tSu] lnL;&;g f}rh; vihy vUrxZr /kkjk 224 jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 ¼ftls rRipkr~ ^^vf/kfu;e** dgk tkosxk½ fo:) fu.kZ; o fMØh Hkw izca/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] dksVk fnukad 31-8-1999 ds izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 2- izdj.k ds rF; la{ksi esa bl izdkj gS fd oknhx.k Hkkxpan ,oa vU; us izfroknh Jherh /kUuh o vU; ds fo:) ?kks"k.kk o fu"ks/kkKk dk okn mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] ckjka ds U;k;ky; esa bl vk/kkj ij izLrqr fd;k fd xzke lksj[k.M dyka dh vkjkth [kljk ua- 621 jdck 12 fcLok] 624 jdck 1 fcLok o 627 jdck 16 fcLok dk jsdkMsZM [kkrsnkj dkrdkj fdkuk oYn eaxyk ekyh Fkk ,oa xzke lksj[k.M dyka dh vkjkth [kljk ua- 653 jdck 47 ch?kk 12 fcLok fgLls dk lg [kkrsnkj dkrdkj Fkk ,oa [kljk ua- 1398 jdck 21 ch?kk 9 fcLok esa e`rd fdkuk dk 1@2 fgLlk FkkA fnukad 24-6-1988 dks e`rd fdkuk us vius thoudky esa vkjkth [kljk ua- 621] 624 o 627 dh <kbZ ch?kk] vkjkth [kljk ua- 1398 dh 10 ch?kk 15 fcLok o vkjkth [kljk ua- 653 dh 1 ch?kk 10 fcLok ¼ftls rRipkr~ fookfnr vkjkth ls lEcksf/kr fd;k tkosxk½ dh olh;r Jh enuyky] dUgS;k] HkkxpUn o nsoyky ds uke dj nhA fdkuk dh e`R;q ds ckn oknhx.k fooknxzLr vkjkft;kr ds jdck 14 ch?kk 15 fcLok ds [kkrsnkj cu x;s vkSj mUgsa [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj izkIr gks x;s] ijUrq jktLo vf/kdkfj;ksa us fdkuk dh e`R;q ds ckn fooknxzLr vkjkft;kr dk ukekUrj.k izfroknhx.k ds uke dj fn;k] tks voS/k] vekU; o oknhx.k ds eqdkcys csvlj gSA vr% oknhx.k dks fooknxzLr vkjkth dk [kkrsnkj dkrdkj ?kksf"kr fd;k tk;s o jktLo fjdkMZ esa bldk vady oknhx.k ds uke fd;k tk;s o izfroknhx.k dks LFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk ls ikcan fd;k tk;s fd os fooknxzLr vkjkth esa ls oknhx.k ds dCts dkr esa dskbZ O;o/kku iSnk u djs vkSj u gh mUgsa csn[ky djus dk iz;kl djsaA uksfVl rkehy gksus ds ipkr~ izfroknhx.k us fnukad 25-2-1991 dks okn esa of.kZr rF;ksa ls bUdkj fd;k vkSj foks"k vkifRr;ksa esa dgk fd fdku dh e`R;q ds ckn fnukad 25-5-1989 dks tkr&iapkr ds le{k cSBdj fy[kkoV fy[kh xbZ] ftlesa oknhx.k us oknxzLr vkjkth ij /kUuh csok fdkuyky dk dCtk gksuk Lohdkj fd;kA izfroknhx.k Jherh dSykk] Jherh jkedY;k] Jherh yVwj] fdkuyky dh tk;t vkSykn gS o okfjl gS rFkk fooknxzLr vkjkth ij mudk dCtk gS o os dkr dj ,oa nkos dks [kkfjt djus dk fuosnu fd;kA tokcnkos o nkos ds vk/kkj ij dqy 7 rufd;kr dk;e dh xbZA fnukad 14-10-1997 dks izfroknhx.k o muds vf/koDrk ds mifLFkr ugha gksus ds dkj.k ijh{k.k U;k;ky; us izfroknhx.k ds fo:) ,drjQ dk;Zokgh dhA oknhx.k us vius okn ds i{k esa dqy 4 xokgksa dks izLrqr fd;k ,oa nLrkosth lk{; ds lEcU/k esa olh;r o tekcanh laor 2035 ls 2038 [kljk ua- 621] 624 o 626] tekcanh laor~ 2035 ls 2038 [kljk ua- 653 ,oa tekcanh lEor~ 2035 ls 2038 [kljk ua 1398 iznkZ fd;sA oknhx.k ds vf/koDrk dks lquus ds ipkr~ mi[k.M vf/kdkjh us muds fu.kZ; fnukad 6-1-1998 ls oknh dk okn fMØh dj fn;kA mDr fu.kZ; ls O;fFkr gksdj izfroknhx.k us Hkw izca/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] dksVk ds le{k vihy izLrqr dh] ftUgksaus muds fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 31-8-1999 ls vihykFkhZx.k@izfroknhx.k dh vihy fujLr dj nhA fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 31-8-1999 ls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZx.k@izfroknhx.k us ;g f}rh; vihy jktLo e.My jktLFkku] vtesj esa izLrqr dhA 3- mHk; i{k ds fo}ku vf/koDrkx.k dks lqukA 4- vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls fo}ku vf/koDrk dk dFku gS fd e`rd fdkuk us izR;FkhZx.k la- 1 ls 4 ds ge esa dksbZ olh;r ugha dhA olh;r dks izR;FkhZx.k us vius i{k esa izekf.kr Hkh ugha fd;kA olh;r ds xokg dtksM+ us ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd og vius gLrk{kj dks ugha igpkurkA olh;r esa bl ckr dk dksbZ mYys[k ugha gS fd vihykFkhZx.k dks fookfnr vkjkth ls D;ksa oafpr fd;k tk jgk gS] ;g rF; Lo;a bl ckr dk |ksrd gS fd fdkuk us vius thoudky esa fookfnr vkjkth ds lEcU/k esa dksbZ olh;r ugha dhA vius dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus 1998 ¼1½ Mh,uts ¼,llh½ 150¼1½] U;kf;d n`"Vkar dk lgkjk fy;kA vihykFkhZx.k us fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa viuk vf/koDrk fu;qDr dj j[kk Fkk vkSj vihykFkhZx.k us fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa viuk vf/koDrk fu;qDr dj j[kk Fkk vkSj vihykFkhZx.k dks lwfpr fd;s fcuk vuqifLFkr gks x;sA bl dkj.k vihykFkhZx.k fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa viuk i{k izLrqr ugha dj ik;sA vr% iqu% fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa izfrizsf"kr fd;k tkuk pkfg;s Fkk fdUrq ,slk u dj izFke vihy U;k;ky; us fof/kd =qfV dh gSA vius dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus vkjvkjMh 1990 i`"B 262¼2½] U;kf;d n`"Vkar dk lgkjk fy;kA muds }kjk fopkj.k U;k;ky; us rudhokj QSlyk u dj vknsk 20 fu;e 5 lhihlh dk mYya?ku fd;k gS rFkk izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; us Hkh vknsk 41 fu;e 31 lhihlh dh ikyuk ugha dh gSA nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa us oknhx.k@izR;FkhZx.k dks fookfnr vkjkth dk [kkrsnkj ?kksf"kr djus ,oa muds i{k esa LFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk tkjh djus esa =qfV dh gSA fookfnr vkjkth ij izR;FkhZx.k dk dHkh Hkh dCtk ugha jgkA vihykFkhZx.k gh fookfnr vkjkth ds [kkrsnkj dkrdkj gs rFkk os gh yxku vkfn rFkk flapkbZ kqYd] jkt&dks"k esa yxkrkj tek djkrs vk jgs gSa] fodYi esa vihykFkhZ ds fo}ku vf/koDrk dk dFku gS fd fdku us nks olh;r fy[kh rFkk ckn okyh olh;r vihykFkhZx.k ds i{k esa fy[kh gS] tks ekU; gSA 5- izR;FkhZ la- 1 o 2 ds fo}ku vf/koDrk dk rdZ gS fd fdkuk us olh;rukek izR;FkhZx.k ds i{k esa fy[kk Fkk vkSj rHkh ls yxkrkj fookfnr vkjkth izR;FkhZx.k ds dCts dkr esa pyh vk jgh gSA olh;r ds nks xokgksa us olh;r dk fu"iknu viuh ekStwnxh esa izekf.kr fd;k gSA vihykFkhZx.k dk ;g dFku fujk/kkj gS fd fdkuk us nks olh;r fu"ikfnr dh gSA bl izdkj dk dFku u rks vihykFkhZx.k us vius tokcnkos esa fy;k] u gh bl lEcU/k esa dksbZ rudh cuhA bruk gh ugha Hkw izca/k vf/kdkjh ,oa jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh ds ;gka mUgksaus tks izFke vihy dh] mlesa Hkh bl ckr dk dgha mYys[k ugha gS ;g rF;ksa dk izu gS] ftls f}rh; vihy esa ugha mBk;k tk ldrk u gh bldh Lohd`fr iznku dh tkuh pkfg;sA ijh{k.k U;k;ky; ds le{k vihykFkhZx.k o muds vf/koDrk tkucw>dj mifLFkr ugha gq,] ;g mudh ykijokgh gSA vihykFkhZx.k ds vf/koDrk ds bl dFku esa dksbZ lkj ugha gS fd ijh{k.k U;k;ky; esa muds vf/koDrk us uks baLVªDku IyhM dj fn;s] bl dkj.k mUgsa lquokbZ dk leqfpr volj ugha feykA ijh{k.k U;k;ky; us vknsk 20 fu;e 5 lhihlh dh ikyuk dj rudhokj QSlyk fd;k gS ,oa izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; us Hkh v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; dh iqf"V dh gS bl dkj.k ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; us vknsk 41 fu;e 31 dh ikyuk ugha dh gSA gfjkadj o dtksM tks fd olh;r ds lkFkh gS] mudh xokgh izR;FkhZx.k us fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa djkbZ gS] tks Hkkjrh; lk{; vf/kfu;e] 1872 dh /kkjk 68 ds vuqlkj i;kZIr gSA vius dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus 2003¼3½ Mh,uts ¼,llh½ 797 ¼3½] U;kf;d n`"Vkar dk lgkjk fy;kA v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds leorhZiw.kZ fu"d"kZ gS bl dkj.k f}rh; vihy esa kgknr rFkk rF;ksa dh iqu% foospuk ugha dh tk ldrhA vius bl dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus vkjchts 1999 i`"B 542 ¼4½] ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar dk lgkjk fy;kA vihykFkhZx.k igys olh;rukesa dks flfoy U;k;ky; esa fujLr djk;sa fQj vius vf/kdkjksa ds fy, l{ke U;k;ky; esa okn izLrqr dj ldrs gSaA bl dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus vkjvkjMh 2002 i`"B 77¼5½] dh uthj dk lgkjk fy;k ,oa vUr esa fuosnu fd;k fd vihykFkhZx.k dh vihy lkjghu gksus ds dkj.k fujLr dh tk;sA 6- izR;FkhZ la- 3 o 4 ds fo}ku vf/koDrk us izR;FkhZ la- 1 o 2 ds fo}ku vf/koDrk dh cgl dk leFkZu fd;kA 7- fo}ku jktdh; vf/koDrk us dgk bl izdj.k esa jkT; ljdkj ds fo:) dksbZ vuqrks"k ugha pkgk x;k gS rFkk jkT; ljdkj ek= vkSipkfjd i{kdkj gSA 8- geus nksuksa i{kdkjksa ds fo}ku vf/koDrkx.k ds rdksZ ij euu fd;k rFkk v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa dh i=koyh dk voyksdu fd;kA 9- mi ftyk dysDVj] ckjka us muds fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 6-1-1998 }kjk izR;FkhZx.k dk okn fMØh dj fn;k] ftlds fo:) vihykFkhZx.k us Hkw izca/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] dksVk ds ;gka vihy izLrqr dh] ftUgksaus muds fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 31-8-1999 }kjk fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; o fMØh dh iqf"V dj nhA fopkj.k U;k;ky; us o izFke vihy U;k;ky; us olh;r dks vlyh (genuine) ekuk gSA olh;r ds xokg gfjkadj us vius dFkuksa esaa ;g dgk fd mlds lkeus fdkuk us olh;r djokbZ o vaxwBk fukkuh dh gSA mlus ;g Hkh dgk gS fd mlus olh;rdrkZ dh mifLFkfr esa lk{; nhA olh;r ds f}rh; xokg dtksM+ us mlds lkeus gLrk{kj fd;sA dtksM+ dk ek= ;g dguk fd vka[kksa dh jkskuh de gks tkus ds dkj.k og vius gLrk{kj ugha igpkurkA ;g ugha ekuk tk ldrk fd mlus olh;r ij viuh lk{; ugha nhA Hkkjrh; lk{; vf/kfu;e] 1872 dh /kkjk 68 o xokgksa ds c;ku ls olh;r ds fu"iknu dk izekf.kr gksuk ik;k tkrk gSA ge vihykFkhZx.k ds bl dFku dh olh;rdrkZ us izR;FkhZx.k ds i{k esa olh;r djus ds dkj.k dk mYys[k ugha fd;k] bl dkj.k olh;r vizkd`frd vlEHkO; gS] ls lger ugha gSA gekjh lqfopkfjr jk; esa ;g olh;r dh lR;rk ij kadk djus dk dkj.k ugha gks ldrkA ;g olh;rdrkZ dh bPNk ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd og fdlds i{k esa olh;r fu"ikfnr djsaA vihykFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr xqjn;ky dkSj ,.M vnlZ cuke djrkj dkSj ,.M vnlZ ¼lqijk½ dk U;kf;d n`"Vkar orZeku rF;ksa ls fHkUu gksus ds dkj.k ykxw ugha gksrkA 10- ge vihykFkhZ ds fo}ku~ vf/koDrk dh bl cgl ls Hkh lger ugha gS fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; esa muds vf/koDrk us No instruction plead dh D;ksafd geus Hkw izca/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] dksVk ds ;gka vihykFkhZ }kjk izLrqr vihy esa eheksa dk voyksdu fd;k ftlds iSjk la- d esa vihykFkhZx.k us fy[kk gS ^^;g fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ,oa fu.kZ; o fMØh dh lwpuk vihykaV dks fnukad 1-2-1998 dks odhy lkgsc izsepUn kqDyk ls feyh] bl ij mUgksaus fnukad 2-2-1998 dks fu.kZ; o fMØh dh udy dk vkosnu fd;k] tks fnukad 28-1-1998 dks feyh] rRipkr~ vihy bR;kfn ds [kpksZ dk izca/k ij vihykaV ;g vihy fu.kZ; o fMØh dh v; vk/kkjksa ds vykok fuEufyf[kr eq[; vk/kkjksa ij izLrqr djrs gSA** mijksDr ls Li"V gS fd vihykFkhZx.k ds }kjk fu;qDr vf/koDrk us v/khuLFk U;k;ky; esa No instruction plead ugha fd;k ,oa u gh ,slk mYys[k v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dh vknsfkdk esa gSA 11- izuxr izdj.k esa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us ,di{kh; fMØh ikfjr dh gSA fMØh ikfjr djus ls iwoZ fopkj.k U;k;ky; us ,di{kh; lk{; ys[kc) dhA ijh{k.k U;k;ky; us ,d fcUnq ij fu.kZ; ikfjr u dj iwjs ekeys dhA foospuk djrs gq, lHkh fcUnqvksa dks fuiVk fn;kA bl izdkj ijh{k.k U;k;ky; }kjk vknsk 20 fu;e 5 lhihlh dh ikyuk dh gS o fu.kZ; lhihlh ds mijksDr izko/kkuksa ds vuq:i gSA ijh{k.k U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; vihy esa myV ugha fn;k x;k gSA vihykFkhZ ds vf/koDrk ds bl dFku ls ge lger ugha gS fd izdj.k dks iqu% ijh{k.k U;k;ky; dks izfrizsf"kr fd;k tk;sA lhihlh ds vknsk 41 fu;e 23 o 23&, ds vUrxZr Hkh izdj.k dks iqu% ijh{k.k U;k;ky; dks funsZfkr djrs gq, izfrizsf"kr djus dk vknsk vokaNuh; gS D;ksafd ekeys esa fooknksa dks Li"V djrh gqbZ lHkh lk{; i=koyh ij miyC/k gS] ftls geus fopkfjr fd;kA ih- iq:"kksRre jsM~Mh cuke esllZ izrki lsYl fy- ¼6½] esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd%& ``It was a settled position of law before the 1976 Amendment that the Court in a an appropriate case could exercise its inherent jurisdiction under Section 151 CPC to order a remand if such a remand was considered pre-eminently necessary ex debito justitiae, though not covered by any specific provision of Order 41 CPC. In cases where additional evidence is required to be taken in the event of any one of the clauses of sub-rule (1) of Rule 27 being attracted, such additional evidence, oral or documentary, is allowed to be produced either before the appellate Court itself or by directing any Court subordinate to the appellate Court to receive such evidence and send it to the appellate Court. In 1976, Rule 23-A has been inserted in Order 41 which provides for a remand by an appellate Court hearing an appeal against a decree if (i) bthe Trial Court disposed of the case otherwise than on a preliminary point, and (ii) the decree is reversed in appeal and a retrial is considered necessary. On twin condidtions being satisfied, the appellate Court can exercise the same power of remand under Rule 23-A as under Rule-23. After the amendment, all the cases of wholesale remand are covered by Rules 23 and 23-A. In view of the express provisions of these Rules, the High Court cannot have recourse to its inherent powers to make a remand. It is only in exceptional cases where the Court may now exercise the power of remand dehors Rules 23 and 23-A. To wit, the superior Court, if it finds that the judgment under appeal has not disposed of the case satisfactorily in the manner required by Order 20 Rule 3 or Order 41 Rule 31 CPC and hence it is no judgment in the eye of the law, it may set aside the same and send the matter back for rewriting the judgment so as to protect valuable ribghts of the parties. An appellate Court should be circumspect in ordering a remand when the case is not covered either by Rule 23 or Rule 23-A or Rule 25 CPC. An unwarranted order of remand gives the litigation an undeserved lease of life and, therefore, must be avoided. An appellate Court should be circumspect in ordering a remand when the case is not covered either by Rule 23 or Rule 23-A or Rule 25 CPC. An unwarranted order of remand gives the litigation an undeserved lease of life and, therefore, must be avoided. 12- izFke vihy U;k;ky; us izR;sd fcUnq ij fopkj djus ds ckn fu.kZ; iznku fd;k gS] vr% ;g dguk fd izFke vihy U;k;ky; us vknsk 41 fu;e 31 lhihlh dh vogsyuk dh gS vkSj rudhokj QSlyk ugha fn;k] lgh ugha ekuk tk ldrkA vihy U;k;ky; us muds le{k tks fcUnq cgl esa mBk;s x;s] mu ij fu.kZ; iznku fd;k gSA ;fn fdlh fcUnq ij fu.kZ; ugha fn;k tkrk rks O;fDr i{k dks mlh U;k;ky; us utjlkuh izkFkZuk i= isk djuk pkfg;sA vihykFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr nythr dkSj cuke vejhckbZ ¼lqijk½] esa okfn;k dk okn fcuk rfufd;ksa dh foospuk fd;s gq; ijh{k.k U;k;ky; us fujLr dj fn;k FkkA izFke vihy U;k;ky; us ml izdj.k esa cuh 13 rufd;ksa ij fopkj u dj ,d u;k fcUnq mi[k.Mu dk o /kkjk 42 &, jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e ds mYya?ku dk cukdj QSlyk dj fn;kA bl dkj.k ;g izdj.k iqu% ijh{k.k U;k;ky; dks rudhokj fu.kZ; ds fy, izfrizsf"kr fd;k Fkk ijUrq orZeku izdj.k esa ,slh fLFkfr ugha gS bl dkj.k nythr dkSj okyk ekeyk izuxr izdj.k ds rF;ksa ls foijhr gksus ds dkj.k ykxw ugha gksrkA vkMZj 41 :y 24 esa ;g Li"V izko/kku fd;k x;k gS fd tc fjdkMZ ij iwjh kgknr gks vihy vnkyr dks esfjV ij fu.kZ; dj nsuk pkfg;sA mijksDr fu.kZ; dh iqf"V vouh dqekj ds- iVsy fo:) misUnz ¼7½] ls gksrh gSA ekuuh; lqizhe dksVZ us mijksDr dsk esa ;g fu.kZ; iznku fd;k gSA ``When the material was available before the High Court, it should have itself decided the appeal one way or other. It could have considered the various aspects of the case mentioned in the order of the Trial Court and considered whether the order of the Trial Court ought to be confirmed or reversed or modified. ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; us ghjkyky iq[kjkt ,.M vnlZ cuke izsefdku ¼8½] esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd%& ``(a) C.P.C., Order 41, Rule 31 read with Section 96-Consideration of evidence of the parties in first appeal-Held when appellate Court agree with the view of Trial Court on evidence it need not restate effect of evidence or reiterate reason given by the Trial Court. ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us ,e uMkj dsoj uMkj cuke ukjk;.k uMkj dqatu uMkj ¼9½] esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd%& ``Civil Procedure Code, 1908-Section 100-High Courts interference with concurrent findings of fact in second appeal when not justified-Both Trial Court and first appellate Court coming to a definite conclusion on the basis of evidence on record that respondents had failed to establish by positive evidence that their possession of the disputed property was hostile to the real owner and in denial of his title and thus they failed to prove that they perfected their title by adverse possession-Thus respondents failed to discharge the burden of proof which was on them-Held, even if the concurrent finding of fact was wrong, High Court erred in disturbing the same when it had not found that the same was not perverse nor was based on no evidence. 13- mijksDr fof/kd fLFkfr ds ifjizs{; esa nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa us lgh :i ls leorhZiw.kZ fu"d"kksZ ds vk/kkj ij oknh@izR;FkhZx.k dk okn fMØh fd;k gS ftlesa f}rh; vihy ds Lrj ij gLr{ksi dh vko;drk ugha gSA 14- ifj.kker% vihy vihykFkhZ lkjghu gksus ls [kkfjt dh tkrh gS rFkk Hkw izca/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] dksVk dk fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 31-8-1999 ¼izdj.k la- 57@98½ ,oa mi ftyk dysDVj] ckjka ds fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 6-1-1998 ¼izdj.k la- 302@89½ dh iqf"V dh tkrh gSA 15- fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA