Øe&1 t;iqj }kjk ikfjr iapkV fnukad 22-3-1999 dks pqukSrh nh gS] ftlds }kjk fo}ku Je U;k;ky; us mls izsf"kr fd;s x;s fookn dks fuLrkfjr fd;k gS rFkk ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k gS fd izkFkhZx.k@fu;kstd }kjk izfri{kh@Jfed jkelgk; dks 1-7-1987 ls lsok ls i`Fkd fd;k tkuk vuqfpr ,oa voS/k FkkA Jfed lsok dh fujUrjrk lfgr iqu% lsok esa fu;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS o vU; ifjykHk fnyk;s tkrs gS] tks og fujUrj lsok esa jgrs gq, izkIr djrk ;Fkk Jfed iapkV dh fnukad ls os lHkh osru o vU; ifjykHk izkIr djsxk tks mlls dfu"B ,sls gh Jfed izkIr dj jgs gSSaA 2- la{ksi esa izdj.k ds rF; bl izdkj gSa fd vkS|ksfxd fookn vf/kfu;e] 1947 ¼ftls vkxs pydj vf/kfu;e lEcksf/kr fd;k tk;sxk½ dh /kkjk 10¼1½¼x½ d vUrxZr fuEu fcUnw Je U;k;ky; dks fuLrkj.k gsrq izsf"kr fd;k x;k Fkk %& ^^D;k lfpo t;iqj fodkl izkf/kdj.k] t;iqj o m|kufoK] t;iqj fodkl izkf/kdj.k] t;iqj }kjk Jfed Jh jkelgk; iq= NksVw }kjk Jh ,e-,Q- csx dY;k.k dsUnz e;ad Vkdht ds ikl LVsku jksM+ t;iqj dks fnukad 1-7-87 ls lsok ls i`Fkd fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr ,oa oS/k gSA ;fn ugha rks Jfed fdl jkgr ,oa jkfk dks izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjh gS\** 3- izfri{kh@Jfed us Je U;k;ky; ds le{k Dyse izkFkZuk i= izLrqr fd;k Fkk] ftlesa vfHkdfFkr fd;k Fkk fd izkFkhZx.k@fu;kstd }kjk mldh fu;qfDr nSfud osru Hkksxh csynkj ds in ij m|ku esa dh xbZ Fkh] mlus izkFkhZx.k fu;kstd ds ;gka 240 fnu ls vf/kd dk;Z fd;k Fkk] fdUrq izkFkhZx.k@fu;kstd }kjk 1-7-87 ls mldh lsok;sa ekSf[kd vknsk ls lekIr dj nh xbZ ,oa lsok lekfIr ls iwoZ mls ,d ekg dk uksfVl vFkok cnys esa uksfVl osru dk Hkqxrku ugha fd;k x;k u NaVuh dk eqvkotk fn;k x;k gS] ,slh fLFkfr esaa izkFkhZx.k fu;kstd }kjk vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk&25¼F½ dk mYya?ku fd;k x;k gSA vius izkFkZuk i= dh en la[;k T&10 esa ;g vfHkdfFkr fd;k Fkk fd mlls dfu"B vU; Jfed izkFkhZx.k@izca/kd ds v/khu dk;Z dj jgs gSaA 4- izkFkhZx.k@fu;kstd dh vksj ls Je U;k;ky; ds le{k Jfed }kjk izLrqr LVsVesaV vkWQ Dyse izkFkZuk i= dk mRrj izLrqr fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlesa ;g vfHkdfFkr fd;k x;k Fkk fd izfri{kh@Jfed dks nSfud etnwjh ij yxk;k x;k Fkk vkSj nSfud etnwjksa dks dksbZ fu;qfDr i= ugha fn;k tkrkA tc etnwjksa dh t:jr gksrh gS mudks dke ij yxk fy;k tkrk gS vkSj t:jr u gks rks mudks dke ij ugha yxk;k tkrkA nSfud etnwjh Hkksxh etnwjksa dh etnwjh dk vuqca/k izfrfnu lqcg izkjEHk gksrk gS vkSj izfrfnu lka;dky lekIr gks tkrk gS] mlesa fujUrjrk jgrh gh ugha gSA Jfed }kjk izLrqr Dyse izkFkZuk i= dh en la[;k 8 dk mRrj izkFkhZx.k@fu;kstd us fuEu izdkj fn;k gS%& ^^;g fd iSjk uEcj 8 ds vfHkopuksa esa bruk Lohdkj gS fd Jfed dks ,d ekg dk uksfVl rFkk cnys esa uksfVl is dk Hkqxrku ugha fd;k x;k D;ksafd Jfed bu ykHkksa dks izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjh ugha FkkA Jfed nSfud etnwjh Hkksxh etnwj Fkk mlus yxkrkj ,d lky esa 240 fnu rd dk;Z ugha fd;kA Jfed ds dk;Z esa fujUrjrk Fkh gh ugha mlls jkst lqcg vuqca/k gksrk Fkk vkSj izfrfnu kke dks mldk vuqca/k lekIr gks tkrk FkkA Jfed NaVuh dk fdlh izdkj eqvkotk izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjh ugha FkkA** 5- fufoZokn :i ls Jfed }kjk izLrqr LVsVesaaV vkWQ Dyse izkFkZuk i= dh en la[;k 10 dk foks"k izR;k[;ku ¼specifice denial½ izkFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ugha fd;k x;k gSA izkFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr mRrj ds lexz voyksdu ls ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd muds }kjk vius mRrj esa ;g vkifRr ugha yh xbZ Fkh fd Jfed }kjk LVsVeasV vkWQ Dyse] vf/kfu.kZ; gsrq izsf"kr fookn ls ijs tkdj izLrqr fd;k x;k Fkk ftl ij izkFkhZx.k ds izfrfuf/k }kjk Jfed ls izfr ijh{k.k fd;k x;k FkkA izkFkhZx.k dh vksj ls Je U;k;ky; ds le{k lqcks/k fcgkjh ekFkqj dk kiFk i= izLrqr fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlls Jfed@izfrfuf/k }kjk izfr&ijh{k.k fd;k x;k Fkk rFkk izys[kh; lk{; esaa 11 nLrkost izLrqr fd;s x;s FksA mHk; i{k }kjk fd;s x;s vfHkopuksa ds vk/kkj ij Je U;k;ky; us izdj.k esa fuEu pkj okn fcUnwvksa dh lajpuk dh Fkh %& ^^1- vk;k izkFkhZ us foi{kh izca/kdx.k ds v/khu fnukad 1-8-86 ls 1-7-87 rd 240 fnu ;k blls vf/kd dk;Z dj ,d o"kZ dh fujUrj lsok iw.kZ dh gS\ 2- vk;k fnukad 1-7-87 dks foi{kh izca/kdx.k }kjk dh xbZ izkFkhZ dh lsok lekfIr vkS|ksfxd fookn vf/kfu;e] 1947 ¼vf/kfu;e½ dh /kkjk&2 ¼oo) ds vuqlkj NaVuh gS\ 3- vkSj ;fn NaVuh gS rks D;k NaVuh vf/kfu;e ds izko/kku /kkjk 25¼F½] 25¼G½ o vkS|ksfxd fookn fu;e 77 o 78 rFkk vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 25¼H½ ds mYya?ku esa gksus ls vuqfpr o oS/k gS\ 4- vkSj ;fn NaVuh vuqfpr ,oa voS/k gS rks izkFkhZ fdl jkgr ,oa jkfk dks izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjh gS\** 6- okn fcUnw la[;k&3 vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 25¼F½¼G½ fu;e 77 o 78 o vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 25¼H½ ds mYya?ku ls lEcfU/kr gSA fo}ku Je U;k;ky; i{kdkjksa dks lk{; dks foLrkj iwoZd foosfpr djrs gq, mDr ifjizs{; esa ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k gS fd Jfed us fu;kstd ds ;gka 240 fnu dke ugha Fkk] ,slh fLFkfr esa vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 25¼F½ dk dksbZ mYy?kau ugha gqvk gS] fdUrq okn fcUnw la[;k&3 dk fuLrkj.k djrs gq, fo}ku Je U;k;ky; us ;g ekuk gS fd izkFkhZx.k@fu;kstd }kjk vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk&25¼G½ o fu;e&77 ds vkKkid funsZkksa dk mYya?ku fd;k x;k gS] ftudh ikyuk Jfed dh NaVuh djrs le; fd;k tkuk vko;d FkkA ;g Hkh vo/kkfjr fd;k gS fd tgkW rd Jfed dh NaVuh ds ipkr~ izkFkhZx.k@fu;kstd }kjk ubZ fu;qfDr;ka fd;s tkus dk izu gS] bl laca/k esa u rks izkFkhZx.k dh vkSj ls dksbZ vfHkopu fd;k x;k gS fd muds ikl dk;Z lekIr gks x;k Fkk vkSj u gh bl fcUnw ij dksbZ lk{; izLrqr dh xbZ gSA tqykbZ] 87 ls izkFkhZx.k ds ;gka dk;Z miyC/k FkkA Lo;a izkFkhZx.k@fu;kstd ds lk{kh lqcks/k fcgkjh ekFkqj us viuh lk{; esaa ;g Lohdkj fd;k Fkk fd izfri{kh@Jfed ds tkus ds ckn vko;drkuqlkj u;s Jfed dke ij j[ks x;s Fks ;kfu ubZ fu;qfDr;ka dh xbZ Fkh] bl izdkj izkFkhZx.k@fu;kstd }kjk vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 25¼H½ o fu;e&78 ds izko/kkuksa dh Hkh ikyuk ugha dh xbZ gSA 7- izkFkhZx.k@fu;kstd dh vkSj ls fo}ku vf/koDrk Jh lat; ikjhd us ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k gS fd Je U;k;ky; us mls izsf"kr fookn ls ijs tkdj izdj.k eaas okn fcUnw la[;k&3 dh lajpuk dh Fkh] ftldk {ks=kf/kdkj Je U;k;ky; dks ugha FkkA vius mDr rdZ ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus esjk /;ku Qk;j Vkoj ,.M jcj daiuh vkWQ bf.M;k ¼izk-½ fy- cuke odZeSu ,EIyksbZM fjiztUVsM ckbZ Qk;jLVksu Vk;j ,EIyiksbZt ;wfu;u ¼1½] U;kf;d n`"Vkar izLrqr fd;k ftldh en la[;k&9 esa mPpre U;k;ky; ds ekuuh; U;k;kf/kifr us fuEu funsZk fn;s Fks %& "The fairness of subsequent absorption of some workmen is a matter quite irrelevant for judging the validity of the earlier dismissal of the respondent workmen along with others; it is an entirely separate and independent question. The Tribunal also did not frame an issue on the alleged discrimination. That being so, Tribunal travelled outside its jurisdiction in recording of unfair labour practice and discrimination." 8- mDr U;kf;d n`"VkUr ds vuqkhyu ls ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd mDr izdj.k esa vf/kdj.k dks vuQs;j yscj iszfDVl rFkk fu;qfDr;ksa esa HksnHkko ds lEcU/k esa dksbZ fcUnw vf/kfu.kZ; gsrq iszf"kr ugha fd;k x;k Fkk] fdUrq vf/kdj.k us mDr fcUnqvksa ds lEcU/k esa u rks okn fcUnq dh lajpuk dh vkSj {ks=kf/kdkj ls ijs tkdj ipkrorhZ ,CtkscZlu dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, vknsk ikfjr dj fn;k FkkA Qk;j LVksu Vk;j ,.M jcj daiuh vkWQ bf.M;k ¼izk-½ fy- cuke odZeSu ,EiyksbZM] fjiztUVsM ckbZ Qk;jLVksu Vk;j ,EIyksbZt ;wfu;u ¼mijksDr m)r½ ds izdj.k esa tks funsZk mPpre U;k;ky; ds ekuuh; U;k;kf/kifrx.k }kjk fn;s x;s gS os fopkjk/khu izdj.k esa] izdj.k ds rF; ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ksa eas ykxw ugha gksrs D;ksafd fopkjk/khu izdj.k eas izfri{kh@Jfed us LVsVesaV vkWQ Dyse izkFkZuk i= dh en la[;k&10 esa Li"VrkSj ij ;g vafdr fd;k gS fd izkFkhZx.k us mlls dfu"B Jfedksa dks lsok esa j[kk gqvk gS rFkk en la[;k&10 ds lEcU/k esa izkFkhZx.k us vius mRrj esa fdlh izdkj dk dksbZ izR;k[;ku ugha fd;k FkkA ;g flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds vknsk&8 ds fu;e 3 o 5 ds izko/kkuksa dk foospu bl izØe ij djuk esa mfpr le>rk gwW] tks fuEu izdkj gS %& "O.8 R. 3 Denial to be Specefice. - It shall be sufficient for a defendant in his written statement to deny generally the grounds alleged by the plaintiff, but the defendant must deal specifically with each allegation of fact of which he does not admit the truth, except damages." O.8.R.5- Specific denial.-(1) Every allegation of fact in the plaint, if not denied specifically or by necessary implication, or stated to be not admitted in the pleading of the defenant, shall be taken to be admitted except as against a person under disability : Provided that the Court may in its discretion require any fact so admitted to be proved otherwise than by such admission. (2) Where the defendant has not filed a pleading, it shall be lawful for the Court to pronouncde judgment on the basis of the facts cantained in the plaint, except as against a person under a disability, but the Court may, in its discretion, require any such fact to be proved. (2) Where the defendant has not filed a pleading, it shall be lawful for the Court to pronouncde judgment on the basis of the facts cantained in the plaint, except as against a person under a disability, but the Court may, in its discretion, require any such fact to be proved. (3) In exercising its discretion under the proviso to sub-rule (2), the Court shall regard to the fact whether the defendant could have, or has, engaged a pleader. (3) In exercising its discretion under the proviso to sub-rule (2), the Court shall regard to the fact whether the defendant could have, or has, engaged a pleader. (4) Whenever a judgment is pronounced under this rule, a decree shall be drawn up in accordance with such judgment and such decree shall bear the date on which the judgment was pronounced.)" 9- mDr izko/kkuksas ds vuqkhyu ls Li"V gS fd ;fn izkFkhZ }kjk fd;s x;s vfHkopuksa dk izfri{kh }kjk izR;k[;ku ugha fd;k tkrk gS rks ;g ekuk tk;sxk fd mDr vfHkopuksa dks izfri{kh us Lohdkj dj fy;k gS] fdUrq fopkjk/khu izdj.k esaa rks izkFkhZx.k dh vksj ls izfri{kh@Jfed }kjk izLrqr LVsVesaV vkWQ Dyse izkFkZuk i= dh en la[;k&10 esa Jfed }kjk fd;s x;s vfHkopuksas dks Lohdkj dj fy;k Fkk vkSj izkFkhZx.k }kjk mDr vfHkopuksa dks Lohdkj djus dh fLFkfr esa mDr rF; dks fl) djus dk Hkkj izfri{kh@Jfed ls izkFkhZx.k ij fkV gks x;k Fkk fd vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 25¼G½¼H½ dh ikyuk izkFkhZx.k us iw.kZ:i ls dj nh FkhA fo}ku vf/koDrk izkFkhZx.k us esjk /;ku jsat QksjsLV vkWfQlj cuke dukZVd jkT; o vU; ¼2½] U;kf;d n`"VkUr dh vksj vkdf"kZr fd;k ftlesa mPpre U;k;ky; ds ekuuh; U;k;kf/kifrx.k us ;g funsZk fn;s gS fd Jfed }kjk izLrqr fd;s x;s kiFki=ksa ds lEcU/k esa izcU/kd dh vkSj ls izfr&kiFk i= izLrqr dj fn;s tkus ij bl rF; dks fl) djus dk Hkkj Jfed ij gksxk fd mlus fu;kstd ds ;gka 240 fnu dk;Z fd;k gS ,oa bl laca/k esa Jfed dks izys[kh; lk{; izLrqr djuh gksxh] dsoy bl lEcU/k esa Jfed dh vksj ls Jfed dk kiFk i= izLrqr dj fn;k tkuk i;kZIr ugha gSA jsat QksjsLV vkWfQlj cuke dukZVd jkT; o vU; ¼mijksDr m)r½ izdj.k esa mPpre U;k;ky; ds ekuuh; U;k;kf/kifrx.k }kjk fn;s x;s funsZk bl izdj.k esa ykxw ugha gksrs D;ksafd fopkjk/khu izdj.k esa izfri{kh@Jfed us LVsVesaV vkWQ Dyse izkFkZuk i= dh en la[;k&10 esa mlls dfu"B Jfedksa dks fujUrj ukSdjh ij j[kus ds lECkU/k esa Li"VrkSj ij dFku fd;k x;k gS] ftldk izkFkhZx.k us dksbZ izR;k[;ku ¼denial½ vius mRrj esa ugha fy;k gS vkSj izkFkhZx.k us mDr rF; dks Lohdkj dj fy;k gSA 10- tgka rd Jr U;k;ky; dks izsf"kr fd;s x;s fookn dk lEcU/k gS] izkFkhZx.k dh vkSj ls Jfed }kjk izLrqr fd;s x;s LVsVesaV vkWQ Dyse izkFkZuk i= ds mRrj esa ;g vkifRr ugha mBkbZ xbZ gS fd tks fookn jkT; ljdkj }kjk Je U;k;ky; dks U;k; fu.kZ;kFkZ izsf"kr fd;k x;k Fkk mlesa vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk& 25¼G½¼H½ o fu;e 77 o 78 ds izko/kku vUrxZzLr ugha FksA ;g vkifRr izkFkhZx.k us Je U;k;ky; ds le{k Hkh ugha mBkbZ Fkh vkSj oSls Hkh Je U;k;ky; us bl lEcU/k esa okn fcUnw la[;k 3 dh lajpuk dh Fkh vkSj mDr ifjisz{; esa okn fcUnw dh lajpuk ds mijkUgr mDr fcUnw dk fuLrkj.k izkFkhZx.k ds fo:) fd;k FkkA izkFkhZx.k dh vkSj ls tks rdZ izLrqr fd;s x;s gSa muls ,slk izrhr gksrk gS tSls izkFkhZx.k us vk{ksfir iapkV ds fo:) vihy izLrqr dh gksA izkFkhZx.k fjV ;kfpdk esa vk{ksfir iapkV dks vihyh; U;k;ky; dh rjg ijhf{kr djkuk pkgrs gSaA Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 227 ds vUrxZr mPp U;k;ky; ds i;Zos{kh; {ks=kf/kdkj ds lEcU/k eas mPpre U;k;ky; ds ekuuh; U;k;kf/kifrx.k us l/kkuk yks/k cuke uskyu ba;ksjsal daiuh fy- o vU; ¼3½] U;kf;d n`"VkUr dh en la[;k&7 esa fuEu funsZk fn;s gS %& "The supervisory jurisdiction coferred on the High Courts Under Article 227 of the Constitution is confined only to see whether an inferior court or tribunal has proceeded within its parameters and not to correct an error apearent on the face of the record, much less of an error of law. In exercising the supervisory power under Article 227 of the Constitution, the High Court does not act as an appellate Court or the tribunal. It is also not permissible to a High Court on a petition filed under Article 227 of the Constitution to review or reweigh the evidence upon which the inferior court or tribunal purports to have passed the order or to correct errors of law in the decisions." 11- mDr funsZkksa ds n`f"Vxr ;g ,slk izdj.k ugha gS ftlesa Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 227 ds izko/kku vkdf"kZr fd;s tk ldsA bl fjV ;kfpdk eas dksbZ cy ugha gSA 12- ifj.kker% ;g fjV ;kfpdk fujLr dh tkrh gSA i{kdkj viuk viuk O;; Lo;a ogu djsaxsA