iqjksfgr] lnL;&;g f}rh; vihy }kjk 224 jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 ¼la{ksi esa ^vf/kfu;e*½ ds vUrxZr U;k;ky; Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] mn;iqj ds fu.kZ; ,ao fMØh fnukad 20-12-2000 ds fo:) izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 2- izdj.k ds laf{kIr esa rF; bl izdkj gS fd orZeku vihykUV@oknh yknwjke us ,d jktLo okn U;k;ky; mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] Hkhe ftyk jkelean ds le{k orZeku jsLiksMsaUV la[;k 1@izfroknh la[;k 1] tx:inkl ,oa orZeku jsLiks.MsUV la[;k 2@izfroknh la[;k 2 jktLFkku ljdkj ds fo:) ^vf/kfu;e* dh /kkjk 88 ,oa 188 ds rgr bl vkk; dk izLrqr fd;k fd ekStk tsrx<+ rglhy Hkhe esa vkjkth [kljk uEcj lkfcd 287 dh 1 ch?kk 17 fcLok Hkwfe tks gky [kljk ua- 479 dh 1 ch?kk 14 fcLok pkgh Hkwfe gS rFkk lkfcd [kljk ua- 290 dh 1 ch?kk 10 fcLok pkgh Hkwfe gS tks gky [kljk ua- 480 dh 1 ch?kk 10 fcLok pkgh Hkwfe gS rFkk lkfcd [kljk ua- 281 ,oa 282 dh 0-14 fcLok Hkwfe tks gky [kljk ua- 609 dh jdck 0-13 fcLok pkgh Hkwfe gS rFkk gky [kljk ua- 610 dh 3&10 ¼jdck 0-13 fcLok½ pkgh Hkwfe gS rFkk gky [kljk ua- 610 dh jdck 0-8 fcLok 10 fcLoklh xSj&pkg dk 1@3 fgLlk Hkwfe orZeku vihyk.V@oknh dh [kkrsnkjh Hkwfe gksdj mldk yxku vnk djrk vk jgk gS ,oa dkr dj jgk gSA orZeku jsLiks.VsUV ua- 1@izfroknh ua- 1 lu~ 1973 ls iwoZ fcuk euhySfMx ykbZlsal ds ysunsu dk /kU/kk djrk Fkk vkSj tehuksa ij :i;k m/kkj nsrk FkkA euhySMfax ykbZlsUl u gksus ls tehu dks vius ge esa jgeuukek fy[kus ds ctk; cspkuukek vius ge esa djok ysrk Fkk vkSj mlh fnu m/kkj ysus okyksa ds ge esa bdjkjukek c; mlh tehu dk rgjhj rdehy dj nsrk FkkA oknh us izfroknh ls fnukad 11-5-1973 dks eqcfyx :i;s 2]500@& ij oknxzLr Hkwfe o pkg fgLls ij m/kkj fy;s ftldh fy[kk&i<+h izfroknh ua- 1 ds ikl euhySafMx ykbZlsal u gksus ls oknxzLr Hkwfe jguukesa ds ctk; cspkuukek jftLVMZ djok fn;k ,oa jkfk 2]500@& ij 1@& :i;s izfr lSdM+k C;kt r; gqvkA izfroknh dks cspkuukesa dh jde ikap o"kZ esa vnk djuk r; gqvk ftldk ,d bdjkjukek izfroknh us oknh ds i{k esa mlh fnu fy[k dj fn;kA okn i= esa ;g dFku fd;k x;k fd mijksDr VªkatsDku oknh ,oa izfroknh ds chp oknxzLr Hkwfe ds fo"k; esa gqvk Fkk og vkmV jkbZV cspku dk u gksdj jgu dk Fkk rFkk vkt Hkh ogh fLFkfr gSA okni= esa ;g Hkh dFku fd;k x;k fd izfroknh ua- 1 ls eqfUlQ] Hkhe ds ;gka nhokuh okn la[;k 140@73 esa vius c;ku esa Hkh mDr oknxzLr Hkwfe [kjhn duk ugaha cfYd ikap lky esa iSls ysdj tehu iqu% oknh dks nsuk crk;k ftldk bdjkjukek 1@& :i;s 50 iSls ds LVkEi ij fyf[kr esa fd;kA okn i= esa ;g Hkh vafdr fd;k x;k fd mDr cspkuukesa ds tfj;s tks okLrfod :i ls jgu ds fy;s gqvk VªkatsDku Fkk] oknxzLr Hkwfe o pkg fgLls dk dCtk izfroknh dks ugha fn;k x;k vkSj u mDr Hkwfe ij izfroknh dk dCtk jgk A dCtk oknxzLr Hkwfe ,oa pkg fgLls ij oknh dk gh pyk vk jgk gSA okn i= esa ;g Hkh vafdr fd;k x;k fd izfroknh us mDr jftLVMZ cspkuukesa ds vk/kkj ij fnukad 11-5-1973 ls 25-4-1989 rd jktLo jsdkMZ esa u rks vey&njken djk;k u gh yxku vnk fd;k vkSj cspkuukek [kkeksk jgkA bl izdkj ;g cspkuukek dHkh act upon ugha gqvk D;ksafd okLrfod :i ls ;g cspkuukek u gksdj jgu FkkA izfroknh }kjk vius uke nkf[ky [kkfjt ugha djkus rFkk yEcs le; rd pqIih lk/k dj fnypLih ugha yh D;ksafd oknxzLr Hkwfe;ksa esa mDr dfFkr cspkuukesa ds ckotwn Hkh izfroknh viuk gd] LoRo ,oa LokfeRo ugha ekurk FkkA izfroknh dks oknh us C;kt fnukad 11-5-1973 ls 25@& :i;s izfrekg ds fglkc ls fnukad 31-12-1989 rd fn;kA fnukad 31-12-1989 dks eqcfyx 2]500@& :i;s xkao tsrx<+ esa fn;s vkSj jlhn ekaxus ij dgk fd cspku jftLVªh djek ds ckfM;k tgka igys jgrk Fkk ogka iM+h gqbZ gSA ml cspkuukesa dks dkV dj :i;s dh HkjikbZ cspkuukesa ij gh dj nsxkA bl izdkj cspku dsfUly le>k tkosxk vkSj cspku dk LVkEi HkjikbZ dj oknh dks 4&5 fnu esa ns nsxk vkSj iqu% oknh ds gd esa jftLVªh djkus dh vko;drk ugha jgsxh D;ksafd oknxzLr Hkwfe ij dCtk oknh dk gh gSa rFkk jktLo jsdkMZ esa oknh gh [kkrsnkj gS o [TRUNCATED] 19- E;wVsku izkslhfMaXl esa ikfjr vknsk dks fu;fer jktLo okn ds tfj;s pqukSrh fn;k tkuk jktLo U;k;ky; ds {ks=kf/kdkj esa gh vkrk gS] flfoy U;k;ky; ds {ks=kf/kdkj esa ugha vkrkA bl okn esa lSyMhM ds dSUlhysku dk ugha gksdj cspkuukesa dks voS/k ,oa izHkko kwU; o cU/kddkjh u gksus ls cspkuukek ekU; u gksuk crkrs gq, ?kks"k.kk dk vuqrks"k pkgk x;k gS] tks jktLo U;k;ky; ds {ks=kf/kdkj esa gSA 20- ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us Jherh bUnz dkSj o vU; cuke Jh fkoyky diwj ¼4½] esa Li"V :i ls ;g O;oLFkk nh gS fd fdlh O;fDr }kjk csph xbZ lEifRr ds lEcU/k esa ;fn mlh consideration ds vk/kkj ij iqu% cspku dk ,xzhesUV dj fy;k gks rFkk le; lhek Hkh fu/kkZfjr dj nh xbZ gks rFkk lEifRr dk possession Hkh izFke cspkudrkZ ds ikl gh j[kk x;k gks rks ,slk laO;ogkj (transaction) okLro esa mortgage deed dgyk;sxkA ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; dk ;g fu.kZ; izLrqr izdj.k esa gwcgw pLik gksrk gSA ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us vius fu.kZ; esa tks O;oLFkk nh gS] og bl izdkj gS% ``(A) Transfer of Property Act (1982), Secs. 54, 58-Sale of mortgage-A selling property to B-Contemporaneous agreement or re-sale property to A executed by B for same consideration-Period of 10 years stipulated for claiming re-sale-Possession of property to remain with A on payment of rent to B-Transaction is in reality a mortgage (Obiter). `A executed a document selling certain property to B for certain sum. On the same day a contemporaneous document was executed by B in favour of A agreeing to sell the property in question for same amount within 10 years of the date of the execution of the document executed by A. The possession of the property remained with A and he was to pay Rs. 80/- per month as rent to B. The municipal and other taxes in respect of the property were to be paid by A. The question was about the real nature of the transaction between A and B. Held, that the transaction in question was one of the mortgage in essence and substance though it was clothed in the garb of a a transaction of ostensible sale. The sale deed was for a certain sum. So also the agreement which could be enforced at any time within 10 years was also for an identical sum. The sale deed was for a certain sum. So also the agreement which could be enforced at any time within 10 years was also for an identical sum. If B wanted to purchase an immovable property for the sake of investment he would not have agreed to convey the very same property, for the same amount even after then years. The stipulated period for conveying the property was a very long period of ten years. The very length of the period is suggesive of a transaction of mortgage and not a transaction of absolute sale with a stipulation to reconvey the property in such pecular circumstances, bearing on the relationship between the parties or some other relevant consideration. If B wanted to purchase the property for his personal occupation, he would not have allowed A to continue as a tenant. The property was never mutated to the name of B. These factors clearly spell out the real intention of the parties that it was a transaction of mortgage. The reason for entering into such a transaction of ostensible sale coupled with a contemporaneous agreement to sell within ten years was that if it was not garbed with this paraphernalia and was given the nomenclature of a mortgage the period of redemption would have been 30 years. This period could not have been curtailed without attracting the doctrine of clog on quity of redemption. This was obvious reason for restoring to this device. This period could not have been curtailed without attracting the doctrine of clog on quity of redemption. This was obvious reason for restoring to this device. 21- jktLo e.My ds fofup; ^LVsV vkQ jktLFkku cke lqxuk* ¼5½] esa ;g O;oLFkk nh gS fd fdlh Hkh O;fDr }kjk nh xbZ LohdkjksfDr pkgs og ekSf[kd ;k fyf[kr gks] mlds fy[kkQ i<+h tk ldrh gSa izLrqr izdj.k esa jsLiksMsUV ua- 1 tx:inkl us LOk;a] blh fookfnr nLrkost ds ckcr nhokuh okn la- 140@73] tks eqaflQ] Hkhe dh vnkyr esa pyk] us viuk c;ku nsrs gq, dgk gS fd eSaus dksbZ tehu yknwjke ls ugha [kjhnh gSA eSaus 2500@& :i;s fn;s Fksa] ftlesa jftLVªh djkbZ vkSj ikpa lky esa iSls ysdj tehu mls okil lkSaiuh Fkha eqaflQ] Hkhe ds le{k gq, jsLiks.MsUV tx:inkl ds bl LohdkjksfDr c;ku dks bl izdj.k esa jktLo U;k;ky; ds le{k ,XthfcV ih&7 ds :i esa izekf.kr djk;k gS blfy, jsLiks.MsUV ua- 1 viuh blh LohdkjksfDr ds f[kykQ ugha tk ldrhA 22- jsLiksMsUV }kjk eqfUlQ] Hkhe ds le{k fn;s c;ku ,DthfcV ih&7 ds ckjs esa jsLiks.MsUV ds fo}ku~ vfHkHkk"kd dk rdZ gS fd og mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gdlQk esa muds f[kykQ nk;j nkos esa muds cpko esa ¼fMQsUl esa½ jgk gS blfy, mDr ekSf[kd c;ku jftLVMZ c;ukek ds nLrkost ds fo:) ekU; ugha gS ysfdu tgka cspkuukesa dks eksVZxsV vFkok cspku&MhM fu/kkZfjr djus dk izu gks] ogka ekSf[kd lk{; dkuwuu Lohdkj fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA 23- orZeku jsLiksMsUV }kjk iwoZ flfoy U;k;ky; esa T;wfMfk;y&izkslhfMaXl esa lkiFk fn;s x;s c;ku ls og ckg~; gS vkSj igys okys T;wfMfk;y dsl esa mlds }kjk fn;k x;k c;ku mlds fo:) iz;qDr fd;k tk ldrk gS tSlk fd uwjeksgEen cuke ih: ckbZ ¼6½] ds fofup; esa ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; us ,ohMsal ,DV dh /kkjk 92 ds izksohtks 1 dk foys"k.k djrs gq, O;oLFkk nh gS fd fdlh laO;ogkj (transaction) ds rgr fu"ikfnr gq, nLrkost ds lEcU/k esa ml nLrkost ds fictitious vFkok csukeh