Judgment Jh Ñ".k dqekj vkpk;Z, U;k;kf/kifr-/kkjk 482 n.M izfØ;k lar mä nksuksa ;kfpdkvksa fgrk ds rgr izLrqdks eSaa ,d gh vknsk ls fuLrkfjr d:xk A nksuksa fofo/k ;kfpdkvksa ds }kjk fnukad 17-03-2005 dks v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk izdj.k la[;k 153@2001 o nwljk izdj.k 151@2001 kkjk 138 ijØkE; fy[kr v f/kfu;e ds rgr Fks] ZvfHk;ä dkkhjke }kjk nksuksa gh izdj.kks a esa /kkjk 45 lifBr /kkjk 73 lk{; vf/kfu;e ds rgr izuk&i= izLrqa gh izkFkZr fd, Fks] tks nksuksuk&i= dk ,d gh vknsk ls v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk fuLrkfjr fd, x, vkSj nksuksa gh izqkFkZuk&i= vfHk;ä ds Lohdkj fd, x, A pwafd] ,d gh vknsk ls v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk nksuksa IkzkFkZuk&i= dk fuLrkj.k fd;k x;k gS blfy, mä nksuksa fofo/k ;kfpdk,a ,d gh vknsk ls fu.khZr k gksus ij vfHk;ä dkkhjke o jkT; ljdkj dks uksfVl tkjh dh tk jgh gSA eqLrxhl }kjk ;kfpdk,a isqfd, x, ftudh vksj ls vfHkHkk"kd mifLFkr vk,A xzg.kkFkZ izØe ij nksuksa i{kksa dh cgl lquh xbZ vkSj ;kfpdkvksa dks fuLrkfjr fd;k tk jgk gSA 2-eYywjke okys izdj.k esa tks izkFkZuk&i= vfHk;ä dkkhjke dh vksj ls v/khuLFk U;k;ky; esa fnukad r fd;k mles 15-02-2005 dks tks izkFkZuk&i= izLrqa vafdr rF; bl izdkj gSa fd ;g i=koyh lk{; lQkbZ esa fu;r dh xbZ gSaA ifjoknh us vius ifjokn esa o vius xokgksa dh lk{; esa ;g dgk gS fd mä psd dkkhjke us tkjh djds fn;k gS] tcfd vfHk;ä dkkhjke us ;g dgk gS fd tks psd mä ifjokn esa isk fd;k x;k gS og psd QthZ gS] tks ifjoknh us vkijkf /kd uh;r ls vizkFkhZ dkkhjke dks uqdlku igqapkus j ij Hkjdj vuknfjr djok, o >Bk eqdnek isds vkk; ls QthZ rkSwk fd;k gSA vr% og psd ij fy[kh bckjr dh tkap gLrys[k foks"kK ls tkap djokuk pkgrk gS rkfd vnkyr ds le{k bl lEcU/k esa lgh qfLFkfr izdV gks ldsA psd vfHk;ä dkkhjke }kjk Loa; dh gLrfyfi ls tkjh fd;k gqvk ugha gS] cfYd eYywjke }kjk QtZdkjh djds isk fd;k gS blfy, psd dh tkap gLrys[k foks"kK ls djokbZ tkuh pkfg,] tks Hkh [kpkZ gksxk og nsus dks rS;kj gSA 3-blh izdkj jktkjke okys izdj.k esa Hkh blh izdkj dk izkFkZuk&i= isk fd;k x;k fd i=koyh lk{; lQkbZ gsrq eqdjZj gSA ifjoknh ,oa xokg fnusk dqekj us viuh eq[; ijh{kk esa ;g cryk;k gS fd qpsd tSj cgl dkkhjke us Hkjdj fn;k gS A tcfd psd QthZ gS vkSj vfHk;ä }kjk ugha Hkjk x;k gS vkSj quk gh tkjh fd;k x;k gSA vfHk;ä bl egRoiw.kZ rF; dks lkfcr djokus gsrq psd ij fy[kh bckjr dh tkap gLrys[k foks"kK ls djkuk pkgrk gS rkfd U;k;ky; ds le{k lgh fLFkfr izdV gks ldsA psd ij fy[kh xbZ bckjr dh tkap gLrys[k foks"kK ls djokbZ tkos] tks Hkh [kpkZ gksxk] og nsus dks rS;kj gSA 4-jktkjke us izkFkZuk&i= dk tokc Hkh isk fd;k vkSj ;g dgk fd ifjoknh }kjk nh xbZ lk{; ds [k.Mu esqfir psd QthZ gS vkSj vfHk;ä }kjk ugha Hkjk a vfHk;ä dks viuk cpko lkfcr djuk gS fd vk{ksqx;k vkSj u gh tkjh fd;k x;k] vr% foks"kK dh jk; lqlaxr ugha gSA ;g Hkh crk;k fd lk{kh us D;k xrk ij fuHkZdgk] ;g lk{; dh lalqj djsxkA bldk [k.Mu ,DliVZ lk{; ls ugha djk;k tk ldrk A ifjoknh dks mldh lk{; ls ftjg dk iw.kZ volj feyk Fkk vkSj tgka vU; lk{; miyC/k gks] foks"kK ls tkap dh lqlaxrrk ugha gks ldrhA ifjoknh us viuh dfe;ksa dks nwj djus ds fy, ,DliVZ dh lk{; isk djuk pkgrk gS tks Loh-fr ugha nh tkosA 5-v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us nksuksa i{kksa dh cgl lquus ds ckn vkSj fofHkUu fofup;] tks muds le{k ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; vkSj fofHkUu mPp U;k;ky;kas ds izLrqr gq,] ij fopkj djus ds ckn gLrys[k foks"kK ls tkap djkus dk vknsk fn;k] ftlds fo#) ;g ;kfpdk izLrqr gqbZ gSA 6-;kfpdk esa nksuksa i{kksa dh cgl lquh xbZ] i=koyh dk voyksdu fd;k o fopkj fd;kA 7-;ksX; vfHkHkk"kd ;kphx.k dk rdZ jgk fd izdj.k dks ek= nsjh uk djus ds fy, ;g xyr izkFkZuk&i= v/khuLFk U;k;ky; easfn;k x;k FkkA uksfVl ds tokc esa psd ds QthZ gksus dh ckr ugha crkbZ su ,lk dksbZ izu eqLrxhl ds xokgksa ls gh iwNk vkSj mlds }kjk gLrk{kj fd;k tkuk eatwj gSA bl izdkj vc ,DliVZ dh tkap] tks cjh;r esa djkus dh Loh-fr nh xbZ gS] U;kf;d izfØ;k dk guu gSA vfHk;qä ds c;ku gks pqds gSa vkSj cjh;r esa lk{; vk pqdh gS vkSj vfUre LVst ij izdj.k dks yEck djus ds fy, ;g izkFkZuk&i= fn;k gSA ;ksX; vfHkHkk"kd ;kphx.k dk ;g Hkh rdZ jgk fd ifjoknh us tks lk{; nh gS mlds [k.Mu esa foks"kK lk{; lqlaxr ugha gS] nksuksa i{kksa dh lk{; ls gh ;g izu r; fd;k tk ldrk gSA eqLrxhl }kjk tks lk{; isk dh xbZ gS] iw.kZ ftjg dk volj mudks fn;k x;k gSA bl iz dkj bl LVst ij foks"kK jk; fdlh izdkj lqlaxr ugha gSA psd pksjh gksus dk tgka rd izu gS] bldh izFke lwpuk tks w ntZ djkbZ xbZ Fkh] ml izdj.k dks >Bk ik;k tkdj ,Q-vkj Hkh iqfyl }kjk nh xbZ FkhA bl izdkj pksjh dk dFku Hkh ekuus ;ksa 1996 fØ-ykW-t 3099] X; ugha gSA ;kphx.k dh vksj ls vius rdZ leFkZu esij vk, fofup; isk fd;k vkSj nks mudh vksj Hkh ;ku vkdf "kZr fd;k vkSj rdZ fd;k fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk tks k fn;k x;k gS] U;kf ;d izfØ;k dk nq:i;ksx gS] vr% mls vikLr fd;k tkosA 8-blds foijhr ;kX; vfHkHkk"kd v;kphx.k dh vksj ls cgl jgh fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk reke dkuwuh fLFkfr ds voyksdu ds ckn vkSj izdj.k ds rF;kas dks ns[kus ds ckn tks vknsa dksbZ fn;k gS blesgLr{ksf ;d izfØ;k dk guu gqvk gSA cjh;r dh i ds vk/kkj ugha gS u gh bl vknsk ls fdlh izdkj ls U;kLVst ij tc cpko dh lk{; py jgh Fkh] fokIskK ls psd dh fy[kkoV ij gLrys[k foks"kK ls tkap djkus ckcr izkFkZuk&i= isk fd;k x;k FkkA ;ksX; vfHkHkk"kd v;kphx.k dh ;g cgl jgh fd psd pksjh gks x, Fks vkSa isk djokdj vuknfjr djok;k x;k vkSj QthZ psd Hkjdj cSad esj >Bk ifjokn isk fd;k x;k gS] bUgh vk/kkj ij tkap gLrys[k foks"kK dh djokuk pkgrk gSA vfHk;ä dks viuk cpko isk djus qA v/khuLFk dk vf /kdkj gS vkSj vfHk;ä vius cpko eas foks"kK dh jk; ls Hkh [kf.Mr dj ldrk gSU;k;ky; }kjk lk{; ds voyksdu ds ckn ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ,oa mPp U;k;ky; ds fofup;kas ds vk/kkj ij foks"kK ls tkap djkus dk vknsk fn;k gaS] blesa gLr{ksX; vfHkHkk"kd ugha fd;k tkosA ;ksv;kphx.k us vius rdZ leFkZu eas,- vkbZ- vkj- 1979 lqizhe dksVZ 14] ij vk, fofup; isk fd;k 9-eSaus nksuksa i{kksa ds rdksZ ij fopkj fd;kA nksuksa gh izdj.kksa ds voyksdu ls ;g LFkfr Li"V gS fd jktkjke vkSj eYywjke ÅQZ euhjke }kjk vfHk;ä dkkhjke ds fo#) /kkjk 138 ijØkE; fy[kr vf/kfu;e qds rgr bLrxklk isk fd;k FkkA jktkjke }kjk izLrqr bLrxklk ds voyksdu ls ik;k tkrk gS fd 9]04]000@& dk psd dkkhjke }kjk fn;k x;k ftls LVsj ,.M t;iqV cSad vkWQ chdkusj easyxk;k vkSj og psd la[;k 256864 vuknfjr gksdj okil izkIr gqvk] bl ij ;g bLrxklk isk gqvk gSA 10-blh izdkj eYywjke okys izdj.k esa 5]00]000@& dk psd vfHk;ä dkkhjke }kjk fn;k x;k gS vkSj og Hkh vuknfjr gksdj izkIr gksus ij /kkjk 138 ijØkE; fy[kr vf /kfu;e ds rgr izlaKku fy;k x;kA a 11-nksuksa gh izdj.kkstu lk{; gks pqdh gS vkSj c;ku eqfYte Hkh fy, tk pqds gSa vkSj nksuksa izdj.k cjh;r dh LVst ij py jgs Fks ml le; /kkjk 45 o /kkjk 73 lk{; vf /kfu;e ds rgr isk fd, x,] tks fnukad 15-02-2005 dks isk gq,A bu izkFkZuk&i= eas;g vafdr fd;k x;k fd ifjoknh o ifjoknh dh lk{; us viuh eq[; ijh{kk esa crk;k fd psd tSj cgl dkkhjke us Hkjdj fn;k] tcfd psd QthZ gS qqvkSj vfHk;ä }kjk ugha Hkjs x, vkSj u gh tkjh fd, x,A vfHk;ä bl egRoiw.kZ rF; dks lkfcr djkus gsrq psd ij fy[kh bckjr dh tkap gLrys[k foks"kK ls djokuk pkgrk gS rkfd vnkyr okyk ds le{k lgh fLFkfr izdV gks ldsA ftldk tokc ifjoknh dh vksj ls izLrqr fd;k x;k ftlesa tkfgj fd;k x;k fd foks"kK fd jk; laxr ugha gS vkSt ij foks"kK dh jk; ugha yh tkosA izjh uk lqj bl LVsdj.k dks nsdjus ,oa U;kf ;d izfØ;k dk nq:i;ksx djus ds fy, izkFkZuk&i= isk fd;k x;k gSA 12-nksuksa i{kksa dks lquus ds ckn v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us mä izkFkZuk&i= Lohdkj fd,A 13-esjs }kjk v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds vknsk dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA tks fofup; ;ksX; vfHkHkk"kd i{kdkjku us izLrqr fd, mudk esjs }kjk vknj iwoZd voyksdu fd;k x;kA X; vfHkHkk"kd ;kphx.k }kjk ;ksLrqr fofup; ¼mijksä½ okysjk psd tkjh dju s Hkjuk vko;d ugha gS] psd tkjh djus okys ds gLrk{kj gksuk gh dkQh gSA bl izdkj ;k s;kphx.k dk ;g rdZ jgk fd bl izdj.k esa psd ij gLrk{kj djus ds rF;kas dks udkjk ugha x;k gS] vr% s"kK ls psd dh bckjr ds ckjs esa tkap djkuk vko;d ugha gSA mä fofup; dk esjs }kjk vknj iwoZd voyksdu fd;k x;kA 15-blh izdkj ;ksX; vfHkHkk"kd v;kph }kjk izLrqr fofup; ¼mijksä½ okys izdj.k dk Hkh esjs }kjk vknj iowZ32 esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk fuEu fl)kUr fn;k gS % “32. Since, even where proof of hand writing which is in nature comparision, exists, a duty is cast on the Court to use its own eyes and mind to compare the admitted writing with the disputed one to verify and reach its own conclusion, it will not be wrong to say that when a Court seized of a case, directs an accused person present before it to write down a sample writing, such direction in the ultimate analysis, “is for the purpose of enabling the Court to compare” the writing so written with the writing alleged to have been written by such person, within the contemplation of Section 73. That is to say, the words “for rison with the alleged writing of the accused, by a handwriting expert cited as a witness by any of the parties. That is to say, the words “for rison with the alleged writing of the accused, by a handwriting expert cited as a witness by any of the parties. Even where no such expert witness is cited or examined by either party, the Court may, if it thinks necessary for the ends of justice, on its own motion, call an expert witness, allow him to compare the sample writing with the alleged writing and thus give his expert assistance to enable the Court to compare the two writings and arrive at a proper conclusion.” 16-ejss }kjk mijksä fofup;ksa dk vknj iwoZd voyksdu fd;k x;kA 17 tgka rd eYywjke mQZ euhjke okys izdj.k dk izu gS] v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us euhjke] jkeflag o jktkjke ds c;kuksa dk voyksdu fd;kA vfHk;ä ds c;ku o lk{; lQkbZ ds xokgksa ds c;kuksa dk Hkh qvoyksdu fd;k vkSj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; bl urhts ij vk;k fd dkkhjke }kjk iwjs psd dks Hkjdj nsus dh dksbZ Li"V lk{; isk ugha dh xbZ gS vkSqj vfHk;ä dkkhjke ds }kjk gh psd dks Hkjk tkdj tkjh fd, a dk fudyrs gks tkus dh ifjfLFkfr;ksus dh lEHkkoukvksa ds n`f"Vxr lansgtud lk{; ds ifjis{; easpsd dh tkap foks"kK ls djk;k tkuk vko;d le>k x;k vkSj vHkh vfHk;ä dh cpko lk{; Hkh lekIr ugha gqbZ qgS] U;k;fgr easvfHk;ä dks fooknxzLr fcUnq ij cpko djus dk volj fn;k tkuk mijksä fofup;] tks v/khuLFk U;k;ky; esa izLrqr gq, vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks ns[krs gq, vknsk fn;k x;k FkkA 18-blh izdkj jktkjke okys izdj.k esa Hkh v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk jktkjke o fnusk dqekj ds c;kuksa ds voyksdu ds ckn o vfHk;ä ds c;kuksa ds voyksdu ds ckn vkSj vHkh cpko lk{; lekIr ugha gqbZ Fkh fofup;kas ds voyksdu ds ckn v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk jktkjke okys izdj.k esa Hkh fofup; ls tkap djkus dk vknsk fn;k gSA 19-esjs }kjk vOoy esa eYywjke mQZ euhjke okys izdj.k ds jsdMZ dk voyksdu fd;k x;k] tks i{kdkjksa }kjk izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA eYywjke mQZ euhjke okys izdj.k esa esjs }kjk euhjke ds c;kuksa dk voyksdu fd;k x;k] ftlus c;ku fn;k gS fd psd iznkZ ih-5 gS] ftl ij , ls ch gLrk{kj dkkhjke ds gSaA dkkhjke dks uksfVl Hkh fn;k FkkA bl ckr ls blus bUdkj fd;k fd psd pksjh gks x;k gks vkSj mlds ckn esa isk fd;k gksA pksdj.k esa psd ij mlus dkkhjke ds gLrk{kj djds cSad esjh okys iza iqfyl us tw,Q-vkj yxkbZ Fkh] exj ,Q-vkj-vHkh eaj gbqZ vFkok ugha] mls irk ughaA bl ckr ls budkj fd;k fd dkkhjke dh psd cqd pksjh djds QthZ gLrk{kj dkkhjke ds djds psd tkjh fd;k gksA 20-blh izdkj jkeflag ds c;ku Hkh bl lEcU/k esa gq, gSa fd iapk;r gqbZ Fkh] blds ckn iznkZ ih- 5 psd fn;k ftl ij , ls ch gLrk{kj dkkhjke ds gSa tks mlus mlds lkeus fd,] tks psd tkdj mUgksaus euhjke dks ns fn;k A tcfd ftjg easmlus Li"V :i ls dgk gS fd psd gekjs lkeus dkVdj gekjs lkeus vius gLrk{kj djds gesa fn;k FkkA psd QthZ cuk;k x;k gks] bl ckr ls budkj djrk gSA 21-jktkjke ds Hkh bl laca/k esa c;ku gq, gSaA mldk dFku gS fd iznkZ ih- 5 psd dkkhjke us fn;k vkSj ml ij , ls ch mlds gLrk{kj gSaA exj ftjg esa mldk dFku jgk fd psd dkkhjke us mlds lkeus Hkjdj fn;k FkkA bl izdkj cpko lk{; isk gqbZ gSA vfHk;ä ds Hkh c;ku crkSj cjh;r djk, x, gSa qj izftlus iznkZ ih- 5 dk Hkkx lh ls Mh] bZ ls ,Q] th ls ,p] vkbZ ls ts mldk dyeh ugha gS] vkSnkZ ih-5 QthZ :i ls rS;kj fd;k x;k gS] c;ku fn, gSaA ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- psd pksjh dh Hkh ntZ djkbZ xbZ Fkh ftldh iqfyl }kjk ,Q-vkj- nh xbZ] tks U;k;ky; }kjk Lohdkj Hkh dj yh xbZ gS] ;g mlus Lohdkj fd;k gSA iznkZ ih- 5 psd ij , ls ch vius gLrk{kj gksuk vo; Lohdkj fd;k gS exj fy[kkoV ls Hkh psd pksjh gksus ds rF; fy[ks x, Fks vkSeqfYte us budkjh dh gSA uksfVl ds tokc esj QthZ psd gksuk crk;k x;k FkkA pksjh ds ekeys easvo; ,Q-vkj- nh xbZ gS exj bl izdj.k esa tks lk{; jsdMZ ij vkbZ gS] eYywjke ds lkeus psd Hkjk x;k gks] Li"V ugha gksrkA jkefla g ds c;ku ls Li"V gS fd psd tks vfHk;ä us fn;k og mlus tkdj euhjke dks fn;k Fkk vkSj psd iwqjk dkVdj gLrk{kj djds fn;k x;k FkkA blh izdkj jktkjke dk Hkh dFku gS fd dkkhjke us psd mlds lkeus iwjk Hkjdj fn;k FkkA vfHk;äqus psd ij gLrk{kj gksuk vo; Lohdkj fd;k gS] exj bldh bckjr ls budkjh dh gSA vHkh cjh;r dh lk{; py jgh gSA ;ksX; vfHkHkk"kd ;kphx.k }kjk xqtjkr mPp U;k;ky; dk tks fofup; isk fd;k x;k gS ftlesa ;g fl)kUr fn;k x;k gS fd iwjk psd] psd tkjh djus okys O;fä }kjk Hkjuk vko;d ugha gS mlds gLrk{kj gh lkfcr djuk dkQh gSA exj ;g vfUre LVst ij gh r; fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl izdkj bl izdj.k esa vfHk;kstu i{k dh lk{; }kjk iwjk psd Hkjdj nsus dh ckr crkbZ xbZ gS