vkns'k 1- vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh] i.Mfj;k ds jktLo izdj.k dzekad 24@v&6@o”kZ 1998&1999 esa ikfjr vkns’k fnukad 26-3-99 ls ifjosfnr gksdj NRrhlx<+ Hkw&jktLo lafgrk] 1959 dh /kkjk 44 ¼2½ ds vUrxZr ;g f}rh; vihy izLrqr dh xbZ gSA xzke cka/kk] rglhy i.Mfj;k dh ukekarj.k iath dh izfof”V dzekad 11 esa ikfjr vkns’k fnukd 17-4-1985 ds QyLo:i ;g izdj.k mn~Hkwr gqvk gSA N-x-Hkw-&jktLo lafgrk] 1959 vkxs lafgrk dgk tk;sxkA 2- vihy vkosnu&i= esa df.Mdk dzekad 1 ls 4 rd izdj.k ds rF;ksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS ftUgsa nksgjkus dh vko’;drk ugha gSA vihy vkosnu&i= esa vihy ds tks vk/kkj n’kkZ; x;s gSa os eq[;r% bl izdkj gS %& v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vkns’k lafgrk ds izko/kkuksa ,oa fu;eksa ds fo:) gSA QthZ ,oa >wBs O;oLFkk&i= ds vk/kkj ij ukekarj.k iath esa ikfjr vkns’k voS/kkfud gSA viathd`r nLrkost ls fdlh O;fDr dks LoRo izkIr ugha gksrk gS ftlls izek.khdj.k vf/kdkjh ]}kjk ukekarj.k iath ij ikfjr vkns’k vf/kdkfjrk jfgr gS vkSj vf/kdkfjrk jfgr vkns’k ij fe;kn dk iz’u mRiUu ugha gksrkA lafgrk dh /kkjk 110 ds vUrxZr fufeZr vkns’kkRed fu;eksa ;Fkk O;fDrxr lwpuk] mn?kks”k.kk tkjh fd;k tkuk] vkfn ikyu ugha fd;k x;k gSA izek.khdj.k vf/kdkjh us O;oLFkk&i= ds vk/kkj ij izek.khdj.k vkns’k ikfjr dj vf/kdkfjrk&jfgr ,oa ‘kwU; vkns’k ikfjr fd;k gSA vihykFkhZ vius fgLls dh Hkwfe ij vkt Hkh dkfct gSA izLrqr U;kf;d n`”VkUrksa dk lgh fo’ys”k.k ugha fd;k x;kA muds }kjk vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh }kjk ikfjr vkns’k fnukad 26-3-1999 ,oa izek.khdj.k vf/kdkjh }kjk izfof”V dzekad 11 esa vkns’k fnukad 17-5-85 dks fujLr djus ds fy, fuosnu fd;k x;kA 3- vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh] i.Mfj;k ds jktLo izdj.k dzekad 24@v&6@98&1999 esa ikfjr vkns’k fnukad 26-3-1999 ds vuqlkj izdj.k ds laf{kIr rF; bl izdkj gSa%& vihykFkhZ NksVwjke o lk/kwjke] fuoklh xzke cka/kk }kjk ukekarj.k iath dh izfof”V dzekad 11] fnukad 27-4-85 ls {kqC/k gksdj ;g vihy izLrqr dh xbZ gSA vihykFkhZ }kjk fe;kn vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 5 ds vUrxZr vkosnu&i= izLrqr fd;k x;k gS rFkk mls fnukad 5-11-97 dks jktLo vfHkys[k dh udy feyus ij vkns’k dh izFke ckj tkudkjh gqbZ ,slk mYys[k fd;k x;kA izLrqr vihy ln~Hkkoukiw.kZ gksus ls foyEc {kek djus ds fy, fuosnu fd;k x;kA xzke cka/kk esa vihykFkhZ ds firk e`rd lk/kwjke ds uke ij dqy [kljk uacj 12] jdck 15&04 ,dM+ Hkwfe ntZ dh xbZ] ftls O;oLFkk&i= ds vk/kkj ij oknHkwfe dks mRrjoknh dzekad 1 ,oa 2 ds uke ij iVokjh vfHkys[k esa ntZ dj fn;k x;k gSA vihykFkhZ }kjk mijksDr ukekarj.k vkns’k fujLr dj oknHkwfe dks vius ,oa mRrjoknh dzekad 3 ds uke ij iVokjh vfHkys[k esa ntZ djus ckcr vkosnu fd;k x;k gSA izdj.k dks lexz :i ls foospuk djus ds i’pkr vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh us ;g ik;k fd ukekUrj.k iath ds voyksdu ls Li”V gksrk gS fd vihykFkhZ vkns’k fnukad 17-5-85 dks mifLFkr Fkk ,oa ukekarj.k iath esa gLrk{kj fd;k gSA vihykFkhZ }kjk iwoZ esa udy fnukad 29-9-97 dks izkIr gks pqdh Fkh ijUrq fnukad 29-9-97 ls 45 fnuksa ds Hkhrj vihy izLrqr ugha fd;kA mRrjoknh ds rdZ ds vuqlkj vihykFkhZ us fnukad 16-10-97 dks udy gsrq iqu% vkosnu fd;kA rnuqlkj fnukad 5-11-97 dks udy izkIr gqbZA mlds ckotwn Hkh 45 fnuksa ds Hkhrj vihy izLrqr u fd;k tkdj 47osa fnu esa vihy is’k dh gS tks le;&lhek ds ckgj gSA blfy, eS vihykFkhZ ds fo}ku vf/koDrk }kjk izLrqr U;k; n`”VkUrksa ls lger ugha gwaA vihy le;&lhek ds ckgj izLrqr dh xbZ gSA /kkjk 110] e-iz-Hkw&jktLo lafgrk 1959 dk Ldksi gS fd e`rd ds ukekarj.k dks mlds LFkku ij ukekarj.k ds ekeys esa pqukSrh ugha nh tk ldrhA ewy HkwfeLokeh QkSr gks pqdk gS] blfy, /kkjk 110 e-iz-Hkw&jktLo lafgrk ds rgr oknHkwfe dk fujkdj.k ugh fd;k tk ldrkA oknHkwfe dk /kkjk 111] e-iz- ys.M jsosU;w dksM ds v/khu mipkj ;ksX; gSA ¼vk/kkfjr & d`”.k oYyHk cuke clarh yky 1973 jk-fu- 452 ,oa tokgj flag cuke ghjkeu flag 1976 jk-fu-ist 382½A mDr U;k; n`”VkUrksa ds rgr fdlh voS/krk dks voS/k rjhds ls ugha fuiVk;k tk ldrkA vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh us fo+}ku vf/koDrk }kjk izLrqr U;k; n`”VkUrksa dks vekU; djrs gq, vihy dks fe;kn vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 5 ds rgr lhek ckg~; gksus ds dkj.k vLohdkj fd;kA 4- vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls fo}ku vf/koDrk Jh ,l-,l- xqIrk ,oa mRrjoknhx.k dh vksj ls fo}ku vf/koDrk Jh ,l-Mh-dkSf’kd us rdZ izLrqr fd;sA vihykFkhZ ds fo}ku vf/koDrk us rdZ izkjaHk djrs gq, ;g cryk;s fd lk/kwjke lrukeh ewy Hkwfe /kkjd gS rFkk 15&04 ,dM+ tehu muds uke ij FkhA os nks HkkbZ FksA lq)w dh e`R;q fnukad 24-3-2000 dks gks xbZ gS rFkk muds 5 iq= gSa fu;ekuqlkj lEifRr dk vk/kk vk/kk fgLlk nksuksa HkkbZ;ksa dks izkIr gksuk pkfg,] tcfd viathd`r ikfjokfjd O;oLFkk&i= ds vuqlkj iw.kZ lEifRr ,d dks gh ns nh xbZA ukekarj.k iath dh izfof”V dzekad 11 dk vkns’k fnukad 17-5-85 dk ikfjr fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlesa dksbZ uksfVl tkjh ugha fd;k x;k] fgrc) i{kdkj dks dksbZ lwpuk ugha nh xbZ vkSj u gh dksbZ bZ’rgkj tkjh fd;k x;kA dksbZ nLrkost izLrqr ugha fd;k x;kA rFkkdfFkr O;oLFkk&i= Hkh izdj.k esa layXu ugha fd;k x;k gSA QthZ gLrk{kj fd;k x;k gSA muds }kjk ;g Hkh cryk;k x;k fd QthZ nLrkost ds ek/;e ls fdlh dk gd ugha Nhuk tk ldrk gSA fe;kn vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 5 ds laca/k esa rdZ izLrqr djrs gq, muds }kjk ;g cryk;k x;k fd mudks vkns’k dh tkudkjh o”kZ 1995 esa gqbZA izdj.k dks xq.k&nks”k ds vk/kkj ij vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh us fuiVkjk ugha fd;k gSA vf/kdkfjrk fcuk vkns’k ‘kwU; ,oa vd`r gS blfy, fe;kn vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 5 vkdf”kZr ugha gksrk gSA muds }kjk vius rdZ ds laca/k esa jktLo fu.kZ; 1991 i`”B 290] jktLo fu.kZ; 1997 i`”B 310] jktLo fu.kZ; 1995 i`”B 72] jktLo fu.kZ; 1987 i`”B 485] jktLo fu.kZ; 1979 i`”B 289 ,oa N-x- jktLo fu.kZ; 2003 i`”B 218 ds U;kf;d n`”VkUr izLrqr fd;s x;s rFkk vihy Lohdkj dj vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh dk vkns’k fujLr djus ds fy, fuosnu fd;k x;kA 4-¼1½ mRrjoknhx.k dh vksj ls fo}ku vf/koDrk us vius rdZ esa ;g cryk;s fd izLrqr vihy le;&ckf/kr gSa fe;kn vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 5 bl izdj.k esa iw.kZ :i ls ykxw gksrk gSA muds }kjk jktLo fu.kZ; 1984 i`”B 36 rFkk jktLo fu.kZ; 1993 i`”B 4 ds U;kf;d n`”VkUr izLrqr djrs gq, vihy dks fujLr djus ds fy, fuosnu fd;k x;kA 5- mHk; i{k ds fo}ku vf/koDrkvksa ds }kjk izLrqr rdksZa dks xaHkhjrk ls ifj’khyu fd;k x;kA vihykFkhZ ds fo}ku vf/koDrk us jktLo fu.kZ; 1991 i`”B 290 ds U;kf;d n`”Vkar izLrqr fd;s gSa] mldk v/;;u fd;k x;kA bl izdj.k esa ;g U;kf;d n`”VkUr ykxw gksuk ugh ik;k tkrk gSA muds }kjk izLrqr vU; U;kf;d n`”VkUr bl izdkj gS%& jktLo fu.kZ; 1997 i`”B 310 ¼1½ ifjlhek vf/kfu;e] 1963] /kkjk 5 & foyac ekQ fd;k tkuk & fo”k; ds xq.kkxq.k ij lkjoku U;k; fd;k tkuk pkfg;s & ekeyk nsjh vkfn ls nkf[ky djus ij i{kdkj dks dksbZ Qk;nk ugha feysxk & foyac dh ekQh ds vkosnu ds fofu’p;u ds le; bu fl)kUrksa dks fopkj esa fy;k tkuk pkfg,A ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1987 ,l-lh- 1352 vuqlfjrA jktLo fu.kZ; 1995 i`”B 72% ¼1½ Hkw&jktLo lafgrk] 1959 ¼e-iz-½] /kkjk 109 rFkk /kkjk 110 & ukekUrj.k fu;e &fu-32 & O;kfIr & vjftLVªhd`r dkSVqfEcd O;oLFkk foys[k & ,sls nLrkost ds vk/kkj ij gd varfjr ;k izksn~Hkwr ugha gksrk & ,sls foys[k ds vk/kkj ij ukekUrj.k ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ¼2½ Hkw&jktLo lafgrk] 1959 ¼e-iz-½] /kkjk 109 rFkk 110 & ifjlhek & mRrjkf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk vius firk dh e`R;q gksus ds i’pkr~ 6 o”kZ rd vkosnu ugha fd;k x;k & mRrjkf/kdkfj;ksa dks fcuk vkosnu fd;s gh fojklru gd varfjr gks tkrk gS & Hkwfe ij mudk gd gS & ifjlhek ds vk/kkj ij ukekUrj.k ls bUdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ¼3½ jftLVªhdj.k vf/kfu;e] 1908] /kkjk 17 ,oa /kkjk 49 & vko’;d jftLVªh ;ksx nLrkost jftLVªhd`r ugha & izHkko & ,sls nLrkost ds vk/kkj ij gd dk vUrj.k ugha gksrk gSA N-x- jktLo fu.kZ; 2003 i`”B 218 % ¼c½- rhu iqf+=;ksa esa ls ,d iq=h dks laiw.kZ laifr viathd`r nLrkost ds vk/kkj ij iznRr & ;g fof/k foifjr gS & ukekUrj.k vfof/k ekU; gSA ¼l½ ikfjokfjd O;oLFkk i= & viathd`r O;oLFkk i= ds vk/kkj ij LoRo ¼gd½ dk gLrkUrj.k ugha gks ldrkA 6- mHk; i{k ds fo}ku vf/koDrkvksa }kjk izLrqr rdksZ ,oa U;kf;d n`”VkUrksa dks xaHkhjrk ls ifj’khyu fd;k x;kA vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh ds izdj.k dzekad 24@v&6@98&99 ,oa xzke cka/kk] iVokjh gYdk uacj 14] jktLo fujh{kd e.My] i.Mfj;k dh ukekUrj.k iath o”kZ 1984&85 dks xaHkhjrk ls v/;;u fd;k x;kA izdj.k lexz :i ls lw{e foospuk djus ds i’pkr~ fLFkfr bl izdkj ikbZ tkrh gS%& 6¼1½- vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh us vihykFkhZ }kjk izLrqr vkosnu&i= dk fe;kn vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 5 ds vUrxZr foyEc ds dkj.k le;&lhek ls ckgj ekuk gS rFkk blh dkj.k muds }kjk izdj.k [kkfjt fd;k x;k gSA izdj.k esa muds xq.k&nks”k ds vk/kkj ij vkns’k Hkh ikfjr ugha fd;k x;k gSA vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh ds vkns’k dks lw{erk ls fo’ys”k.k djus ls ;g ik;k tkrk gS fd ek= nks fnu dk foyEc gksus ds dkj.k muds }kjk fe;k vf/kfu;e] 1963 dh /kkjk 5 ds fo:) ik;k x;k rFkk izdj.k fujLr dj fn;k x;kA bl laca/k esa ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1987 ,l-lh-1353 dk U;k; n`”VkUr mYys[kuh; gS] tks bl izdkj gS%& “3. The legislature has conferred the power to condone delay by enacting S.5 of the Indian Limitation Act of 1963 in order to enable the Courts to do sustantial justice to parties by disposing of matters on ‘merits’. The expression ‘ sufficient cause’ employed by the legislature is adequately elstic to enable the Courts to apply the law in a meaningful manner which subserves the ends of justice that being the life-purpose for the existence of the institution of Courts. It is common knowledge that this Court has been making a justifiably liberal approach in matters instituted in this court. But the message does not appear to have percolated down to all the other Courts in the hierachy. And such a liberal approach is adopted on principle as it is realized that :& (1) Ordinarily a litigant does not stand to benefit by lodging an appeal late. (2) Refusing to condone delay can result in a meritoriou matter being thrown out at the very threshold and cause of justice being defeating. As against this when delay is condoned the highest that can happen is that a cuase would be decided on merit after hearing the parties. (3) ‘Every day’s delay must be explained’ does not mean that a pedantic approach should be made. Why not every hour’s delay, every second’s delay? The doctrine must be applied in a rational common sense pragmatic manner. (4). When substantial justice and technical considerations are pitted against each other, cause of substaintial justice deserves to be preferred for the other side can not claim to have vested right in injustice being done because of a non-deliverate delay. (5) There is no presumption that delay is occasioned deliberately, or on account of culpable negligence, or on account of culpable negligence, or on account of malafides. A llitigant does not stand to benefit by resorting delay. In fact he runds a serious risk. (5) There is no presumption that delay is occasioned deliberately, or on account of culpable negligence, or on account of culpable negligence, or on account of malafides. A llitigant does not stand to benefit by resorting delay. In fact he runds a serious risk. (6) It must be grasped that judiciary is respected not on account of its power to legalize injustice on technical grounds but because it is capable to removing injustice and is expected to do so.” ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk bl laca/k esa fn;s x;s ekxZ&fl)kar ds vuq:i vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh dk vkns’k ugha ik;k tkrk gS] vr% vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh dk vkns’k ugha ik;k tkrk gS] vr% vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh dk vkns’k fof/klEer ugha gksus ds dkj.k fujLr fd;k tkrk gSA 6-¼2½- xzke cka/kk] iVokjh gYdk uacj 14 dh ukekarj.k iath o”kZ 1984&85 dh izfof”V dzekad 11 dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA blesa O;oLFkk i= dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS ,oa ;g O;oLFkk&i= 10-00 :i;s dk LVkEi fnukad 27-4-85 izLrqr] ,slk mYysf[kr gSA blh O;oLFkk&i= ds vk/kkj ij ukekarj.k fd;k x;k gSA izdj.k es uksfVl] bZ’rgkj ;k O;oLFkk i= layXu ugha gS ftlls fd O;oLFkk&i= dh iqf”V gks ldsA blls Li”V gS fd lafgrk dh /kkjk 109 ,oa 110 esa cus fu;eksa dk ikyu izek.khdj.k vf/kdkjh }kjk ugha fd;k x;k gSaA izek.khdj.k vf/kdkjh }kjk viathd`r O;oLFkk&i= dks mYys[kkuqlkj fof/k ekU; dj =qfV dh xbZ gSA O;oLFkk&i= ls dksbZ u;k LoRo dk l`tu ugha gqvk gS ,oa LoRo dk varj.k fufgr ugha gSA lafgrk dh /kkjk 110 ds varxZr cus fu;eksa ds vuqlkj LoRo ds l`tu ds vk/kkj ij gh ukekUrj.k fd;k tkrk gSA Hkkjrh; iathdj.k vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 17 ds vuqlkj ,slk dksbZ nLrkost ftlls LoRo dk varj.k gksrk gS mldk iath;u vko’;d gS rFkk bl vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 49 ds vUrxZr ;fn /kkjk 17 ds varxZr iathdj.k ;ksX; fdlh nLrkost dk iathdj.k ugha fd;k tkrk gS rks ,sls nLrkost ls fdlh vpy laifr ds LoRo esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha vkrkA LoRo dk vUrj.k fcuk fdlh oS/k nLrkost ds ugha gks ldrkA O;oLFkk&i= ,slk oS/k nLrkost ugha gS D;ksafd og iathd`r ugha gS vkSj Hkkjrh; iathdj.k vf/kfu;e ds varxZr LoRo ds varj.k laca/kh dksbZ nLrkost iathd`r ugha djk;k tk ldrk rFkk LoRo dk varj.k ugha gks ldrkA ek= ;g rduhdh ,oa izfdz;kRed vko’;drk ugha gS cfYd ,d okLrfod oS/kkfud vko’;drk gSA 7- izdj.k dks lexz :i ls lw{e foospuk djus ds i’pkr~ vuqfoHkkxh; vf/kdkjh] i.Mfj;k ds izdj.k dzekad 24@v&6@98&99 esa ikfjr vkns’k fnukad 26-3-99 fof/klEer ugha gksus ds dkj.k fujLr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk xzke cka/kk] iVokjh gYdk ua 14 dh ukekarj.k iath o”kZ 1984&85 dh izfof”V dzekad 11 esa izek.khdj.k vf/kdkjh }kjk ikfjr vkns’k fnukad 17-4-85 fof/klEer ugha gksus ds dkj.k fujLr fd;k tkrk gSA izLrqr vihy Lohdkj dh tkrh gSA iqujkosnu Lohd`r