gksus ds lEcU/k esa ekSf[kd lk{; nh tkdj mls izekf.kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl fu.kZ; dk gSM uksV ¼ch½ bl izdkj gS%& (b) Evidence Act (1872), Section 92-Proviso I. ``The Section does not exclude oral evidence to prove that the transaction evidence by a instrument is fictious or benami. It is only in case the contract, grant etc. It is only in case the contract, grant etc. are admitted or proved and their real nature is not challenged that the section would bar oral evidence to contradict or vary its terms. It is only in case the contract, grant etc. are admitted or proved and their real nature is not challenged that the section would bar oral evidence to contradict or vary its terms. izLrqr izdj.k esa fookfnr nLrkost cspku&ukek gS vFkok mortgage deed, bl lEcU/k esa ekSf[kd lk{; dh vuns[kh ugha dh tk ldrhA gkykafd bl lEcU/k esa nLrkosth lk{; ls Hkh ;g izekf.kr gksrk gS fd fookfnr nLrkost c;ukek u gksdj mortgage deed gSA blh fl)kUr dks ,vkbZvkj 1984 xqtjkr ist 93¼7½] ,vkbZvkj 1984 dydRrk ist 399 ¼8½] ,vkbZvkj 1977 iVuk ist 234 ¼9½] ,vkbZvkj 1978 bykgkckn ist 123 ¼10½] ,vkbZvkj 1974 ,llh ist 280¼11½ o ,vkbZvkj 1984 iVukist 191 ¼12½] esa izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gSA fyf[kr VªkatsDku vFkok nLrkost ds fo:) ekSf[kd lk{; ;k Lo;a dk lkiFk c;kuksa ds rgr LohdkjksfDr ekU; gSA nksuksa nLrkost cspkuukek ,oa bdjkjukek ,d gh fnu rgjhj o rdehy fd;s x;s ftldh iqf"V jsLiks.MsUV us vius c;ku ,DthfcV ih-7 esa Lo;a us dh gS vkSj Lohdkj fd;k gS fd mldks tehu csph ugha xbZ cfYd iSlk m/kkj fn;k Fkk blfy;s cspku fy[kok fy;k vkSj vihykFkhZ ds ge esa mlh fnu bdjkjukek c; mlh Hwkfe dk fy[k fn;k rFkk lu~ 1973 ls 1989 rd dCtk Hkh jsLiksMsaV ds ikl u jg dj vihyk.V yknwjke ds ikl gh jgkA bl izdkj ;g VªkatsDku jgu dk Fkk blfy, jsLIkks.MsUV us 16 lky rd nkf[ky [kkfjt vius ge esa ugha djok;k rFkk orZeku vihyk.V dk Possession Hkh izekf.kr gqvk gSA 24- v/khuLFk fopkj.k U;k;ky; us 8 rudh;kr cuk dj r; dh mu ij jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh }kjk fu.kZ; ugha nsdj dsoy rudh ua- 5 dk fu.kZ; fd;k gS tks Hkh oS/kkfud fu.kZ; ugha gS D;ksafd fopkj.k U;k;ky; us lHkh vU; rudh;ksa dk foospu dj mu ij viuk fu.kZ; nsrs gq, rudh u- 5 ij fu.kZ; nsrs gq, bl okn dks foØ; i= fujLr djokus ,oa LislhfQd ijQksjesal dk nkok ugha ekuk gSA 25- mijksDr foospu ds vk/kkj ij Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] mn;iqj }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 20-12-2000 fof/k ds lqLFkkfir fl)kUrksa ds foijhr ,oa i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{;ksa ,oa fof/k ds izfrdwy gksus ls mDr fu.kZ; o fMØh fof/k fo:) gksus ds dkj.k fujLr fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA 26- ifj.kkeLo:i vihy Lohdkj dh tkrh gS ,oa Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] mn;iqj }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 20-12-2000 vikLr fd;s tkrs gS rFkk mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] Hkhe ftyk jktleUn }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 20-9-1997 cgky dh tkrh gSA 27- fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA