd;s tkus ij iqujh{k.k izdj.k dz- 100@v&23@02&03 iathc) fd;k tkdj lquokbZ dh xbZ gSA mDr izdj.k ds rF; ,oa fopkj.kh; fcanq leku gksus ls ;g vkns’k mDr izdj.k fnukad 100@v&23@02&03 i{kdkj dknhj fo#) thjdw esa Hkh leku :i ls ykxw gksxkA iqujh{k.k vLohd`r