tSu] lnL;-&;s fuxjkfu;ka Hkw izca/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh] mn;iqj ds fu.kZ; fnukad 16-12-2002 ¼izdj.k la- 19@2002½ esa ikfjr fu.kZ; ds fo:} jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 ¼la{ksi esa vf/kfu;e½ dh /kkjk 230 ds vUrxZr dh xbZ gSA 2- izdj.k ds la{ksi esa rF; bl izdkj gS fd fuxjkuh la- 158@2002 ds izkFkhZ oknh }kjk mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] fxokZ ds U;k;ky; esa vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 43 o 183 ds vUrxZr izLrqr fd;k x;k Fkk ftlds lkFk vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 212 dk izkFkZuk i= izLrqr dj fuosnu fd;k fd vizkFkhZx.k dks vLFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk ls ikcan fd;k tkos fd os la;qDr [kkrs dh fookfnr Hkwfe dk fdlh izdkj dk ifjorZu u djs fuekZ.k dk;Z vkfn u djsaA mi[k.M vf/kdkuh us vknsk fnukad 13-11-95 ls vizkFkhZx.k dks vLFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk ls ikcan fd;kA mi[k.M vf/kdkjh us bl vknsk ds fo:} jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh ds le{k vizkFkhZx.k }kjk vihy izLrqr dh xbZA jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh us vius fu.kZ; fnukad 8-10-97 }kjk vizkFkhZx.k }kjk Hkwfe ij fuekZ.k dk;Z djus o Lo:i cnyus ds dkj.k fookfnr lkfcd [kljk dqy fdrk 7 jdck 3 6 fcLok ftlds gky [kljk uEcj 821 yxk;r 824 fdrk 4 jdck 0-7350 gS ij fjlhoj dh fu;qfDr dj nh xbZA jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh] mn;iqj ds bl fu.kZ; fnukad 8-10-97 ds fo:} jktLo e.My esa vizkFkhZx.k }kjk fuxjkuh izLrqr dh xbZA ;g fuxjkuh Hkh e.My us vius fu.kZ; fnukad 23-6-99 }kjk [kkfjt dj nhA bl vknsk ds fo:} utjlkuh Hkh izLrqr gqbZ tks e.My }kjk vius fu.kZ; fnukad 12-9-2002 }kjk okn fuf.kZr gksus ls izHkkoghu gksus ds dkj.k [kkfjt dj nh xbZA oknh }kjk fnukad 22-6-2002 dks ijh{k.k U;k;ky; ls viuk nkok pykuk ugh pkgus ds dkj.k fonMªk djus ls [kkfjt dj fn;k x;kA mDr dk;Zokgh ds nkSjku jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh ds vknsk fnukad 8-10-78 dh ikyuk esa fnukad 12-11-97 dks rglhynkj] fxokZ ds vknskkuqlkj fofokfnr Hkwfe Hkq[k.Mksa ds :i esa ¼fufeZr vkSj fuekZ.kk/khu edkuksa dks NksM+dj½ Hkw vfHkys[k fujh{kd }kjk ipkZ ekSdk fnukad 12-11-97 ds vuqlkj dCtk fy;k x;kA bl ipkZ ekSdk esa dgh ;g mYys[k ugh gS fd ;g dCtk fdlls izkIr fd;k x;kA fnukad 22-6-2002 dks izkFkhZ oknh }kjk okn fonMªk djus ds ipkr Hkwfe dk dCtk fnukad 8-7-2002 dks rglhynkj] fxokZ ds vknsk fnukad 6-7-2002 dh ikyuk esa okfil izkFkhZ oknh dks lqiqnZ dj fn;k x;k o izkFkhZ oknh }kjk fookfnr Hkwfe ds vius fgLls dh Hkwfe dk cspkj jfodkUr f=ikBh] nsosUnzflag >kayk] jktdqekj esgrk ,oa fnusk tkskh ¼izkFkhZx.k fuxjkuh la- 162@2002½ dks dj fn;k x;k ftldk ukekUrjdj.k Lohd`r gksdj jktLo fjdkMZ esa Hkh fnukad 11-7-2002 ds dszrkx.k ds uke vey njken gks x;kA bu lc dk;Zokfg;ksa ds gksrs vizkFkhZx.k }kjk ,d izkFkZuk i= vUrxZr /kkjk 144 lh-ih-lh- ckcr izfrLFkkiu (restitution) jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh] mn;iqj ds U;k;ky; esa fnukad 31-7-2002 dks izLrqr dj fuosnu fd;k fd U;k;ky; }kjk fookfnr Hkwfe ij rglhynkj] fxokZ dks fjlhoj fu;qDr fd;k x;k FkkA fjlhoj us dCtk ekSdk cukdj Hkwfe dCts esa yhA vc pwafd oknh dk okn fonMªk gksus ij [kkfjt gks x;k blfy, Hkwfe ij pwafd vizkFkhZ dk iwoZ esa dCtk Fkk blfy, fjlhoj ls mldk dCtk fnyk;k tkosA jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh us vius vkidksa izFke Lrjh; ewy U;k;ky; (Court of first instance) ekurs gq, fcuk bl tkap ds fjlhoj us dCtk fdlls fy;k ;g ekurs gq, oknh dk nkok vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 43 ,oa 183 ds vUrxZr Fkk blfy, vizkFkhZx.k ds dCts dh ifjdYiuk dj mudksa dCtk nsus ds vknsk vk{ksfir fu.kZ; fnukad 16-12-2002 }kjk fn;s x;sA bl vknsk ls O;fFkr gksdj mDr nksuksa fuxjkfu;ka izLrqr gqbZ gSA 3- fuxjkuh la- 158@2002 esa izkFkhZ ds fo}ku odhy }kjk rdZ fn;k x;k fd izkFkhZ fookfnr Hkwfe dk fjdkMsZM [kkrsnkj gS tks okn ijh{k.k U;k;ky; esa muds }kjk nk;j fd; x;k Fkk og pykus dh vko;drk u gksus ds dkj.k muds }kjk fonMªk dj fy;k x;kA pwafd Hkwfe ij mudk dCtk iwoZ esa Hkh gks x;k FkkA bl lEcU/k esa ;g Hkh dFku fd;k fd jktLo e.My esa vizkFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr fuxjkuh ds le; gh muds }kjk vkosnu fd;k x;k Fkk fd fookfnr Hkwfe ij mudk dCtk gSA fuxjkuh pyus ;ksX; ugh gSA jktLo e.My us dCts ds fcUnq ij ;|fi fu.kZ; ugh fn;kA ysfdu fjlhoj ds vknsk dks ;Fkkor j[kkA fookfnr Hkwfe ij dCtk mudk gks tkos ds dkj.k gh okn fonMªk fd;k x;k FkkA fnukad 8-7-2002 dks Hkh oknh izkFkhZ dk fjlhoj }kjk dCtk lqiqnZxh dh vkSipkfjd QnZ Hkh cukbZ xbZA pwafd oknh izkFkhZ ml Hkwfe ij fjdkMsZM [kkrsnkj drdkj Fkk vkSj fjdkMsZM [kkrsnkj dk fookfnr Hkwfe cspus dk vf/kdkj FkkA mlds }kjk mld fgLls dh Hkwfe dk cspku Hkh vU; yksxksa dks dj fn;k x;k ftldk fjdkMZ esa Hkh vey njken gks x;kA ysfdu v/khjLFk U;k;ky; us fcuk fdlh vk/kkj ,oa vf/kdkj ds lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds izkFkZuk i= ds ek/;e ls dCtk vizkFkhZx.k dks fnyk;s tkus ds vknsk vk{ksfir fu.kZ; ls fn;s gS os iw.kZr;k xSj dkuwuh ,oa {ks=kf/kdkj ls ckgj gSA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vknsk muds }kjk ;k ijh{k.k U;k;ky; }kjk fdlh fdz;kUo;u ;ksX; (Executable) fMdzh ;k vknsk dh lUrqf"V esa izfrLFkkiu dk vknsk ugh Fkk vr% mldk izHkko fMdzh dk ugh gks ldrkA blfy, izkFkhZ }kjk vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 225 ds rgr e.My esa vihy ugh dh tk ldrh Fkh D;ksafd vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 212 ds lEcU/k esa iwoZ esa ijh{k.k U;k;ky; vkSj ckn esa jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh ,oa jktLo e.My }kjk fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;s x;s Fks ftlls lEcfU/kr izdj.k gksus ds dkj.k vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 224 ,oa 225 ds rgr vihy la/kkj.k ;ksX; ugh gksrhA blfy, ;g fuxjkuh izLrqr dh xbZ gSA ;g rdZ fn;k fd blh izdkj ds vknsk tks lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds rgr ikfjr fd;s gS mlds lEcU/k esa iwoZ esa Hkh fuxjkuh ds ek/;e ls gh e.My ,oa mPp U;k;ky;ksa }kjk gLr{ksi fd;k x;k gSA vius dFku dh rkbZn esa ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1980 mM+hlk i`"B 177 ¼iw.kZ ihB½ ¼1½] 1999 vkj-vkj-Mh- i`"B 565 ¼2½] 1959 vkj-,y-MCY;w- i`"B 43 ¼3½] 1988 vkj-vkj-Mh- i`"B 647 ¼4½ dk m}j.k fn;kA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gs fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vknsk iw.kZr;k xSj dkuwuh ,oa {ks=kf/kdkj ds ckgj Fkk D;ksafd u rks jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh Corut of first instance Fks u gh lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds izko/kku gh bl izdj.k esa ykxw gksrs gSA izdj.k esa fdlh U;k;ky; dk ,slk dksbZ fMdzh ;k vknsk ugh Fkk fd ,d i{k ls dCtk ysdj nwljs i{k dks fn;k x;k gks ftls vihyh; U;lk;ky; }kjk fujLr@lakksf/kr ;k iyV dj fdlh nwljs O;fDr dks dCtk nsus ds vknsk fn;s gksA fdlh U;k;ky; ds vknsk ls tc fdlh i{k ls dksbZ dCtk gh ugh fy;k x;k rks lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds izko/kku ckcrk mlh i{k dks dCtk nsus ds bl izdj.k esa ykxw ugh gksrsA D;ksafd u rks vLFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk ds vknsk esa vkSj u gh fjlhojh ds vknsk esa gh ijh{k.k U;k;ky; vFkok vihyh;k U;k;ky; us dksbZ vknsk ckcr izkFkhZ ls dCtk ysus dk gh fn;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh ds U;k;ky; esa /kkjk 144 lh-ih-lh- dk izkFkZuk i= la/kkj.k ;ksX; ugh Fkk vkSj [kkfjt gksus ;ksX; Fkk ysfdu fQj Hkh v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us dsoy d;kl vkSj ifjdYiuk ds vk/kkj ij xSj dkuwuh <ax ls vizkFkhZx.k dks dCtk fnykus dk vk{ksfir vknsk ikfjr fd;k gS og fujLr ;ksX; gSA tcfd fjlhoj fu;qfDr ds iwoZ Hkh izkFkhZ dk dCtk Fkk vkSj fjlhoj lekfIr ds ckn izkFkhZ dks dCTk fjlhoj }kjk fn;k x;k D;ksafd izkFkhZ fjdkMsZM [kkrsnkj FkkA vr% v/khuLFk U;k;ky; jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh dk fu.kZ; fnukad 16-12-2002 fujLr fd;k tkos vkSj mldh ikyuk esa tks Hkh dk;Zokgh gqbZ gS og Hkh fujLr dh tkosA vius mDr rdksZ dh rkbZn esa fuEu uthjsa izLrqr dh%& ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1980 lqizhedksVZ i`"B 1528 ¼5½ ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1994 lqizhedksVZ i`"B 1591 ¼6½ ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1996 cEcbZ i`"B 48 ¼7½ ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1996 dsjy i`"B 286 ¼8½ ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1988 enzkl i`"B 174 ¼9½ ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1990 vkU/kz iznsk i`"B 269 ¼10½ 1959 vkj-,y-MCY;w- i`"B 43 ¼11½ 1999 vkj-vkj-Mh- i`"B 565 ¼12½ 4- fuxjkuh la- 162@2002 esa izkFkhZx.k ds fo}ku odhy dk rdZ gS fd izkFkhZx.k }kjk fookfnr Hkwfe eukgj flag tks fd fjdkMsZM [kkrsnkj Fkk mlds }kjk fof/kor cspkuukek ds ek/;e ls dz; dh xbZ ftldk ukekUrjdj.k Hkh Lohd`r gqvk gS o jktLo fjdkMZ esa vey nkjen gks x;kA tc v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k ;s rF; ekStwn Fks fd izkFkhZx.k fookfnr Hkwfe ds dszrk gS ftldk lanHkZ muds fu.kz; esa Hkh vk;k gSA blds ckotwn Hkh izkFkhZx.k dks i{kdkj ugh cuk;k x;k o fdlh vU; O;fDr dks fjdkMsZM [kkrsnkj dks fcuk lqus dCtk nsus ds vknsk ikfjr dj fn;s tks fof/k fo:} gSA blfy, /kkjk 96 lh-ih-lh- dk izkFkZuk i= ckcr vuqefr isk djus fuxjkuh Hkh fuxjkuh izkFkZuk i= ds lkFk izLrqr fd;k x;kA izdj.k esa izkFkhZx.k ds cgqewY; fgr Hkh fufgr gSA mUgksaus rdZ fn;k fd lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 dk izkFkZuk i= fcuk dszrkx.k dks vko;d i{kdkj cuk;s pyus ;ksx; ugh FkkA tSlk fd ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1980 fnYyh i`"B 171 ¼13½ ,oa vkj-,y-MCY;w- 2001 ¼1½ lqizhedksVZ i`"B 125 ¼14½ esa fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA ;g Hkh dFku fd;k fd vizkFkhZ la- 1 vkSj :iykyk o dj.k flag }kjk U;k;ky; ftyk ,oa l= U;k;k/khk mn;iqj ds ;gka izkFkhZ dzsrkx.k ,oa euksgj flag fodzsrk ds fo:} ,d okn Hkh fodz; i= dks fujLr djk;s tkus ,oa LFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk ckcr izLrqr dj j[kk gS ftldk tokc Hkh izkFkhZ dszrkx.k ,oa fodzrk }kjk fn;k tk pqdk gS vkSj izdj.k ftyk U;k;ky; esa fopkjk/khu gSA fookfnr Hkwfe ij dCtk fodzsrk }kjk izkFkhZ dszrkx.k dks lkSai fn;k gS ,slh fLFkfr esa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dh tkudkjh ds ckotwn Hkh fd izkFkhZx.k fookfnr Hkwfe ds dszrkx.k o dkfct gS rks fdlh izdkj dh csn[kyh ds vknsk o vU; O;fDr dks fookfnr Hkwfe ds lEcU/k esa lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds rgr dCtk fnyk;k tkuk Li"V :i ls vf/kdkj {ks= dk mYya?ku gSA blfy, v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fujLr fd;k tkosA 5- fo}ku odhy vizkFkhZx.k :iykyk ,ao dj.k flag }kjk rdZ fn;k x;k fd oknh dk nkok dCts;kch dk Fkk ftlls ;g izdV gksrk gS fd fookfnr Hkwfe ij vizkFkhZx.k dk dCtk FkkA fjlhoj esa tc Hkwfe yh xbZ rc dCtk vizkFkhZx.k dk FkkA fnukad 8-7-2002 dks iVokjh }kjk tks ekSdk cuk;k x;k og voS/k gSA bl ipkZ ekSdk }kjk dCtk izkFkhZ euksgj flag dks ns fn;k x;k Fkk tcfd dCtk nsus dk ipkZ ekSdk fjlhoj rglhynkj }kjk cuk;k tkuk pkfg;sA tSlk fd 1986 vkj-vkj-Mh- dh /kkjk 144 ds vUrxZr vknsk ikfjr fd;s gSA mi[k.M vf/kdkjh }kjk ;k rglhynkj }kjk fjlhoj ds dCts esa jgh Hkwfe dks fdlh dks lkSairs le; ftl U;k;ky; us fjlhoj fu;qDr fd;k gS mlls vuqefr ysuh pkfg;s Fkh tks ugh yh xbZA blfy, v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 14 ds izkFkZuk i= dks Lohdkj fd;k tks mfpr gSA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; dh ikyuk esa rglhynkj u mUgsa fnukad 19-12-2002 dks dCtk Hkh lkSai fn;k gSA bl lEcU/k esa mUgksaus vkj-ch-ts- 1998 i`"B 619 ¼16½] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1980 xksgkVh i`"B 19 ¼17½] vkj-vkj-Mh- 1995 i`"B 283 ¼18½] vkj-vkj-Mh- 1988 i`"B 569 ¼19½] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1980 lqizhedksVZ i`"B 1528 ¼20½ Hkh m}r fd;sA fo}ku odhy vizkFkhZx.k us ;g Hkh rdZ fn;k fd lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 esa ikfjr vknsk lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 2¼2½ ds v/khu fMdzh ds :i esa ekuh tkrh gS ftlds fo:} vihy gh la/kkj.k ;ksX; gksrh gSA fuxjkuh ds ek/;e ls mlesa gLr{ksi ugh fd;k tk ldrkA bl lEcU/k esa mUgksaus 1975 vkj-vkj-Mh- i`"B 1 ¼21½] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1969 iatkc ,.M gfj;k.kk i`"B 308 ¼22½ o vkj-vkj-Mh 1968 i`"B 284 ¼23½ dk lUnHkZ fn;kA 6- geus mHk; i{kksa ds fo}ku odhyksa dh cgl ij euu fd;k ,oa i=koyh dk voyksdu fd;kA 7- ;s fuxjkfu;ka izkfFkZx.k ,oa vizkFkhZx.k ds fo}ku odhyksa }kjk dh xbZ cgl ds lanHkZ esa eq[; :i ls rhu dkuwuh fcUnqvksa ij xzkg~;rk ds Lrj ij gh fuLrkj.k djus ;ksX; gS tks fuEu gS%& (i) vizkFkhZx.k }kjk tks dkuwuh fcUnq mBk;k x;k og ;g gS fd izLrqr fuxjkfu;ka lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds vUrxZr ikfjr vknsk ds fo:} izLrqr dh xbZ gs tks fMdzh dh ifjHkk"kk esa vkrh gS vkSj lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 2¼2½ ds vuqlkj buds fo:} vihy gh la/kkj.k ;ksX; gS] fuxjkuh la/kkj.k ;ksX; ugh gSA (ii) fuxjkuh la[;k 158@2002 ds izkFkhZ }kjk fof/kd vkifRr mBkbZ xbZ gS fd jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh }kjk lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds vUrxZr izkFkZuk i= gh izdj.k ds rF;ksa ,oa ifjLFkfr;ksa ds lUnHkZ esa la/kkj.k ;ksX; ugh FkkA bl izdj.k esa lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds izko/kku vkd`f"kZr ugh gksrs D;ksafd bl /kkjk ds izko/kkuksa dh vko;drkuqlkj bl izdj.k esa u rks fdlh U;k;ky; }kjk dksbZ fMdzh ;k vknsk ikfjr fd;k x;k ftlls fdlh dks ykHk iznku dj fn;k x;k gks ftls vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk fujLr@ifjofrZr@lakksf/kr dj fn;k x;k gks o ftl O;fDr dks fMdzh ;k vknsk ls ykHk iznku dj fn;k x;k gks ftls vihyh; U;k;ky;k }kjk fujLr ;k ifjorZu djus ds dkj.k ftl O;fDr ls Nhudj iwoZ esa nwljs dks ykHk iznku fd;k x;k gks mls og okfil iquLFkkZfir fd;k tk lds ¼,slh fLFkfr;ka bl izdj.k esa miyC/k ugh gSA u gh vihyh; U;k;ky; Corut of first instance gh gS ftls lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds izkFkZuk i= ij dksbZ fu.kZ; ysus dk vf/kdkj gSA vr% v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kj izkFkZuk i= {ks=kf/kdkj ls ckgj xzg.k djus o izkFkZuk i= la/kkj.k ;ksX; u gksus ij Hkh fu.kZ; ikfjr djus ds dkj.k voS/k o fujLr ;ksX; gSA (iii) fuxjkuh la- 162@2002 ds izkFkhZx.k dk dkuwuh fcUnq ;k gS fd pwafd os fooknxzLr vkjkth ds fof/kor dszrk gS ftldh tkudkjh v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dks miyC/k Fkh vkSj vius fu.kZ; esa mldk lanHkZ fn;k gS rks i{kdkj cuk;s fcuk Hkh izfrLFkkiu dk izkFkZuk i= vUrxZr /kkjk 144 lh-ih-lh- fopkj ;ksX; ugh Fkk vr% v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; voS/k gksus ls fujLr ;ksX; gSA 8- bl izdkj bu fuxjkfu;ka esa fopkj ;ksX; mDr rhuks fof/kd fcUnqvksa ij ijh{k.k fd;k tkdj gh eSa bu fuxjkfu;ksa dk fuLrkj.k fd;k tkuk mfpr le>rk gWwA pwafd nksuksa fuxjkfu;ka jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh ds fu.kZ; fnukad 16-12-2002 ds fo:} izLrqr gqbZ gS ftuesa vizkFkhZx.k leku gS vkSj fooknxzLr Hkwfe Hkh leku gkus ds dkj.k nksuksa fuxjkfu;ka ,d gh vknsk ls fuLrkfjr dh tkrh gSA fu.kZ; dh izfr;ka nksuksa izdj.kksa esa i`Fkd&i`Fkd j[kh tkosA 9- igys vizkFkhZx.k dh fof/kd vkifRr ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr /kkjk 224 ,oa /kkjk 225 esa vihyksa dk izko/kku gSA /kkjk 224 dsoy fMdzh ds fo:} vihyksa dks izHkkfor djrh gSA bl izdj.k esa pwafd fdlh U;k;ky; ls dksbZ fMdzh ikfjr ugh gqbZ gS blfy, vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 224 ds vUrxZr rks muds lEeq[k ugh dh tk ldrhA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; vknsk dh ifjHkk"kk esa vkrk gS tks muds }kjk muds lEeq[k lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds v/khu izLrqr izkFkZuk i= esa ikfjr vknsk gSA vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 225 esa mYys[k gS fd %& ``(1) `An appeal shall lie from the final order passed on an application of the nature specified in the Third Schedule and from such other orders as are mentioned in Section 212 of this Act and in Section 104 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (Central Act, V of 1908) 10- bl izko/kku ds vuqlkj vf/kfu;e dh r`rh; vuqlwph /kkjk 212 o lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 104 ds izko/kkuksa dk voyksdu djus ij ik;k tkrk gS fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vknsk bu rhuksa ls Hkh fdUgh izko/kkuksa ds rgr ikfjr vknsk ugh ekuk tk ldrkA blfy, vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 225 ds v/khu vihy Hkh bl ekeys esa izLrqr ugh dh tk ldrhA vizkFkhZx.k dk ;g rdZ gS fd lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 2¼2½ ds vuqlkj fMdzh dks ifjHkkf"kr dj j[kk gS ftlesa lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 esa ikfjr vknsk Hkh kkfey fd;k x;k gSA pwafd lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 esa ikfjr vknsk fMdzh dh ifjHkk"kk esa vkrk gS blfy, blds fo:} vihy gh la/kkj.k ;ksX; gS fuxjkuh la/kkj.k ;ksX; ugh gSA lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 2¼2½ o 2¼3½ uhps m}r gS%& ``(2) ``decree means the formal expression of an adjudication which, so far as regards the Court expressing it, conclusively determines the rights of the parties with regard to all or any of the matters in controversy in the suit and may be either preliminary or final. It shall be deemed to include the rejection of a plaint and the determination of any question within Section 144, but shall not include- (a) any adjudication from which an appeal lies as an appeal from an order, or (b) any order of dismissal for default. Explanation- A decree is preliminary when further proceedings have to be taken the suit can be completely disposed of. It is final when such adjudication completely dispose of the suit. It may be partly preliminary and partly final. (3) ``decree-holder means any person in whose favour a decree has been passed or and order capable of execution has been made. Explanation- A decree is preliminary when further proceedings have to be taken the suit can be completely disposed of. It is final when such adjudication completely dispose of the suit. It may be partly preliminary and partly final. (3) ``decree-holder means any person in whose favour a decree has been passed or and order capable of execution has been made. lh-ih-lh- ds mDr izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj fMdzh mls gh ekuk tk;sxk ftlesa fd i{kdkjksa ds e/; okn ls lEcfU/kr fo"k; ij vf/kdkjksa dk vafre fofup;u gks pqdk gks vkSj fMdzh gksYMj ls vkk; ml O;fDr ls gS ftlds i{k esa ,slh fMdzh ;k vknsk ikfjr fd;k x;k gks tks fd fdz;kUo;u ;ksX; gksA 11- bl izdj.k ds rF;ksa vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds voyksdu ls izdV gksrk gS fd ijh{k.k U;k;ky; }kjk izkFkhZ ds i{k esa vLFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk tkjh dh xbZ FkhA bl vknsk ds fo:} vizkFkhZx.k }kjk vihy djus ij v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us fjlhoj dk;e fd;k vkSj dCtk fjlhoj us izkIr fd;kA fjlhoj us fdl i{kdkj ls dCtk izkIr fd;k] ;g dCtk izkfIr fjiksVZ fnukad 12-11-97 ls Li"V ugh gS ftls v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us Hkh ekuk gSA i{kdkjksa ds e/; fdlh izdkj dk dksbZ vf/kdkj u rks ijh{k.k U;k;ky; us vkSj u gh v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us gh vfUre :i ls fuf.kZr fd;s gSA u v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; us bu vf/kdkjksa ds fofup;u dks ifjofrZr ;k lakksf/kr fd;k gSA blfy, lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 2¼2½ ds izko/kku ds vuqlkj lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 esa ikfjr vknsk fMdzh ds :i esa gh ugh ekuk tk ldrkA blfy, tc vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 225 ds rgr vknsk ds fo:} vihy la/kkj.k ;ksX; ugh gS o lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 2¼2½ esa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk ikfjr vknsk fdlh fMdzh ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr ugh gksrk rks v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vknsk vihy ;ksX; u gksus ds dkj.k bl ekeys esa dsoy fuxjkuh gh izLrqr dh tk ldrh gSA 12- fo}ku odhy vizkFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr uthjsa vkj-vkj-Mh- 1975 i`"B 1] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1969 iatkc ,.M gfj;k.kk i`"B 308] vkj-vkj-Mh- i`"B 284 tks bl fcUnq ij m}r dh xbZ gS os bl izdj.k ds rF;ksa ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls fHkuu gksus ds dkj.k bl izdj.k ds lUnHkZ esa ykxw ugh gkssrhA mDr uthjksa esa tks izdj.k fopkjk/khu Fks muesa vihyh; U;k;ky; us lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 esa ikfjr vknsk dks vihy ;ksX; bl vk/kkj ij ekuk fd os i{kdkjksa ds e/; fookn fo"k; ij ikfjr fMdzh ds fdz;kUo;u (Execution)] fuoZgu (Discharge) ;k mldh larqf"V vFkok ikyuk (Satisfaction) esa ikfjr vknsk Fks ;k fd lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 47 ;k vknsk 43 fu;e 1 ds v/khu ikfjr vknskks@fMdzh ls lEcfU/kr FksA gLrx.k izdj.k esa ,slh dksbZ fLFkfr;ka fo|eku ugh gSA blds foijhr izkFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr uthj ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1980 mM+hlk i`"B 127 ¼iw.kZ ihB½ }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; esa ;g fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k fd dksbZ vknsk Hkh vknsk rHkh vihy ;ksX; gks ldrk gS tcfd ,slk vknsk fMdzh d ln`; vlj djus okyk (amounting to decree) gks vkSj fMdzh ls vfHkizk; ogh gS tks fd lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 2¼2½ esa fu/kkZfjr gS ftlesa i{kdkjksa ds e/; fookn fo"k; ij vafre :i ls fu.kZ; fy;k x;k gksA ekuuh; iw.kZ ihB ds le{k Hkh blh izdkj dk ekeyk vk;k Fkk tks muds }kjk fjohtu fiVhku ds ek/;e ls gh fjohtu dks iks"k.kh; ekurs gq, vknsk ikfjr fd;k x;kA blh izdkj ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; }kjk ck?kflag cuke f[koyk ¼1½] esa Hkh blh izdkj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 esa ikfjr vknsk ds fo:} fuxjkuh ;kfpdk xzg.k dh tkdj vknsk ikfjr fd;k x;kA bl izjd.k esa ijh{k.k U;k;ky; }kjk lh-ih-lh- ds vknsk 39 fue; 2 ds vUrxZr vLFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk ikfjr dh xbZ FkhA ijh{k.k U;k;ky; us gh ;g ekurs gq, fd izfroknh dk dCtk gS] okn dks fujLr dj fn;kA izfroknh us ijh{k.k U;k;ky; esa ,d izkFkZuk i= vUrxZr /kkjk 144 lh-ih-lh- izLrqr fd;k ftldksa ijh{k.k U;k;ky; us fujLr dj fn;k ftlds fo:} fuxjkuh ;kfpdk ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; ds le{k izLrqr gqbZ ftlesa ;g fu.kZ; fd;k x;k fd%& ``4. The possession was not delivered to the plaintiff under the order of the court. So possession cannot be delivered to the defendant under Sec. 144 C.P.C. nor under Sec. 151 C.P.C. Even if the defendant was dispossessed by the plaintiff under the cloak of injunction order Section 144 C.P.C. is not attracted. The only remedy available to the applicant is to bring a suit for possession against the plaintiff. So possession cannot be delivered to the defendant under Sec. 144 C.P.C. nor under Sec. 151 C.P.C. Even if the defendant was dispossessed by the plaintiff under the cloak of injunction order Section 144 C.P.C. is not attracted. The only remedy available to the applicant is to bring a suit for possession against the plaintiff. e.My }kjk blh izdkj dh fuxjkfu;ka tks lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 esa ikfjr vknsk ds fo:} izLrqr gqbZ gS] le; le; ij mudksa ;g ekudj fopkjkFkZ xzg.k dj fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k x;k fd ,sls vknsk fdlh U;k;ky; ds fdz;kUo;u ;ksX; fMdzh ;k vknsk ftls vihyh; U;k;ky; us fujLr@ifjofrZr@lakksf/kr fd;k gks ls lEcfU/kr u gksdj vU;Fkk ikfjr vknskksa ds fo:} izLrqr dh xbZ gSA vkj-vkj-Mh- 1999 i`"B 565] vkj-vkj-Mh- 1998 i`"B 647 blh izdkj ds mnkgj.k gSA mDr izLrqr uthjksa ftlesa fjohtu ¼fuxjkuh½ gh la/kkj.k ;ksX; ekuh tkdj muesa vknsk ikfjr fd;s x;s FksA ;g izdj.k Hkh blh izdkj dk izdj.k gS fd ftlesa fdlh izdkj dk fdz;kUo;u ;ksX; vknsk tks fMdzh dk vlj j[krk gks ijh{k.k o vihyh; U;k;ky; us ikfjr ugh fd;kA D;ksafd ftl le; fjlhoj dk vknsk vihyh; U;k;ky; us ikfjr fd;k Fkk okn rudh;kr ds adjudication ds fy;s ijh{k.k U;k;ky; esa fopkjk/khu FkkA blfy, mDr foospu dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, vizkFkhZx.k dh ;g vkifRr dh v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds v/khu ikfjr vknsk ds fo:} vihy gh la/kkj.k ;ksX; gS] fuxjkuh ugh] Lohdkj ;ksX; ugh ikbZ tkrhA v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds vknsk ds fo:} dsoy fuxjkuh gh izLrqr gks ldrh gSA blfy, vizkFkhZx.k dh bl fof/kd vkifRr dks [kkfjt fd;k tkrk gSA 13- tgka rd izkFkhZx.k dh nksuksa fof/kd vkifRr;ksa dk izu gS] bl lEcU/k esa eSa lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 dks m}r djuk mfpr le>rk gWw%& ``Where and in so far as a decree or an order is varied or reversed in any appeal, revision or other proceeding or is set aside or modified in any suit instituted for the purpose, the court which passed the decree or order shall on the application of any party entitled in any benefit by way of restitution or otherwise cause such restitution to be made as will, so far as may be, place the parties in the position which they would have occupied but for such decree or order or such part thereof as has been varied, reversed, set aside or modified and, for this purpose, the court may make any orders, including orders for the refund of costs and for the payment of interest, damages compensation and mesne profits, which are properly consequential on such varisation, reversal, setting aside or modification of the decree or order. Explanation-For the purposes of sub-section (1) the expression ``Court which passed the decree or order shall be deemed to include.- (a) where the decree or order has been varied or reversed in exercise of appellate or revisional jurisdiction, the Court of first instance; (b) where the decree or order has been set aside by a separate suit, the Court of first instance which passed such decree or order : (c) where the Court of first instance has ceased to exist or has ceased to have jurisdiction to execute it, the Court which, if the suit wherein the decree or order was passed were instituted at the time of making the application for restitution under this section, would have jurisdiction to try such suit. 14- bl /kkjk ds v/khu izkFkZuk i= izLrqr djus gsrq egRoiw.kZ ,oa vko;d vk/kkj ,oa rRo ;g gS fd tc fdlh i{kdkj ds i{k esa ijh{k.k U;k;ky; }kjk dksbZ fMdzh ;k vknsk ikfjr gksrk gS ml fMdzh vkSj vknsk dh ikyuk esa nwljs i{k dks ykHk ls oafpr dj ;k Nhudj ;k gkfu dkfjr dj izFke i{k dks ykHk fn;k tkrk gS o ;fn ,slh fMdzh vkSj vknsk vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk fujLr@lakksf/kr@ifjofrZr ;k myVk dj fn;k tkrk gS rks ftl i{k ls Nhudj ;k oafpr dj ykHk ijh{k.k U;k;ky; ¼izFke Lrjh; U;k;ky;½ dh fMdzh vknsk ls fn;k x;k gks rks vihyh; U;k;ky; esa ykHkkfUor@lQy i{kdkj dks gh mls ml ykHk dks okil fnyk;s tkus ;k tks gkfu dkfjr gqbZ gS mls iquLFkkZfir fd;s tkus dk izko/kku gSA tc rd mDr fLFkfr;ka fdlh izdj.k esa ugh gS rks lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds izko/kku vkdf"kZr gh ugh gksrs gSA bl izdj.k esa ijh{k.k U;k;ky; us izkFkhZx.k ds i{k esa vLFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk tkjh dh Fkh bl vknsk ls fdlh i{k ls u dCtk ;k vf/kdkj Nhudj mldks gkfu dkfjr gqbZA v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; us bl vknsk dks cnydj fookfnr Hkwfe dks fjlhoj ds dCts esa ns fn;kA ijh{k.k U;k;ky; ds vLFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk ds vknsk ls fdlh us HkkSfrd :i ls fdlh i{k us ik;k o u vU; i{k us [kks;kA vihyh; U;k;ky; ds fjlhoj ds vknsk ls Hkh u dksbZ ykHkkfUor ;k lQy i{kdkj cuk o u fdlh i{k ds fo:} dCts ;k vf/kdkj dk izu gh r; gqvkA vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 dh vko;d nkk,a gh bl izdj.k esa miyC/k ugh gksrhA 15- izdj.k esa fjlhoj rglhynkj] fxokZ dks Lo;a dks dkuwuu dCtk ysuk pkfg, Fkk vkSj ftl O;fDr ls dCtk fy;k x;k mldk lanHkZ dCtk fjiksVZ esa nsus dk izu gh mB ldrk FkkA ysfdu Hkw vfHkys[k fujh{kd }kjk fnukad 12-11-97 dks fookfnr Hkwfe tks fd [kkyh Hkw[k.Mksa ds :i esa iMh Fkh ,sls dqy 25 Hkw[k.M (plots) vU; dqN vkafkd Hkw[k.M o dqN fuekZ.k/khu Hkw[k.M dk dCtk fy;k x;k tks fooknxzLr [kljk uEcj 821 yxk;r 821 fdrk 4 jdck 0-7350 gSDVj esa fLFkr FksA fo}ku odhy vizkFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr uthj vkj-vkj-Mh- 1986 i`"B 88 ds vuqlkj jktLo e.My dh [k.MihB }kjk ;g fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k fd iVokjh ;k vU; vf/kdkjh dks rglhynkj fjlhoju vius vf/kdkj gLrxr ugh dj ldrk vkSj ,sls v/khuLFk deZpkjh;ksa dh dCtk ysus dh dk;Zokgh voS/k o vukf/kd`r gS tks dk;e ugh j[kh tk ldrhA blh izdkj dk fu.kZ; vkj-vkj-Mh- 1985 i`"B 746 esa Hkh fy;k x;k gSA bl n`f"V ls Hkh ns[kk tk;s rks fxjnkoj }kjk dCtk ysus dh dk;Zokgh dh xbZ ftlesa ;g mYysf[kr ugh gS fd dctk fdlls fy;k x;k mls Hkh lgh] fu;fer vkSj fof/kd ugh ekuk tk ldrkA blfy, vizkFkhZx.k dk ;g dFku fd 12-11-97 dh dCtk fjiksVZ esa mulsa dCtk fy;k x;k og izFke rks lkfcr ugh gS o muls dCtk ysus ds gh fdlh U;k;ky; ds Li"V vknsk gs fQj vizkFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr mDr uthjs muds fo:} vlj j[krh gS ftlesa dCts ysus dh dk;Zokgh gh viw.kZ] vfu;fer o vfof/kd gSA ;gh ugh v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk Lo;a ;g ekuk x;k gS fd okn ds fonMªk ds ckn vLFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk ,oa fjlhoj dk vkosnu i= Lor% fu"izHkkoh (Infructuous) gks x;k gSA tc v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ;g eku fy;k x;k gS fd vLFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk vkSj fjlhoj fu;qfDr o vfLrRoghu (Non existent) fo"k; ij lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds v/khu izkFkZuk i= ij v/khuLFk U;k;ky; u vizkFkhZx.k dks Hkwfe dk dCtk fnykus dk vknsk fnukad 16-12-2002 ikfjr fd;k gS og vf/kdkj {ks= ls ckgj ,oa voS/k gksus ds dkj.k fujLr ;ksX; gSA 16- fo}ku odhy izkFkhZx.k dh ;g vkifRr dh /kkjk 144 dk izkFkZuk i= izFke Lrjh; U;k;ky; esa izLrqr gksuk pkfg, Fkk vihyh; U;k;ky; esa ugh ij Hkh fopkj fd;k x;kA lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds vuqlkj izFke Lrj ds ijh{k.k U;k;ky; ftlds }kjk dksbZ vknsk ikfjr fd;k gS ftls vihyh; U;k;ky; us cnyk gS rks /kkjk 144 lh-ih-lh- dk izkFkZuk i= izFke Lrj ds U;k;ky; (Court of first instance) esa gh izLrqr gksuk pkfg, FkkA bl lEcU/k esa vizkFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr uthj ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1980 lqizhe dksVZ i`"B 1528 Hkh izkFkhZx.k dks gh enn djrh gS ftlesa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us ;g fu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 dk izkFkZuk i= izFke Lrj ds U;k;ky; esa gh izLrqr fd;k tk ldrk gS] fdlh vihy U;k;ky; esa ;g izkFkZuk i= izLrqr ugh fd;k tk ldrkA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk ;g rdZ fd pwafd muds }kjk fjlhoj dk;e dh xbZ gS blfy, mudksa gh ;g vf/kdkj gS fd os lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds vUrxZr izkFkZuk i= ij fu.kZ; ikfjr djsa ;g fu"d"kZ fof/k lger ugh gSA izFke rks tSlk fd Åij foospu fd;k x;k gS fd vLFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk o fjlhoj dk vknsk gh izHkko kwU; gS blfy, mlesa dksbZ vknsk ;k ifjorZu dh fLFkfr esa ugh ekuh tkrh o u gh iquLFkkZiuk dk dkj.k o vk/kkj gh miyC/k gSA ysfdu dqN {k.k ds fy;s ;g Hkh eku fy;k tk;s fd v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; us ijh{k.k U;k;ky; ds vLFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk ds vknsk dks cnydj fjlhoj fu;qDr fd;k gS rks Hkh fdz;kUo;u dk dk;Z tks fd lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 dh eakk gS og izFke Lrj ds ewy U;k;ky; tks fd Executing Court gS }kjk gh fu.kZ; ;ksX; gksrh gSA ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1980 lqizhe dksVZ i`"B 1528 esa blh izdkj dk izu ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; ds lEeq[k mRiUu gqvk Fkk mlesa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us ;g r; fd;k fd%& ``23. The Limited question is whether this Court can grant restitution. Prior to Amendment Act, 1976, an application for restitution under Sec. 144 in all cases had to be made to the Court of first instance. Even since the amendment the substituted expression the Court which passed the decree or order would as per clause (a) of the Explanation, mean the Court of first instance because the expression `the Court which passed the decree or order has been deemed to include where the decree or order has been varied preversed in exercise of appellate or revisional jurisdiction; the court of first instance. The present one is the simplest case where the suit in favour of the appellant and against the surety was decreed by the trial Court, i.e. the Court of first instance, and this decree has been reversed by the High Court in exercise of its appellate jurisdiction. In such a situation clause (a) of the Explanation would be attracted and an application for restitution will have to be made to the Court of first instance, i.e. the court of Civil Judge. In such a situation clause (a) of the Explanation would be attracted and an application for restitution will have to be made to the Court of first instance, i.e. the court of Civil Judge. 17- blh izdkj dk fu.kZ; ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1996 cEcbZ i`"B 49 esa fn;k x;k gSA vr% bl n`f"V ls rks ;fn izkFkZuk i= vUrxZr /kkjk 144 dsoy ijh{k.k U;k;ky; tks Court of first instance gS eSa gh izLrqr fd;k tk ldrk gS ;|fi tSlk fd iwoZ esa foospu dj fu"d"kZ fudkyk x;k gS fd bl izjd.k esa rks /kkjk 144 ds izkFkZuk i= izLrqr djus ds fy, dksbZ vk/kkj gh ugh gSA vr% bl fcUnq ij Hkh izkFkhZx.k ds fof/kd vkifRr Lohdkj ;ksX; curh gS o v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds fcuk vk/kkj o vf/kdkj ds fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k gS tks fujLr fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA 18- bl izdj.k ds rF;ksa ij fopkj djsa rks fdlh U;k;ky; dk dksbZ ,slk vknsk ugh Fkk fd ^veqd O;fDr ls dCtk fy;k tkdj veqd O;fDr dks fn;k tk;sA dsoy fookfnr Hkwfe dks fjlhoj esa fy;k x;k Fkk vkSj fjlhoj dh vksj ls Hkw vfHkys[k fujh{kd }kjk tks ekSdk ipkZ dCtk cuk;k x;k Fkk mlesa Hkh fdlh i{k ls dCtk ysuk ugh crk;k x;k tks v/khuLFk U;k;ky; Hkh ekurk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk izfrLFkkiu dk vkosnu i= vUrxZr /kkjk 144 lh-ih-lh- la/kkj.k ;ksX; ugh Fkk] ftls [kkfjt djuk pkfg, FkkA vkj-vkj-Mh- 1999 i`"B 565 esa Hkh blh izdkj dk izdj.k jktLo e.My ds le{k vk;k ftlesa Hkh ;g fcUnq vk;k Fkk fd tc fdlh U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ds }kjk dCtk fdlh dks fnyk;k gh ugh x;k rks okfil dCtk ysdj vU; O;fDr dks dCts nsus dk vknsk mfpr ugh Fkk vkSj jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh us bl uthj ds fu.kZ; esa izkFkZuk i= vUrxZr /kkjk 144 lh-ih-lh- [kkfjt fd;k ftls e.My us Hkh ;Fkkor j[kkA ,sls gh ,d vU; izdj.k nsoh ckbZ cuke ujsUnz dqekj ¼2½] o vU; ds ekeys esa Hkh ;g r; fd;k x;k fd tgka ;g Li"V ugh gS fd fdl O;fDr ls dCtk fy;k x;k rks izdj.k dks ijh{k.k U;k;ky; esa tkap gsrq gh izsf"kr fd;k tkuk mfpr FkkA ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; vkj-,y-MCY;w- 1959 i`"B 43 tks iSjk 12 esa m}fjr fd;k x;k gS og bl izdj.k eas pLik gksrk gS ftlesa ;g r; fd;k x;k gS fd ;gka rd fd ;fn izfroknh vLFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk ls csdkfct (dispossess) Hkh fd;s tkrs rks Hkh lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds vUrxZr dk;Zokgh ugh gks ldrhA l{ke okn ls gh bl fo"k; ij fu.kZ; gks ldrk gSA 19- mDr lHkh fof/kd fLFkfr;ksa ds ckotwn U;k;ky; us Lo;a vius Lrj ij ;g ekurs gq, fd izkFkhZ dk okn iwoZ esa vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 183 ckcr dCts;kch dk Fkk blfy, ;g dYiuk dj yh xbZ fd dCtk vizkFkhZx.k dk gh gksxk o dCtk lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds vkosnu i= d vk/kkj ij gh vizkFkhZx.k dks nsus ds vknsk fn;s x;s tks furkUr xSj dkuwuh gSA tcfd izkFkhZx.k }kjk ;g dFku fd;k x;k fd muds }kj iwoZ essa gh okn dks lakks/ku gsrq izkFkZuk i= ns fn;k x;k Fkk vkSj dsoy LFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk dk gh vuqrks"k pkgk x;k Fkk og izkFkZuk i= ijh{k.k U;k;ky; us [kkfjt dj fn;k ftlds fo:} fuxjkuh Hkh jktLo e.My esa fopkjk/khu FkhA tc izkFkhZx.k Lo;a dCtk izkfIr dh jkgr ugh pkg jgs gS rks v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk vk{ksfir vknsk ls lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds vUrxZr ikfjr vknsk rks bl izdkj dk vknsk gks x;k fd ekuksa vizkFkhZx.k }kjk dCts;kch dk okn nk;j fd;k x;k gks vkSj fcuk dksbZ rudh;kr cuk;s o i{kdkjks dks lqus gh vizkFkhZx.k ds i{k esa lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds vUrxZr fcuk okn pyk;s gh fMdzh dj fn;kA v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; dh ;g dk;Zokgh fof/k fo:} vkSj euekuh gS tks fdlh n`f"V ls leFkZu ;ksX; ugh gSA izfrLFkkiu dh dk;Zokgh U;k;ky; dk Lofoosdkf/kdkj (discretion) ugh gSA tc rd fdlh ,d i{kdkj }kjk fdlh vknsk ls dCtk [kks u fn;k x;k gks o nwljs dks vihy U;k;ky; esa lQy i{kdkj gksus ds dkj.k dCtk ysus dk gd izkIr (Entitled to benefit) u gks x;k gks rks nwljk i{kdkj izfrLFkkiu dk vkosnu ugh dj ldrk gSA ysfdu bl izdj.k esa fdlh ls dCtk ysdj fdlh dks dCtk nsus dk fMdzh ;k vknsk ikfjr u gqvk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ ykHkkfUor ;k lQy i{kdkj gh bl izdj.k esa cuk gSA u gh fdlh U;k;ky; }kjk fdlh i{k dk vf/kdkj o dCtk gh fla} ik;k tkdj dksbZ Positive finding nh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; dk vk{ksfir fu.kZ; vf/kdkj {ks= ds ckgj] euekuk vksj fof/k fo:} gksus ds dkj.k fujLr ;ksX; ik;k tkrk gSA bl lEcU/k esa ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1988 enzkl i`"B 175 dks m}r djuk eSa mfpr le>rk gWw%& ``Only in a case any benefit has been obtained by a party pursuant to or in consequence of or under the cover or colour of a decree or order of a Court, and such a decree or order was varied, reversed or set aside or modified by the higher court, there could be a restitution within the meaning of Sec. 144 of the Code so as to place the parties in the position which they would have occupied but for such decree or order or such part thereof. It was not the case of the defendants that the plaintiff obtained possession pursuant to order or in consequence of or under the colour of order of a Court of the first Court or the decree of the lower appellate Court. The defendants would claim that the plaintiff got into possession unlawfully. In such a contingency, there was no scope for invoking the aid of Sec. 144 of the Code, and the bar of sub-sec. (2) of Sec. 144 of the Code has no application at all and the proper remedy was only by way of an independent suit. The defendants would claim that the plaintiff got into possession unlawfully. In such a contingency, there was no scope for invoking the aid of Sec. 144 of the Code, and the bar of sub-sec. (2) of Sec. 144 of the Code has no application at all and the proper remedy was only by way of an independent suit. mDr uthj bl izdj.k esa iw.kZr;k pLik gksrh gS ftlds vuqlkj ;fn vizkFkhZx.k dks dCts ckcr fdlh izdkj dh vkifRr gS]rks os l{ke U;k;ky; esa fof/k ds izko/kkuksa esa miyC/k vuqrks"k izkIr djus gsrq i`Fkd ls dk;Zokgh dj ldrs gSA vizkFkhZx.k dh ;g vkifRr dh fnukad 8-7-2002 dks izkFkhZ dks iVokjh }kjk dCtk fn;s tkus dh dk;Zokgh mfpr ugh Fkh ;k izkFkhZ }kjk vU; izkFkhZx.k dks cspku xyr Fkk o jktLo vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk ukekUrjdj.k xyr Lohd`r dj fn;k o jktLo fjdkMZ esa xyr rjhds ls bUnzktkr izkFkhZx.k ds i{k esa ntZ dj fn;s gS ;s ,sls fo"k; gS ftlds fo:} l{ke U;k;ky; esa gh dksbZ dk;Zokgh dh tk ldrh gS o bl gsrq vizkFkhZx.k us okn Hkh dj j[kk gSA ysfdu bldk fu.kZ; lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds izkFkZuk i= ;k fuxjkuh esa ugh gks ldrkA fuxjkuh esa rks dsoy dkuwuh fcUnqvksa ij gh fopkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl ekeys esa izFke rks izkFkhZ rks izkFkhZ fookfnr Hkwfe dk fjdkMsZM [kkrsnkj Fkk vr% ogh fookfnr Hkwfe dk mfpr vf/kdkjh gks ldrk gSA f}rh; bl frfFk dks fjlhoj dk vknsk Hkh okn ds fuLrkj.k ls izHkkokwU; gks x;k o okn ds fu.kZ; ls Hkh fLFkfr ;g jgh fd tSls fdlh U;k;ky; esa dksbZ izdj.k pyk gh ugh o fdlh U;k;ky; us dksbZ fu.kZ; gh ugh fn;kA vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa i{kdkj vius Lrj ij vius gd vf/kdkj o dCts ds ckjs esa l{ke U;k;ky; ls jkgr izkIr dj ldrs gSA lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 o 151 blds fy, ek/;e ugh gks ldrsA vr% bl n`f"V ls Hkh v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fujLr ;ksX; gSA 20- tgka rd fuxjkuh la[;k 162@2002 ds izkFkhZx.k dk ;g dFku fd fookfnr Hkwfe muds }kjk dz; dj yh x;h gS ftldh tkudkjh v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dks gksrs gq, Hkh ugh dj ldrk FkkA pwafd fookfnr Hkwfe cspkuukesa ds vk/kkj ij jktLo fjdkMZ esa izkFkhZx.k ds uke vey njken Hkh gks xbZ vkSj mudk fookfnr Hkwfe ij dCtk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk mDr fLFkfr;ksa ds ckotwn vk{ksfir vknsk ckcr vizkFkhZx.k dks dCtk fnykus] voS/k gSA bl lanHkZ esa izkFkhZx.k ds fo}ku odhy }kjk izLrqr U;kf;d fofup;u vkj-,y-MCY;w- 2001¼1½ lqizhedksVZ i`"B 125 ,oa ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1980 fnYYh i`"B 171 dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA bu nksuksa uthjksa esa blh izdkj ds fcUnq fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;s fd tc fdlh O;fDr }kjk fookfnr Hkwfe dk dz; dj fy;k x;k rks og Hkh izHkkfor i{kdkj gSA muds fo:} dCts dh csn[kyh dk fdlh U;;ky; }kjk vknsk ugh fn;k x;k ;|fi v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa esa og i{kdkj ugh Fkk ysfdu og ^^vU; i{kdkj dh ifjHkk"kk esa vkrk gS vkSj ,sls dszrkvksa dks Hkh fcuk l{ke vknsk ds csdkfct (dispossess) ugh fd;k tk ldrkA vizkFkhZx.k us izkFkhZx.k }kjk fookfnr Hkwfe dks iathd`r c;ukek ls dz; dh gS jktLo fjdkMZ esa bldk vey njken Hkh gks x;k ftlds fo:} okn Hkh ftyk ,oa l= U;k;ky; esa izLrqr fd;k gqvk gS ftldksa vizkFkhZx.k }kjk bUdkj ugh fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mDr U;kf;d fofup; ds vk/kkj ij izkFkhZx.k dk izkFkZuk i= ckcr fn;s tkus vuqefr fuxjkuh Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mDr U;kf;d fofup; ds vk/kkj ij izkFkhZx.k dh ;g fof/kd vkifRr Hkh Lohdkj ;ksX; ikbZ tkrh gS fd tc izkFkhZx.k }kjk fjdkMsZM [kkrsnkj ls Hkwfe dk dz; dj fy;k x;k gks vkSj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us bldk izlaKku fd;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa fcuk mUgsa i{kdkj cuk;s og fof/k lEer ugh ekuk tk ldrkA blfy, bl n`f"V ls Hkh v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fujLr ;ksX; gSA rglhynkj }kjk fnukad 19-12-2002 dks dh xbZ dk;Zokgh Hkh voS/k gS D;ksafd izkFkhZ dszrkx.k tks fd ml fnu fjdkMsZM [kkrsnkj Fks ls dCtk fy;k gh ugh x;k o euksgj flag tks iwoZ [kkrsnkj Fkk ls D;ksa] dSls o fdl vk/kkj ij dCtk fy;k x;k gS og Hkh Li"V ugh gSA 21- mDr foospu dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, izkFkhZx.k dh nksuksa fof/kd vkifRr;ka Lohdkj dh tkrh gSA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; uss vf/kdkj {ks= ls ckgj tkdj izjd.k esa lh-ih-lh- dh /kkjk 144 ds izko/kku ykxw u gksus ij Hkh dzsrkx.kksa dks fcuk lqus vk{ksfir vknsk djus esa {ks=kf/kdkj lEcU/kh xaHkhj =qfV ,oa voS/krk dh gSA 22- QyLo:i nksuksa fuxjkfu;ka xzkg~;rk ds Lrj ij gh Lohdkj dh tkrh gS o v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fnukad 16-12-2002 fujLr fd;k tkrk gSA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; fnukad 16-12-2002 dh ikyuk esa tks Hkh dk;Zokgh fnukad 19-12-2002 dks dh xbZ gS] og Hkh fujLr dh tkrh gSA fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA