tSu] lnL; & ;g fuxjkuh lgk;d dysDVj] Msxkuk }kjk jktLo okn la- 29@96 esa ikfjr vknsk fnukad 10-11-97 ds fo:) jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 ¼la{ksi esa vf/kfu;e½ dh /kkjk 230 ds varxZr izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 2- bl izdj.k esa izkFkhZ o rjrhch vizkFkhZx.k }kjk ,d okn Jhjke rFkk vizkFkhZx.k ds fo:) vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 88] 53 ,oa 188 ds varxZr izLrqr dj fuosnu fd;k fd oknhx.k o izfroknh la- 1 Jhjke ,d gh ifjokj ds lnL; gSA vkilh fyf[kr caVokjs ds vk/kkj ij xzke jkrk<wa<k esa la;qDr [kkrs dh [kljk uEcjksa dh iSr`d Hkwfe esa ls [k-ua- 323] 322] 305] 309] 314 o 29 ij oknhx.k o mlds firk dk dCtk dkr gSA oknhx.k ds firk vHkh tsy esa gSA bl Hkwfe dks izfroknhg Jhjke }kjk vU; izfroknh la- 2 vkSj 3 dks cspku dj fn;k x;k ftldk mldks vf/kdkj ugha gSA blfy, cspku dks fujLr djrs gq, mDr [kljk uEcjku dh Hkwfe dk oknhx.k dks [kkrsnkj dkrdkj ?kksf"kr fd;k tkdj Hkwfe muds [kkrs esa ntZ dh tkosA nkSjkus dk;Zokgh okn izfroknh Jhjke dh e`R;q fnukad 1-2-95 dks gks xbZA mlds ipkr~ fnukad 29-5-95 dks ,d izkFkZuk i= izfroknh la- 1 Jhjke ds uke dks gVkus dk izLrqr fd;k x;k ftlds lkFk /kkjk 5 fe;kn vf/kfu;e dk izkFkZuk i= Hkh izLrqr fd;kA mlds ipkr~ iwoZ izkFkZuk i= dh fujUrjrk esa nwljk izkFkZuk i= varxZr vknsk 22 fu;e 4 lh-ih-lh- e`rd ds dk;e eqdke cukus dk izLrqr fd;kA bu nksuksa izkFkZuk i=ksa dks v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us vk{ksfir vknsk fnukad 10-11-97 ls fujLr djrs gq, izfroknhk la- 1 ds fo:) nkok kfer dj fn;kA bl vknsk ds fo:) ;g fuxjkuh izLrqr gqbZ gSA 3- fo}ku odhy izkFkhZ dk rdZ gS fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vknsk fcuk dkj.k crk;s ikfjr Non-speaking vknsk gS ftlesa izkFkhZ dk izkFkZuk i= [kkfjt djus esa xaHkhj =qfV dh xbZ gSA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us u rks /kkjk 5 e;kn vf/kfu;e ds izkFkZuk i= ij vkSj u gh vknsk 22 fu;e 4 lh-ih-lh- ds izkFkZuk i= ij gh dksbZ fu"d"kZ fn;k gS tcfd iwoZ izkFkZuk i= fnukad 29-5-95 muds }kjk ln~Hkkouk ls odhy dh lykg ij fn;k x;k Fkk tks ckn esa dkuwuh isfpnfx;ka mRiUu u gksa ml n`f"V ls lakks/ku djrs gq, e`rd ds dk;e eqdke cukus ckcr fnukad 19-10-95 dks izkFkZuk i= fn;k x;kA izfroknh la- 1 Jhjke }kjk fookfnr Hkwfe izfroknh la- 2 o 3 dks cspku djus ds dkj.k gh iwoZ izkFkZuk i= esa e`rd fodzsrk dk uke odhy dh jk; ij rdZ djus gsrq izkFkZuk i= fn;k FkkA odhy dh xyr lykg ds vk/kkj ij fn;s x;s izkFkZuk i= esa ;fn lakks/ku fd;k tkrk gS rks blesa izkFkhZ dh dksbZ nqHkkZouk ugha tkuh tk ldrh] u gh izfroknhx.k tks fd dzsrk gSa muds fgrksa ds fo:) gh bldk izHkko iM+rk gS D;ksafd eqdnek vc Hkh dzsrkvksa ds fo:) py jgk gS vkSj dszrk] fodzsrk ds dneksa esa gh vkrs gSA ;g Hkh rdZ fn;k fd izkFkhZ oknh }kjk izLrqr okn foHkktu dk Hkh ftlesa vknsk 22 fu;e 9 lh-ih-lh- ykxw ugha gksrk vkSj caVokjs dk okn kfer ¼abate½ ugha gksrkA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; ,oa vU; U;k;ky;ksa }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ;ksa o fof/kd O;oLFkkvksa dks /;ku esa ugha j[kdj vknsk ikfjr fd;k tks U;k;ksfpr ugha gS blfy, v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vknsk fujLr fd;k tkosaA 4- tokc esa fo}ku odhy vizkFkhZx.k dk rdZ gS fd tc ,d izfroknh Jhjke dh e`R;q fnukad 1-2-95 dks gks xbZ rks e;kn vof/k esa dk;e eqdke cukus dk izkFkZuk i= u nsus ds dkj.k keu rks Lor% gh gks x;k gS mldks fujLr djus ds fy, vknsk 22 fu;e 9 lh-ih-lh- dk izkFkZuk i= izkFkhZ }kjk ugha fn;k x;k u gh vf/koDrk }kjk nh xbZ jk; ds laca/k esa gh dksbZ gyQukek gh fn;k x;k gSA blfy, v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us tks vk{ksfir vknsk ikfjr fd;k gS mlesa dksbZ =qfV ugha ikbZ tkrhA 5- geusa mHk; i{kksa dh cgl ij euu fd;kg ,oa fjdkMZ dk voyksdu fd;kA 6- tgka rd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds vk{ksfir vknsk dk loky gS] v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us dsoy 3 iafDr;ksa esa viuk fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k gS tks bl izdkj gS%& ^^i=koyh ij miyC/k fjdkMZ o Ruling dk v/;;u fd;kA Ruling ;gka ykxw gksrh gSA ge izfroknh ds dFku rdksZa ls lger gSA oknhx.k Clean hand ls ugha vk;s gSaA vr% oknhx.k dk izkFkZuk fnukad 29-5-95 o 19-10-95 [kkfjt fd;s tkrs gSA** ;g fu.kZ; izkFkhZ ds izkFkZuk i= esa vafdr dFkuksa dks [kkfjt djus ;k vizkFkhZ }kjk fn;s x;s tokc dks Lohdkj djus ds laca/k esa dksbZ dkj.k u nsrs gq, Non Speaking vknsk gS ftls fu.kZ; dh ifjHkk"kk esa ugha ekuk tk ldrkA Ruling D;ksa ykxw gksrh gS] izfroknh ds dFku o rdZ ls D;ksa lger gSa] fdl izdkj oknh Clean Hand ls ugha vk;s] bl lcdk dksbZ foospu v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us ugha fd;k gS o u gh dksbZ rdZlaxr o okftc vk/kkj nsrs gq, v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us fu.kZ; ikfjr ugha fd;k gSA tcfd U;k;ky; us fu.kZ; ikfjr djrs le; ;g vko;d :i ls vis{kk dh tkrh gSg fd og dkj.k vafdr djrs gq, iw.kZ foospu ds lkFk fu.kZ; vfHkfyf[kr djsA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ,slk ugha fd;k x;k gSA vr% v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vk{ksfir vknsk blh vk/kkj ij =qfViw.kZ gksus ds dkj.k fujLr ;ksX; gSA 7- gekjs le{k vc izu ;g gS fd oknh }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuk i=ksa ij xq.kkoxq.k ds vk/kkj ij gh fu.kZ; fd;k tkosA 8- fdlh izfroknh dh e`R;q gksus ij mlds dk;e eqdke fjdkMZ ij ysus gsrq le; ij izkFkZuk i= u nsus ij o nsj ls izkFkZuk i= izLrqr djus ij okn ds keu ds laca/k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; o ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr dqN fu.kZ;ksa dks mn~/k`r fd;k tkuk ge mfpr le>rs gSA 9- ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1985 lqizhe dksVZ i`"B 606 ¼1½] esa izfroknh dh e`R;q dh tkudkjh ds 6 o"kZ ipkr~ oknh }kjk izLrqr okfjlksa dks fjdkMZ ij ysus ds izkFkZuk i= dks Lohdkj djrs gq, ;g fu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd%& ``It is true that no steps were taken by the appellants for bringing the legal representatives of the deceased respondent No. 5 on record for about 6 years even though according to respondent No. 4 the appellants knew about the death of respondent No. 5. But merely because no application was made by the appellants for bringing the legal representatives of the deceased respondent No. 5 on record we do not think that in the circumstances of the present case that would be a valid ground for refusing to grant the application of the appellants for setting aside the abatement and bringing the legal representatives of the deceased respondent No. 5 on record because the appellants are admittedly from the rural area and in a country like ours where there is so much poverty, ignorance and illiteracy, it would not be fair to presume that everyone knows that on death of a respondent, the legal representatives have to be brought on record within a certain time. The ends of justice require that the application for bringing the legal representatives of the deceased respondent No. 5 should have been granted. 10- blh izdkj ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; us Jherh nsodaoj o vU; cuke kEHkwflag o vU; ¼2½] ds ekeys esa ;g r; fd;k gS fd caVokjs ds nkos esa vknsk 22 fu;e 9 lhihlh ykxw ugha gksrk D;ksafd caVokjs ds nkos esa okn gsrq fujUrj cuk jgrk gS vkSj mldk keu ugha gks ldrkA 11- ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us ,u- ckyd`".ku cuke ,e- d`".kewfrZ ¼3½] ds ekeys esa fn;s x;s fu.kZ; esa e;kn vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 5 ds rgr nsjh dks ekQ djus gsrq larks"ktud dkj.k ds lEcU/k esa tks fl)kUr izfrikfnr fd;k gS ml fu.kZ; ds isjk 10] 11] 12 ,oa 14 bl izdkj gS%& ``10. It is axiomatic that condonation of delay is a matter of discretion of the court. Sec. 5 of the Limitation Act does not say that such discretion can be exercised only if the delay is within a certain limit. Length of delay is no matter, acceptability of the explanation is the only criterion. Sometime delay of the shortest range may be uncondonable due to want of acceptable explanation whereas in certain other cases delay of very long range can be condoned as the explanation thereof is satisfactory. Once the court accepts the explanation as sufficient it is the result of positive exercise of discretion and normally the superior court should not disturb such finding, much less in revisional jurisdiction, unless the exercise of discretion was on wholly untenable grounds or arbitrary or perverse. But it is a different matter when the first court refuses to condone the delay. But it is a different matter when the first court refuses to condone the delay. In such cases, the superior court would be free to consider the cause shown for the delay afresh and it is open to such superior court to come to its own finding even untrammeled by the conclusion of the lower court. 11. The reason for such a different stance is thus : The primary function of a court is to adjudicate the dispute between the parties and to advance substantial justice. Time limit fixed for approaching the court in different situations is not because on the expiry of such time a bad cause would transform into a good cause. (12). Rules of limitation are not meant to destroy the right of parties. They are meant to see that parties do not resort to dilatory tactics, but seek their remedy promptly. The object of providing a legal remedy is to repair the damage caused by reason of legal injury. Law of limitation fixes a life-span for such legal remedy for the redress of the legal injury so suffered. Time is precious and the wasted time would never revisit. During efflux of time never causes would sprout up necessitating never persons to seek legal remedy by approaching the courts. So a life span must be fixed for each remedy. Unending period for launching the remedy may lead to unending uncertainty and consequential anarchy. Law of limitation is thus founded on public policy. It is enshrined in the maxim interest reipublicae up sit finis litium (it is for the general welfare that a period be put to litigation). Rules of limitation are not meant to destroy the right of the parties. They are meant to see that parties do not resort to dilatory tactics but seek their remedy promptly. The idea is that every legal remedy must be kept alive for a legislatively fixed period of time. 14. It must be remembered that in every case of delay there can be some lapse on the part of the litigant concerned. That alone is not enough to turn down his plea and to shut the door against him. If the explanation does not smack of malafides or it is not put-forth as part of a dilatory strategy the court must show utmost consideration to the suitor. That alone is not enough to turn down his plea and to shut the door against him. If the explanation does not smack of malafides or it is not put-forth as part of a dilatory strategy the court must show utmost consideration to the suitor. But when there is reasonable ground to think that the delay was occasioned by the party deliberately to gain time then the court should lean against acceptance of the explanation. while condoning delay the Court should not forget the opposite party altogether. It must be borne in mind that he is a looser and he too would have incurred quiet a large litigation expenses. It would be a salutary guideline that when courts condone the delay due to laches on the part of the applicant the court shall compensate the opposite party to for his loss. It must be borne in mind that he is a looser and he too would have incurred quiet a large litigation expenses. It would be a salutary guideline that when courts condone the delay due to laches on the part of the applicant the court shall compensate the opposite party to for his loss. 12- ;g vfookfnr gS fd izfroknh la- 1 Jhjke dh e`R;q fnukad 1-2-95 dks gks xbZA vknsk 22 fu;e 4¼3½ lh-ih-lh- esa ;g O;oLFkk gS fd izfroknh dh e`R;q ds ipkr fu/kkZfjr le;lhek ¼90 fnu½ esa ;fn e`rd ds okfjlksa dks dk;e eqdke ugha cuk;k tkrk gS rks ,sls e`rd izfroknh ds fo:) okn kfer gksrk gSA ysfdu vknsk 22 fu;e 4¼5½ lh-ih-lh- esa ;g Hkh izko/kku gS fd U;k;ky; larks"ktud dkj.k ekurs gq, ,sls keu dks fujLr dj ldrk gS vkSj izfroknh ds okfjlksa dks fjdkMZ ij fy;s tkus dk vknsk ns ldrk gSA oknh }kjk odhy dh jk; ij igys fnukad 29-5-95 dks izfroknh la- 1 Jhjke tks fd fodzsrk gS mldk uke rdZ djus dk izkFkZuk i= e; e;kn vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 5 ds izkFkZuk i= ds lkFk izLrqr fd;kA bl izkFkZuk i= dk fu.kZ; ugha gqvk mlds iwoZ gh blh izkFkZuk i= dh fujUrjrk esa o bleas lakks/ku djrs gq, vknsk 22 fu;e 4 lifBr /kkjk 151 lh-ih-lh- ds varxZr izkFkZuk i= izLrqr dj e`rd ds okfjlksa dks fjdkMZ ij ysus dk fuosnu fd;kA blfy, bl izdj.k esa nksuksa izkFkZuk i=ksa dks ,d lkFk gh i<+k tkdj gh fu.kZ; fd;k tkosxkA 13- ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; o ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; }kjk nh xbZ mDr mn~/k`r fof/kd O;oLFkkvksa ds lanHkZ esa bl izdj.k dk ijh{k.k fd;k tkos rks ;g ik;k tkrk gS fd oknh us okn esa caVokjs ds vk/kkj ij fookfnr Hkwfe dk caVokjk djus vkSj oknh dks [kkrsnkj ?kksf"kr djus dh bLrnqvk Hkh dh gS vkSj caVokjs ds okn esa vknsk 22 fu;e 9 lhihlh ykxw ugha gksrk tSlk fd ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; }kjk mDr mn~/k`r fu.kZ; ¼vkj-,y-vkj- 1996¼2½ i`"B 23½ ¼lqijk½] esa r; fd;k gSA blfy, bl izdj.k esa fdlh ,d izfroknh ds fo:) keu dh dk;Zokgh ugha dh tk ldrh FkhA pwafd izkFkhZ oknhx.k xzke ds vfkf{kr vkSj nwj njkt {ks= ds jgus okys fuoklh gSa] mUgsa dkuwu dh iwjh tkudkjh ugha gksrh vkSj blfy, muls ;g vis{kk ugha gksrh fd os ;g tkudkjh j[ksa fd e`rd ds okfjlksa dks fjdkMZ ij fy;k tkuk gSA bl ekeys esa rks tc e`rd izfroknh }kjk viuh Hkwfe dk cspku izfroknh la- 1 vkSj 2 dks dj fn;k x;k gS blfy, ln~Hkkouk ds vk/kkj ij ;g ekurs gq, fd iwoZ esa gh izfroknh la- 1 ds dneksa esa izfroknh la- 2 vkSj 3 vkrs gSa vkSj os fjdkMZ ij gSa vr% odhy dh jk; ij le; ij dk;e eqdke dk izkFkZuk i= ugha fn;k x;k vkSj tc ckn esa odhy }kjk ;g lykg nh xbZ fd izdj.k esa dksbZ dkuwuh isfpnfx;ka mRiUu u gksa dk;e eqdke dk izkFkZuk i= Hkh nsuk pkfg, mlh vk/kkj ij oknh }kjk izkFkZuk i= fn;k x;k gSA mlesa tks dkj.k vafdr fd;s x;s gSa mudks u ekuus dk dksbZ dkj.k ugha gS blesa oknhx.k dh dksbZ nqHkkZouk izrhr ugha gksrhA ,sls ekeyksa esa odhy dk kiFk i= yxkuk vko;d ugha gS D;ksafd bl ekeys esa izkFkhZ }kjk gYQukek v/khuLFk U;k;ky; esa fn;k x;k gS mldks u ekuus dk dksbZ dkj.k ugha gSA ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; us Vh-,u- lgk; cuke jktLFkku jkT; ¼4½] ds ekeys esa r; fd;k gS fd tc izkFkhZ vius izkFkZuk i= o kiFk i= esa tks dFku djrk gS mls larks"kizn ekuus ds fy, odhy ds gYQukes dh t:jr ugha gSA 14- mDr mn~/k`r U;kf;d O;oLFkkvksa esa ;g r; fd;k x;k gS fd e;kn ds laca/k esa mnkj n`f"Vdks.k viukuk pkfg, ;fn mls U;k; ds mís; dh iwfrZ gksrh gks vkSj ;fn dk;e eqdke cukus dk izkFkZuk i= foyEc ls Hkh izLrqr fd;k x;k gks vkSj ;fn og ln~Hkkoukiw.kZ gks rks mls Lohdkj djuk pkfg;sA bl izdj.k esa izkFkhZ oknh dh dksbZ nqHkkZouk ugha jgh gSA okn i= ds voyksdu ls Hkh tkfgj gS fd mlus vius okn i= esa gh izfroknh Jhjke ds lHkh okfjlksa dk mYys[k fd;k gS ysfdu pwafd vuqrks"k fdlh ls ugha pkgk x;k Fkk blfy, izfroknh la- 1 Jhjke fodzsrk vkSj izfroknh la- 2 vkSj 3 dszrk dks gh i{kdkj cuk;kA bl izdj.k esa e`rd izfroknh la- 1 ds okfjlku dk fookfnr Hkwfe ls la;qDr fgr fufgr gS vkSj e`rd izfroknh Jhjke }kjk fookfnr Hkwfe dk cspku izfroknh la- 2 vkSj 3 dks fd;k gS ftuds fo:) okn fopkjk/khu gS blfy, vfoHkkftr vkSj la;qDr fgr bl izdj.k esa fufgr gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa Hkh okn dks kfer fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr ugha gS] u gh blls izfroknh la- 2 vkSj 3 tks fd dszrk gS muds fgrksa ds fo:) dksbZ izHkko gh blls iM+sxk pwafd os rks dszrk gS vkSj fodzsrk e`rd Jhjke ds okfjl ;fn fjdkMZ ij fy;s tkrs gSa rks la;qDr ,oa iSr`d Hkwfe gksus vkfn ds oknh ds dFkuksa ds laca/k esa os viuk i{k j[k ldsaxsA vr% okfjlksa dks fjdkMZ ij ysus ls bl izdj.k esa lHkh i{kdkjksa dks viuk i{k izLrqr djus dk mfpr volj feysxk vkSj mlls U;k; ds mís; dh iwfrZ gh gksxhA izfroknhx.k dh U;k;ky; esa mifLFkfr o eqdnek yM+us ds fy, leqfpr dksLV ls {kfriwfrZ dh tk ldrh gSA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us bl dkuwuh fLFkfr vkSj U;kf;d O;oLFkkvksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj vk{ksfir vknsk ikfjr fd;k gS ftlesa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us vius {ks=kf/kdkj dk leqfpr mi;ksx ugha fd;k gS blfy, ;g vknsk fujLr ;ksX; gSA 15- QyLo:i mDr fuosnu dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, ;g fuxjkuh Lohdkj dh tkrh gSA lgk;d dysDVj] Msxkuk dk vknsk fnukad 10-11-97 fujLr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj izkFkhZ oknh dk izkFkZuk i= fnukad 19-10-95 ,d gtkj :i;s ¼1000@& :i;s½ dh dksLV vnk djus dh krZ ij Lohdkj fd;k tkdj bl izkFkZuk i= esa mYysf[kr izfroknh la- 1 Jhjke ds okfjlksa dks fjdkMZ ij ysus ds vknsk fn;s tkrs gSA izkFkhZ }kjk v/khuLFk U;k;ky; esa ,d gtkj :i;s tek djkus ij e`rd izfroknh la- 1 Jhjke ds okfjlksa ds fjdkMZ ij ysdj gh okn esa vfxze vko;d dk;Zokgh djsaA dksLV vnk u djus ij ;g fu.kZ; izHkkokhy ugha jgsxkA mHk; i{kksa dks lgk;d dysDVj] Msxkuk ds U;k;ky; esa fnukad 10-5-2004 dks mifLFkr gksus ds funsZk fn;s tkrs gSA 16- fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA