SWATANTER KUMAR, J. ( 1 ) THIS bunch of writ petitions clearly demonstrate the unfair results of, delay in administrative actions as well as inordinate delay in dispensation of justice. Proper administration of justice imposes an obligation upon the courts to expeditiously deal with the cases so that a party to a lis entitled to the relief in accordance with law, should be able to enjoy the fruits of favourable order or decree, may it be a private party or the State. Administration of justice requires all the organs of the State including judiciary to ensure speedy justice, as long delays can more than often lead to divergent views and thus create multiplicity of litigation. The principle of consistency and judicial discipline can be effectively adhered to, provided there is proper court management by the Registry, the parties to the lis take such administrative measures and extend full cooperation to the Court by giving complete list of cases based on similar facts, where common question of law and fact arise for consideration, from the same notifications. Non-cooperation by the petitioners and the careless attitude of the State has primarily led to state of affairs as are exhibited by these cases where notification by the Delhi Administration were issued in the year 1980 and some of the writ petitions await their final disposal even as of today. During this interregnum period various judgments in the connected cases or somewhat similar cases have been pronounced, which to some extent, took divergent views and rendering the determination of the matters in issue in the present writ petition more complex. In this background, it is necessary for us not only to refer the facts giving rise to the present petition but the judicial pronouncements by the supreme Court and this Court, in matters arising from the same notifications and in regard to the same villages. ( 2 ) BY this judgment, I would dispose of abovereferred 81 writ petitions as they arise from the same notification and the facts and grounds pleaded in the writ petitions are similar. However, for the purpose of brevity, I would be referring to the facts and grounds taken in the cases of Smt. Chatro Devi Vs. Union of India and Ors. CW 424/1987 and Rati Ram Vs. Union of India and Ors. However, for the purpose of brevity, I would be referring to the facts and grounds taken in the cases of Smt. Chatro Devi Vs. Union of India and Ors. CW 424/1987 and Rati Ram Vs. Union of India and Ors. CW No. 1941/1985, as with the consent of parties appearing in all these petitions, they were taken as lead cases. ( 3 ) SMT. CHATRO Devi, claimed to be owner of land measuring 0 bigha 4 biswas out of khasra No. 1676/1, 0 bigha 12 biswas out of khasra No. 1676/2, 0 bigha 12 biswa out of khasra No. 1676/3, 0 bigha 4 biswas out of khasra No. 1676/4, 0 bigha 12 biswas out of khasra Nos. 1676/5, 0 bigha 12 biswas out of khasra no. 1676/6, 4 bigha 7 biswas out of khasra No. 1669min, 4 bigha 16 biswas out of khasra No. 1670, 4 bigha 16 biswas out of khasra No. 1671, 4 bigha 16 biswas out of khasra No. 1677, 4 bigha 16 biswas out of khasra No. 1678 and 1 bigha 3 biswas out of khasra No. 1679 total measuring 27 bigha 10 biswas in the revenue estate of Village Chhattarpur, tehsil Mehrauli, New Delhi. According to the petitioner, it was an agricultural land and she had been in actual physical cultivatory possession of the same for the last more than 25 years even till the filing of the petition in the year 1987. The Land and building Department of Delhi Administration issued a notification under section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act (hereinafter referred to as `the Act ) bearing No. F. 9 (16)/80- landb dated 25th November, 1980 stating that the entire land in the revenue estate of villages Chattarpur, Satbari, Maidangarhi, Shayoorpur and Rajpur Khurd was intended to be acquired by the Government at public expense and for a public purpose namely `planned Development of Delhi . The lands which were excluded from the acquisition were specifically mentioned in the notification itself. There is no averment, in this petition whether the petitioner filed an objection before the Collector in terms of section 5-A of the Act. A declaration under section 6 of the Act was published by the respondents on 7th June, 1985 being No. F. 9 (26)/85-Landb making a reference to the previous notification dated 25th November, 1980 and acquiring 7142. There is no averment, in this petition whether the petitioner filed an objection before the Collector in terms of section 5-A of the Act. A declaration under section 6 of the Act was published by the respondents on 7th June, 1985 being No. F. 9 (26)/85-Landb making a reference to the previous notification dated 25th November, 1980 and acquiring 7142. 80 acres of land in Village Chhattarpur, details of which were duly mentioned in the said notification. According to the petitioners, they were not aware about the publication of the said declaration and came to know of the said declaration as well as the acquisition of their lands when they received notices under section 9 (1) of the Act directing them to appear either personally or through counsel to file claims/recording measurement/title of the land and for compliance of the proceedings under section 10 (1) of the Act. These notices are stated to have been received by the petitioners somewhere in the year 1987 and whereafter the present petitioner filed this writ petition in February, 1987 itself. On 17th February, 1987, Division Bench of this court passed the following orders in that writ petition :- present : Mr. D. K. Goel for the petitioner. CW No. 424/87 rule. CM No. 709/87 notice to the respondents for 26th March, 1987. Dispossession of the petitioner is stayed in the meanwhile. Sd/-Yogeshwar Dayal,j. February 17, 1987. Sd/pmahinder Narain,j. ( 4 ) IN this writ petition, the petitioner challenges both the notifications issued by the respondents under sections 4 as well as 6 dated 25th May, 1980 and 7th june, 1985 respectively and also prays that the respondents should be restrained from taking any proceedings in furtherance to the notices issued under sections 9 and 10 of the Act. The grounds of challenge primarily are that the declaration under section 6 has been issued beyond the period of three years from the date of notification under section 4 and as such the notification has lapsed and the declaration under section 6 having been published beyond the prescribed period, is inconsequential, and does not affect the right of the petitioner. Further it is the contention that no report as contemplated under section 5-A of the Act has been submitted to the authorities concerned, thus, the very issuance of the declaration under section 6 is invalid. Further it is the contention that no report as contemplated under section 5-A of the Act has been submitted to the authorities concerned, thus, the very issuance of the declaration under section 6 is invalid. In the writ petition, petitioner also raised a plea that the declaration under section 6 has been issued arbitrarily and without considering the relevant provisions of law. No other ground has been pleaded in this writ petition and even number of other connected writ petitions like the present petition. ( 5 ) IN the case of Rati Ram (CWP 1941/85) - petitioner, Rati Ram alongwith raj Birbal had approached the Court under Article 226 of the Constitution of India praying only for quashing of the notification dated 6th June, 1985 issued under section 6 of the Act as above noted and had further prayed that the respondents should be restrained from taking any further action in furtherance to the notification issued under section 4 dated 25. 11. 80 in regard to the lands belonging to the petitioners. Their case is that they are owners of the land measuring about 24 bighas and 12 biswas situated in the revenue estate of Village Deoli, Tehsil Mehrauli, New Delhi. They claimed to be in cultivatory possession as owners of the land which is agricultural land for considerable period. Vide notification dated 5th November, 1980 issued under section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act, the village of the petitioners was one of the villages of which the entire land in the revenue estate of that village was sought to be acquired. It has been vaguely averred in this petition that petitioners had filed objections, but no details thereof have been stated in the petition. According to these petitioners, notification under section 4 of the Land Acquisition act had been challenged in various writ petitions before this Court where interim stay was granted. Interim orders were also granted in favour of the petitioners in CW 426/81, Munni Lal Etc Vs. Lt. Governor and Ors. which was finally disposed of and the writ petitions were dismissed, thus the validity of notification under section 4 was upheld by the court. It is averred by these petitioners that they have not filed any such petition challenging the notification dated 5. 11. 80. Lt. Governor and Ors. which was finally disposed of and the writ petitions were dismissed, thus the validity of notification under section 4 was upheld by the court. It is averred by these petitioners that they have not filed any such petition challenging the notification dated 5. 11. 80. The respondents began to issue notices under section 5a of the Act intimating the date of hearing on receipt of which various writ petitions were again filed challenging the notification under section 4. These proceedings were being taken despite the fact that the period of three years for issuance of declaration under section 6 had already lapsed. This is specifically pleaded in this writ petition and some of the connected writ petitions that again certain persons had filed writ petitions challenging the notification issued by the respondents under section 4 of the Act. Before issuance of declaration under section 6, some writ petitions were filed again by some of the petitioners, but one of such petitions being CW 199/84 titled Pt. Jai Ram Singh Vs. Union of India, which was dismissed by a Division Bench of this Court on 5th March, 1985 holding that the petitions were premature. The order reads as under :- the next point that learned counsel for the petitioner urged was that stay order in muni Lal s case and other similar cases cannot operate in rem and must be regarded as operating only in personam. Therefore, there was nothing to prevent the appropriate government from proceeding with the acquisition within three years of the land of the petitioner. We are not required, at this stage, to answer whether the stay orders in various cases operated in personam or in rem. That question may be relevant in an individual case and where if the declaration under Section 6 is made or the petitioner is sought to be deprived of the possession of his land. The answer to this query will depend upon diverse circumstances. We have no material at the moment before us to adjudge this question in the abstract. The result is that we find that the petition is pre-mature and the petitioner cannot be allowed to stultify Administrative Action in fear of something which may or may not be done. The answer to this query will depend upon diverse circumstances. We have no material at the moment before us to adjudge this question in the abstract. The result is that we find that the petition is pre-mature and the petitioner cannot be allowed to stultify Administrative Action in fear of something which may or may not be done. ( 6 ) AS already noticed, on 6th June, 1985 a declaration under section 6 was published in continuation to the notification issued under section 4 of the Act. The petitioners question the validity of this notification in this writ petition, primarily on the ground that the declaration had been made after the expiry of three years from the date of notification issued under section 4 of the Act. The main emphasis of the petitioners was that the misunderstanding of any law or facts by the respondents cannot be treated as a valid explanation for excluding the period under the provisions of section 6, and the declaration under section 6 is liable to be quashed. Resultantly, or even otherwise the notification under section 4 of the Act would automatically lapse. ( 7 ) I may notice here that no counter-affidavit was filed by the Government in any of these writ petitions for all these years. Vide our orders dated 6th January, 2005, we had granted last opportunity to the respondents to file counter-affidavit before the next date of hearing. A short counter affidavit dated 12th January, 2005 was filed on behalf of the respondents and thereafter another additional affidavit was filed in regard to non-availability of records which we had allowed to be taken on record. ( 8 ) THE stand of the respondents which has been taken in these affidavits is that the notification dated 25. 11. 80 was issued for acquisition of 50,000 bighas of land in various revenue estates of different villages. The lands were acquired for public purpose, namely, planned Development of Delhi . The notification issued under section 4 was upheld by the Court in the case of Munni Lal and Ors Vs. Lt. Governor of Delhi ILR 1984 (1) 289 vide judgment dated 15th November, 1983. The lands were acquired for public purpose, namely, planned Development of Delhi . The notification issued under section 4 was upheld by the Court in the case of Munni Lal and Ors Vs. Lt. Governor of Delhi ILR 1984 (1) 289 vide judgment dated 15th November, 1983. The declaration under section 6 of the Act could not be issued within a period of three years as the Department treated the stay order granted by the Court in relation to the same acquisition in some of the cases, as an order of stay in rem and there was a bonafide delay in issuing the said declaration under section 6 of the Act. This was accepted by a Full Bench of this Court in the case of Balak Ram Gupta Vs. Union of india AIR 1987 Delhi 239 (FB) which was also upheld by the Supreme Court in the case of Abhey Ram Vs. Union of India 1997 (5) SCC 421 . It is conceded that a division Bench of this Court in another case titled as Balak Ram Gupta Vs. Union of india CW 1639/1985 reported as 38 (1999) Delhi Law Times 243 (DB) had quashed the notification under section 4 to the extent of the petitioners in that case and the present writ petitions were an abuse of the process of law as in the meanwhile vide award No. 15/87-88, the Collector had even awarded the compensation to the owners and possession had been taken, free from all encumbrances in terms of section 15 of the Act. According to the respondents, objections were filed in relation to different villages and duly considered by the competent authorities and the report under section 5-A of the Act was filed, which was considered before issuance of a declaration under section 6 of the Act and in accordance with law. ( 9 ) CHATRO Devi is stated to have received a notice and in fact appeared through her husband before the Collector on 19. 2. 81 and even on subsequent date, but on the adjourned dated i. e. 12th March, 1981, she did not appear. However, her objections were considered and report prepared in accordance with the prescribed procedure. ( 9 ) CHATRO Devi is stated to have received a notice and in fact appeared through her husband before the Collector on 19. 2. 81 and even on subsequent date, but on the adjourned dated i. e. 12th March, 1981, she did not appear. However, her objections were considered and report prepared in accordance with the prescribed procedure. The respondents also contend that the judgment of the Division Bench in balak Ram Gupta s case (supra) was not accepted to be a good law by the Supreme court in Abhey Ram s case as well as in Delhi Administration Vs. Gurdeep Singh uban and Ors, JT 1999 (9) SC 223. The respondents also stated that in Gurdeep singh s case, petitioners therein had filed a review petition taking up all the pleas which was dismissed by the Supreme Court with the same title and reported as 2000 (7) SCC 296 . In the additional affidavit, it has been specifically stated that objections under section 5-A were received and after hearing the objectors, the Land acquisition Collector made his report as provided under section 5-A Sub-Clause (ii) of the Act and the Lt. Governor after perusing the report of the Land Acquisition collector and satisfying himself from the record, accorded approval to the declaration under section 6 of the Act. During the hearing of Balak Ram Gupta s case, it is stated that Court had called for all the records and the same were produced. Alongwith this affidavit, respondents have filed report of the Land Acquisition collector in relation to Village Deoli, Khanpur, Satbari, Naib Sarai, Tughlakabad, rajpur Khurd, Khirki, Said-ul-Ajaib. It is also stated that a report under section 5-A in relation to Chhattarpur was filed in the case of Balak Ram Gupta, a copy whereof was produced before the Court during the course of hearing. According to the respondents thus there is no occasion for the petitioners to challenge the validity of acquisition, acquisition proceedings and issuance of declaration under section 6 of the act on any ground whatsoever, and they pray for dismissal of the writ petitions. ( 10 ) BEFORE I proceed to examine various aspect of these writ petitions in light of the pleadings and submissions of the parties as afore-referred, it will be helpful to clarify certain ancillary issues arising in the present writ petitions. ( 10 ) BEFORE I proceed to examine various aspect of these writ petitions in light of the pleadings and submissions of the parties as afore-referred, it will be helpful to clarify certain ancillary issues arising in the present writ petitions. No doubt that petitioners have not taken many of the grounds in the writ petitions which were urged before the Court during the course of hearing. The thrust of the writ petitions is mainly on the setting aside of the declaration under section 6 of the Act on the ground that it was published beyond the prescribed period of three years. Despite the fact that there is no specific pleading in the writ petition, the petitioners also contended the grounds of non-consideration, improper consideration and violation of natural justice in relation to the conduct of inquiry and their objections under section 5-A of the Act. The acquisition proceedings relate to the year 1980 and were pending before the Court. Thus, it was felt during the course of hearing that petitioners may be granted liberty to address the arguments, but without prejudice to the objections of the respondents, that no such pleadings has been raised in the writ petition. The records were produced before the Court. ( 11 ) THERE are two notifications issued on 25th November, 1980 by the administration. One notification No. F. 9 (16)/80-Landb relate to five villages as referred above while the other notification No. F. 9 (26)/85-Landb was issued in regard to entire land in the revenue estate of Villages Tughlakhabad, Tigri, Deoli, Khanpur, said-ul-Ajaib, Naib Sarai, Hauz Rani and Khirki. The petitioners in the writ petitions before the Court have lands in these villages in some of the writ petitions. The petitioners have not challenged the validity, correctness or otherwise of the notification issued under section 4 of the Act and have only challenged the declaration issued by the State under Section 6 of the Act, that too on the limited grounds afore-referred. While in other writ petitions, petitioners have challenged both the notifications issued under sections 4 and 6 of the Act, though again on limited grounds and no reference has been made to the proceedings taken by the respondents for compliance of provisions of section 5-A of the Act. While in other writ petitions, petitioners have challenged both the notifications issued under sections 4 and 6 of the Act, though again on limited grounds and no reference has been made to the proceedings taken by the respondents for compliance of provisions of section 5-A of the Act. I may also notice here that in some of the writ petitions, there is no averment that the petitioners had filed objections under section 5-A while in some of the other writ petitions there is an averment to the effect that objections under section 5-A were filed, but no particulars thereof have been given. The respondents even admit in their counter- affidavit and the records produced before the Court that objections were received from some owners of the land in various villages and reports under section 5-A of the act had been submitted to the Competent Authority for consideration and orders. It also cannot be disputed and bare perusal of the objections as well as report under section 5-A of the Act shows that the objections raised by various persons including some of the petitioners are of general nature. They relate to challenge to notification under section 4 on the ground that Planned Development of Delhi is no public purpose, it is not contemplated outside the urban limit and there is no plan for development of Delhi. The public notice of the notifications in question was not duly publicised at the convenient places and the acquisition would amount to forfeiture of livelihood of the claimants as they are primarily agriculturists. In some of the objections, reference was also made to the provisions of the Delhi Development Act. ( 12 ) ANOTHER aspect of the case which require clarification is that in the affidavit filed by the respondents, it has been stated that possession has been taken free of all encumbrances and in compliance to the provisions of section 16 of the Act. During the course of hearing, counsel appearing for the petitioners argued that respondents have not taken possession and in fact in the case of petitioners, the interim stay was granted and in some of the cases even after possession was taken by the respondents, the same had been restored back to the owners. During the course of hearing, counsel appearing for the petitioners argued that respondents have not taken possession and in fact in the case of petitioners, the interim stay was granted and in some of the cases even after possession was taken by the respondents, the same had been restored back to the owners. These facts were controverted and certain reports Kabza Karbai were produced before the court to show that in some parcels of land, the State has taken possession and even handed over the same to the DDA. It was then not disputed that in some parcels of the land, no possession had been taken because of stay orders or the notification under section 4 had been quashed and the Department did not prefer appeals. The obvious consequences of the above submissions would be that in some parcels of land, the possession has been taken and handed over to the DDA while in others where there are stay orders or even the acquisition proceedings have been quashed, the possession might not have been taken, but to say that the Government has not taken possession of the entire acquired land, again would not be correct. This fact has to be taken as partially correct. This I am recording on the basis of the records produced and affidavits filed before the Court by the parties. The petitioners have also filed statement showing the abstract of `survey of villages of GNCT of Delhi. Even in this statement, it has been reflected that possession of some of the lands in different villages varying from `nil to 2692. 16 acres, has been handed over to the DDA. This is the alleged status of land shown as on 31st August, 2000 whereafter according to the respondents in different Kabza Karbai, possession has been taken and even handed over to DDA. (A) What is the affect of contentions raised by the parties on the validity of the notifications dated 25th November, 1980 issued under section 4 of the Act. ( 13 ) I have already noticed that in some of the petitions, petitioners have not even challenged validity, legality or otherwise of these notifications. Thus, those petitioners are estopped from challenging the notification under section 4 of the Act on any ground, whatsoever. ( 13 ) I have already noticed that in some of the petitions, petitioners have not even challenged validity, legality or otherwise of these notifications. Thus, those petitioners are estopped from challenging the notification under section 4 of the Act on any ground, whatsoever. The writ petitions relate to different villages and in some of them if the notification is to be upheld, that by itself to some extent would be a relevant factor to be taken into consideration by the Courts for deciding the same ground in other writ petitions. In the writ petitions wherever there is a challenge to the notification under section 4 of the Act, it is primarily on two grounds i. e. firstly the Planned Development of Delhi is not a public purpose and secondly there is no plan in existence which could objectively satisfy the reasons for acquiring the land. Both these grounds are of general nature and would be applicable to the cases in hand uniformly. This very notification dated 25th November, 1980 was subject matter of writ petition before this Court in the case of Munni Lal (Supra ). The Division Bench, after a detailed discussion and reference to various provisions of the Act as well as the concept of planned Development of Delhi , dismissed the writ petitions vide its judgment dated 15th November, 1983. It will be useful to refer to the relevant extracts of the said judgment rather than proceed to reappreciate the contentions raised by the petitioner in that behalf, which read as under :- 11. In the present case the public purpose indicated in the notification under section 4 is Planned Development of Delhi. The questions as to whether planned Development of Delhi can be regarded as a public purpose or whether land can be acquired for Planned Development of Delhi only in the manner as envisaged by the Master Plan, which was drawn up in 1962, are as far as this Court is concerned, no longer res integra. These questions arose for consideration before a Division bench of this Court in the case of P. S. Gill and others v. Union of India and others ilr (1979) I Delhi 601. In that case land was sought to be acquired, which was situated in the Cantonment area, for the public purpose, namely, Planned development of Delhi. These questions arose for consideration before a Division bench of this Court in the case of P. S. Gill and others v. Union of India and others ilr (1979) I Delhi 601. In that case land was sought to be acquired, which was situated in the Cantonment area, for the public purpose, namely, Planned development of Delhi. Notifications were issued under section 4 and also under section 6 of the Act. As in the present case, reference was made to a number of decisions of the Supreme Court, especially to the cases of Arnold Redricks and another v. State of Maharashtra and others, AIR 1966 S. C. 1788, Munshi Singh v. Union of India, AIR 1973 S. C. 1150. Aflatoon v. Lt. Governor, AIR 1974 S. C. 2077. At page 623 it was observed by this Court as follows:- as we shall discuss later in relation to another contention of the petitioners, the concept of planned development of Delhi is of a much wider amplitude and deeper content plan mere realignment of roads, restriction on construction and provision of civil amenities. Metropolitan cities all over the world had grown so rapidly and enormously beyond their original boundaries as to call for large scale planning of not only the cities proper but of contiguous areas as well as their proper development. Planning bodies have been charged with the task of planning layouts for suburban areas in accordance with modern standards. Such a gargantuan task of development needs a poten-statutory sanction or its implementation and the 1957 Act, the provisions of which we shall discuss later in detail, is the instrument by means of which the ideal of a mere beautiful and well planned greater Delhi is to be translated into reality. It contemplates wholesale acquisition and distribution of land, with or without development, in such manner as to ensure the desired objectives. At page 658 of the report this Court had the occasion to deal with the question as to whether a notification would be valid even if the Master Plan did not actually cover the Cantonment area, the land in which area was the subject matter of the acquisition in that case. This Court dealt with this question in the following words:- but we think that the purpose of acquisition would be a public purpose, even if we assume that the plans did not actually cover the Cantt. This Court dealt with this question in the following words:- but we think that the purpose of acquisition would be a public purpose, even if we assume that the plans did not actually cover the Cantt. Area but left plans for the development of this area to be drawn up in future. In considering this aspect, the crucial point for determination is the meaning that should be assigned to the words planned development of Delhi used in the notifications. This expression ordinarily connotes the development of Delhi according to plan. It does not necessarily mean development in accordance with a plan already in existence but also takes in development in accordance with a plan that may be drawn up. It is a very wide expression. The public purpose to be achieved is that certain areas in Delhi are likely to grow rapidly in an unsystematic manner resulting in several problems and that this can be prevented only by the Government acquiring those lands developing them, or getting them developed and then reorganizing and redistributing them in a systematic and organized manner. There is no justification to restrict this comprehensive purpose by confining it to the four corners of the plans actually drawn up. It only requires that the proposed development should not be haphazard or unsystematic but should be according to plan. It seems to us that the attempt to restrict the content of the wide concept of planned development merely because actual blue prints of I. G. P. and M. P. Are available and to construe the words planned development of Delhi as referable to development within the four corners of these plans would not be correct. We do not think that the concept of public purpose requires that, even at the stage when the lands are proposed to be acquired, there should be ready a complete comprehensive or detailed scheme or plan as to the manner in which they are proposed to be put. In Redricks case ( AIR 1966 SC 1788 ) it was held that the existence of a scheme or plan at the stage of proposed acquisition is not necessary. At the same time, it should not be entirely something in the air, not even conceived of in the mind of the Government. In Redricks case ( AIR 1966 SC 1788 ) it was held that the existence of a scheme or plan at the stage of proposed acquisition is not necessary. At the same time, it should not be entirely something in the air, not even conceived of in the mind of the Government. What is necessary is that there should be an indication of the broad lines of development for which it will be acquired and that is there in this case. The aforesaid observations clearly bring out that at the stage when land is proposed to be acquired there need not be any detailed or comprehensive scheme or plan which should be drawn up. In other words, if there is a decision that a particular area is to be acquired for the purposes of development, utilisation and disposal then that would be sufficient for acquiring the land for Planned development of Delhi. 22. It is not for this Court to go into the question as to whether the facts which existed were sufficient to enable the Lt. Governor to form an opinion that land should be acquired or not. As long as some material exists on the basis of which such opinion can be formed and the material is relevant and has a nexus with the object sought to be achieved then the said opinion, which in its very nature has to be subjective, cannot be challenged on the ground of insufficiency of material or facts. 23. It was then contended that the petitioners did not have sufficient information on the basis of which an effective representation or objections under section 5a could be filed. It was urged that it was not made known to the public at the time when the impugned notifications under section 4 were issued that there was going to be an amendment of the Master Plan. It was also not made known as to how the land which was proposed to be acquired would be used. The submission was that, in the absence of such particulars being made known, no effective representation or objections under section 5a could be filed. We are unable to agree with this submission. The expression Planned Development of Delhi is not a vague or an indefinite term. The submission was that, in the absence of such particulars being made known, no effective representation or objections under section 5a could be filed. We are unable to agree with this submission. The expression Planned Development of Delhi is not a vague or an indefinite term. With the passage of time, and in view of the various decisions of this Court, it is clear to every one in Delhi that acquisition for Planned Development of delhi means that the land which is proposed to be acquired will be developed and then utilised or disposed of by the D. D. A. In Munshi Singh s case (supra) there was no plan in existence at the time when the notification under section 4 was issued. Moreover, at that time the concept of Planned Development, as it now exists in Delhi, was not known. The expression Planned Development of Delhi was first used when, prior to the coming into force of the Master Plan, large areas were notified for acquisition under Section 4 of the Act in November, 1959. When the master Plan came into existence, the land use in the Union Territory of Delhi was indicated. Under the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act only these areas were acquired for Planned Development of Delhiwhich fall within the urbanizable limits of Delhi. The areas which were shown as reserved for green belt and agricultural rural areas, though covered by the Master Plan, were not touched or affected. In a period of 20 years from 1961 to 1981 it has become clear that planned Development of Delhi means development of Delhi according to a plan, and simultaneously preventing construction and other activities taking place in an unplanned and haphazard manner. The public purpose for which the land is to be acquired is, therefore, development of land. It is not important as to what use the land will be put after it has been developed. In a metropolitan city like Delhi land is put to different uses. What is important is that land is put to use after it has been systematically developed. 26. IT is evident from the aforesaid newspaper reports that the public was certainly made aware about the proposed second Master Plan which was being prepared and also the reasons as to why the notifications under section 4 had been issued. What is important is that land is put to use after it has been systematically developed. 26. IT is evident from the aforesaid newspaper reports that the public was certainly made aware about the proposed second Master Plan which was being prepared and also the reasons as to why the notifications under section 4 had been issued. This was the additional material which was available to the petitioners with regard to which they could file objections under section 5a of the act. (C-1) the idea of exempting lands in regard to which building plans have been sanctioned by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi appears to be that such areas cannot be regarded as unplanned areas and, therefore, it will not be necessary to acquire that land. Even if these lands have been exempted from the operation of section 4 notification at this stage but if, at a later stage, the Government feels that the exemption to such pockets is not conducive to the Planned Development of an area then there is nothing to prevent the authorities from acquiring the said land at a later date. ( 14 ) IT is commonly conceded before the Court that judgment in Munni Lal s case (supra) had already attained finality even before filing of the present writ petitions. The correctness of the said judgments was not questioned before the court and in fact the parties to that judgment have already acted thereupon and government took further steps in terms of that notification. Once the judgment had attained finality and relates to same subject matter, it will only be proper for this bench to follow the said principle and the reasoning particularly when it has already been referred and approved in some of the other judgments in relation to the connected matters. I do not find any need to discuss the two submissions raised on behalf of the petitioner in any greater detail as they have already been considered in some elucidation and rejected as back as in the year 1983. Thus, I have no hesitation in rejecting the contentions of the petitioners and stating as a matter of fact and law that the notification under section 4 does not suffer from any infirmity and in fact has already attained finality as a result of judicial pronouncement. Thus, I have no hesitation in rejecting the contentions of the petitioners and stating as a matter of fact and law that the notification under section 4 does not suffer from any infirmity and in fact has already attained finality as a result of judicial pronouncement. (B) Whether the declaration issued by the respondents under section 6 of the Act is invalid and nonest in law:- ( 15 ) THERE is no dispute to the fact that the declaration under section 6 has been published/issued by the respondents after the expiry of a period of three years from the date of notification under section 4 of the Act. The notification under section 4 was issued on 25th November, 1980 while the declaration under section 6 has been published on 7th June, 1985. Apparently, the act of the respondent offends the provisions of Section 6 of the Act. The only question that requires consideration by the Court is whether the explanation given by the State would fall squarely within the purview and scope of explanation to section 6 and resultantly some period would be liable to be excluded from this period. The stand taken before the Court is identical to what had been taken by the State in Balak Ram s case (supra) before the full Bench. There were admittedly stay orders granted in different cases relating to all these villages from dispossessing the petitioners from the acquired land. The notifications under section 4 as well as under section 6 of the Act had been subjudice before the Courts in large number of cases. Few of them had been decided in favour of the petitioners while most of them were decided against the petitioners in those writ petitions. As far as the explanation of the Government for exclusion of the period is concerned, it is again not necessary for the Court to discuss the respective pleas in any greater detail, as they have been squarely answered by the Full Bench of the Court in the case of Balak Ram Gupta s case (supra) where the Court held as under :- the second limb of the argument is, in our view, unacceptable. The observations in hoosein Kasam Dada s case, AIR 1953 SC 221 relied on by learned counsel are actually to the effect that. . . . . . . The observations in hoosein Kasam Dada s case, AIR 1953 SC 221 relied on by learned counsel are actually to the effect that. . . . . . . a vested right cannot be taken away except by express enactment or necessary intendment. An intention to interfere with or to impair or imperil such a vested right cannot be presumed unless such intention be clearly manifested by express words or necessary implication. (Emphasis added ). In our opinion, reading together the words used in the proviso and the explanation, the conclusion is inescapable that the exclusion envisaged in the explanation is available in respect of all notifications issued between 29-1-1967 and 24-9-1984. We have given elaborately our reasons for coming to this conclusion and, hence, we overrule this contention urged on behalf of the petitioners. 16. In regard to the third step in the argument, the cases cited by counsel do not help them. The cardinal principle of these decisions is only that, in construing a statute, particularly an amending one, Courts should prefer that interpretation of it which would further the object and policy of the amendments and remove or mitigate what the legislature presumably regarded as a mischief which ought to be remedied. If a statute is intended to confer benefit on any class of persons, clearly a beneficial interpretation would subserve its object. But here, as we have pointed out earlier, the amendment Act had a twin object in view. One was no doubt beneficial to land owners, viz. , to curtail the period for a S. 6 declaration in future from 3 years to one year. But there was another object which was equally important, viz, to remove certain hurdles faced by the State viz. Inability to issue a S. 6 declaration because of stay orders. 18. We do not think much help can be derived from the provisions referred to in the present context. Section 30 (2) and (3) are transitional provisions, resulting from a situation created by the fact that an Amendment Bill of 1982 had to be withdrawn and a fresh bill introduced in 1984. These transitional provisions have been considered by the supreme Court in Bhagh Singh vs. Union Territory, AIR 1985 SC 1576 but it is stated at the Bar that the issues have been referred to a larger Bench. These transitional provisions have been considered by the supreme Court in Bhagh Singh vs. Union Territory, AIR 1985 SC 1576 but it is stated at the Bar that the issues have been referred to a larger Bench. We may only point out that S. 11a carves out a new period of limitation and, in respect of declarations made before 1984, it starts running only from 25-9-1984. The retrospective effect of the explanation is thus very limited. Section 23 (1a) creates a right in an owner of land to receive interest on the market value of land from the date of the S. 4 notification to the date of award or date of taking possession whichever is earlier and there can be nothing unjust, in principle, if the explanation seeks to avoid payment of interest by government for periods of delay for which it is not responsible. We do not, however, think that it will be relevant or useful to discuss the scope and effect of those other provisions here. We would only like to repeat that the setting and language of the proviso and explanation to S. 6 (1) are totally different and lend themselves only to one possible interpretation. 19. We now come to a consideration of the real difficulty in the case which is in regard to the interpretation of the words, the period during which any action or proceeding to be taken in pursuance of the notification under S. 4, sub-s (1), is stayed by an order of Court. The respondents , contention is that they were not able to take any action or proceeding in pursuance of the notifications under S. 4 dated 5-11-1980 and 25-11-1980 because such action or proceedings were stayed by certain orders passed by this Court. The answer of the petitioners is that no such stay orders were passed in any writ petition filed by any of the petitioners. It appears that there are some writ petitions pending in this court where a challenge to the S. 6 declarations has been put up by the very petitioners who had asked for and obtained stay of further proceedings in writ petitions challenging the S. 4 notification but those writ petitions, it seems, are not listed before us. It appears that there are some writ petitions pending in this court where a challenge to the S. 6 declarations has been put up by the very petitioners who had asked for and obtained stay of further proceedings in writ petitions challenging the S. 4 notification but those writ petitions, it seems, are not listed before us. The petitioners here urge that, whatever may be the position in the case of such petitioners, none of the present petitioners can be prejudicially affected by any stay order that may have been passed in suits or petitions to which they were not parties. 27. . . . . . . . . . In other words, in many of the present day notifications, the acquisition scheme is an integral one and the stay or quashing of any part thereof is a stay or quashing of the whole. This aspect should not be lost sight of. 31. WE have, therefore, to give full effect to the language of the section and the stay orders in question, in the above context and background. The use of the word any in the explanation considerably amplifies its scope and shows clearly that the explanation can be invoked in any case if some action or proceeding is stayed. It may be a complete stay of the operation of the entire notification or may even be a partial stay-partial in degree or in regard to persons or lands in respect of whom it will operate. The words used in the explanation are of the widest amplitude and there is no justification whatever to confine its terms and operation only to the cases in which the stay order is actually obtained. 39. We have, for the reasons stated above, come to the conclusion that the period during which stay orders were in force should be excluded in computing the validity of the declaration under S. 6. So far as the notification dated 25. 11. 1980 is concerned, we find that the latest of the S. 6 declarations was on 26. 2. 1986. The stay order (in C. M. P. 668/1981) was in operation from 18. 2. 1981 to 15. 11. 1983 i. e. for a period of 2 years, 7 months and 27 days. So far as the notification dated 25. 11. 1980 is concerned, we find that the latest of the S. 6 declarations was on 26. 2. 1986. The stay order (in C. M. P. 668/1981) was in operation from 18. 2. 1981 to 15. 11. 1983 i. e. for a period of 2 years, 7 months and 27 days. They are therefore in time having been issued within three years plus 2 years 3 months, i. e. , 5 years 3 months of the S. 4 notification. So far as the notification dated 5. 11. 1980 is concerned, we find that the latest of the S. 6 declaration was issued on 7. 6. 1985, i. e. , 4 years 7 months after the s. 4 notification. They stay order (in CMP No. 4226/81) was operative from 30. 9. 1981 to 15. 11. 1983, i. e. , for 2 years and 1½ months. If this period is excluded the declaration is within time. We answer the principal issue debated before us accordingly. ( 16 ) THE conclusion of the Full Bench would help in dealing with the contentions raised by the petitioners in regard to this aspect of the case. ( 17 ) VARIOUS contentions raised on behalf of the petitioners now, in fact and in substance, are only repetitive of what was addressed before the Full Bench. Therefore, they must meet the same fate in terms of the judgment of the Full Bench. Explanation rendered before the Court by the respondents is identical to what was offered before the Full Bench and thus the same cannot be distinguished even on facts. The judgment of the Full Bench of this Court has been upheld by the Supreme court in the case of Abhey Ram (supra) and in any case the Full Bench is binding on this Bench and with respect I follow the view taken therein and reject the contention raised on behalf of the petitioners that the period during which stays were in operation cannot be excluded from the total afore referred period in terms of the explanation to section 6. I may hasten to add here that most of these writ petitions were filed in the year 1985, and from 1985 to 1997, the interim orders were in force even in these writ petitions and have continued till date. I may hasten to add here that most of these writ petitions were filed in the year 1985, and from 1985 to 1997, the interim orders were in force even in these writ petitions and have continued till date. In other words, there has been interim orders passed by the Courts right from the case of Munni Lal (supra) filed in the year 1981, thereafter in other writ petitions, which were filed during the year 1984 where again interim orders were granted and then the present bunch of writ petitions where interim orders are in force. The similar explanation offered by the respondents having been already accepted by the Full Bench, it will neither be just nor proper for this Court to reject the same. The period during which different stay orders passed by the Court were in force would have to be essentially excluded from the period of three years specified under section 6 of the Act. As such the bonafide explanation and view taken taken by the respondents does not appear to be suffering from any error or so as to deny the benefit of exclusion, as notifications involved in the present case were subject matter before the Full Bench as well. (C) What is the effect of various judgments on the merits of the contention raised by the parties to this petition with particular reference to the consideration by the respondents and resultant fate of objections filed under section 5a of the Act. ( 18 ) I have already noticed that most of the petitioners in the petitions before the Court claimed that they had not filed the objections under section 5-A before the land Acquisition Collector. However, in some of the writ petitions there are no averments even to the effect that the petitioners had filed objections under these provisions. The respondents have produced the record to show that a number of petitioners had not filed objections under section 5-A of the Act as such the question of consideration begun, proper or otherwise of such objections does not arise. For example in the case of Village Deoli, there are 24 petitions, out of which in 20 petitions, petitioners have not filed objections; while petitioners in remaining four petitions have filed objections. In the case of Village Satbari, there are six petitions three had filed objections while three chose not to file objections. For example in the case of Village Deoli, there are 24 petitions, out of which in 20 petitions, petitioners have not filed objections; while petitioners in remaining four petitions have filed objections. In the case of Village Satbari, there are six petitions three had filed objections while three chose not to file objections. In the case of tughlakabad, there are six writ petitions out of which five filed objections and one petitioner did not file objection. In Village Chhattarpur, as per the reports filed by the authorities in pursuance to the decision of section 5a of the Act, it was stated that more than 380 objections were received which were considered and report filed in accordance with law. Out of these cases, there are 20 petitions before this Court in relation to Chhattarpur, out of which 12 had filed objections and petitioners in 8 petitions did not file objections. Compete records in regard to villages Tuglakabad and Maidangarhi were not available with the respondents, however, some records were produced showing contents of report under section 5-A by the Lt. Governor, during the course of hearing. ( 19 ) THE cumulative effect of the above factual matrix is that some of the petitioners had filed objections under section 5-A of the Act while others had not even taken recourse to that remedy and thus waiving objections, if at all they had to the acquisition of the land in question. In terms of the judgment of the Supreme Court in the cases of Abhey Ram Vs. Union of India (supra) and Delhi Administration Vs. Gurdeep Singh Uban and Ors (supra) the persons who had not filed objections under section 5-A of the Act could not be allowed to contend that section 5-A inquiry was bad or that section 6 declaration is vitiated on that ground itself. Following the law enunciated in these judgments of the Supreme Court which squarely apply to the facts and circumstances of the case particularly where the petitioners did not file objections under section 5-A, the question of granting them any relief would not arise. Following the law enunciated in these judgments of the Supreme Court which squarely apply to the facts and circumstances of the case particularly where the petitioners did not file objections under section 5-A, the question of granting them any relief would not arise. The court will not go into the merits of such contentions because the petitioners have obviously waived their rights before the Land Acquisition Collector as well as before this Court as no specific averments have even been made in the writ petition that they had filed objections and the right of hearing or consideration of their objections was denied by the competent authorities. They are estopped from challenging the issuance of the declaration under section 6 as well as the process of the decision making by the respondents in arriving at that conclusion. Therefore, the writ petitions of the petitioners covered under this category are in any case liable to be dismissed. However, it was vehemently contended on behalf of the petitioners that the objections raised by various persons were of a general nature and thus the persons who did not file objections under section 5-A would still be entitled to the benefits which may accrue to the persons who had filed objections under section 5-A. In view of the judgment of the Supreme Court referred above, it may not be really necessary but still i will proceed to discuss the merit or otherwise of this contention. There is no doubt that the objections taken by the objectors in response to the notification issued under section 4 of the Act were of a general nature. They related to the validity of public purpose, Planned Development of Delhi, not being a public purpose, there being no master Plan in terms of which the development is to be carried out, other and better lands are available for carrying out activity and exemption of land on the grounds of non-sanctioned farm houses and constructed areas, and that it was a colourable exercise of power. The objections are really in that sense of the term are not personal to the owners and are general to the land owned by the owners. Stricto senso, the objections are not individualistic in their character and that is why they have been dealt with collectively by authorities. The objections are really in that sense of the term are not personal to the owners and are general to the land owned by the owners. Stricto senso, the objections are not individualistic in their character and that is why they have been dealt with collectively by authorities. ( 20 ) THIS act on the part of the competent authority is questioned on the ground that large number of objections were filed in all villages, with particular reference to Village Chatarpur where 380 objections were filed, that it was not possible to submit a common report and particularly without hearing the land owners. It is further the contention of the petitioners that non-filing of objections would be immaterial as the objections are of general nature. The report submitted even in relation to Village Chatarpur has blanks i. e. in front of same serial number nothing has been mentioned and in some cases there is duplication of the names in the list of the objectors. These blanks, vacant places and duplication of names has not been noticed by the Lt. Governor which shows the total non-application of mind and the proceedings are therefore vitiated. ( 21 ) IN order to substantiate this plea of non-application of mind, the learned counsel appearing for the petitioner heavily relied upon the judgment of the Division bench of this Court in the case of Balak Ram Gupta vs. Union of India (supra) on the following decisions:- the obvious reason for making the provisions mandatory is that valuable property of the objector is taken by Government without his consent and right of eminent domain conceded to the Government should not be arbitrarily exercised by government. Mr. R. K. Anand admitted that on perusal of original files he did not find any notes maintained by the L. A. C. who heard the objectors which could have been looked into by the other L. A. C. who actually made the report. It is an admitted position that the L. A. Cs who actually made the report for the seven villages did not themselves give any hearing to the objectors. We have, therefore, no alternative but to hold that the entire land acquisition proceedings in relation to the said seven villages are vitiated and notifications under section 6 deserve to the quashed. It is an admitted position that the L. A. Cs who actually made the report for the seven villages did not themselves give any hearing to the objectors. We have, therefore, no alternative but to hold that the entire land acquisition proceedings in relation to the said seven villages are vitiated and notifications under section 6 deserve to the quashed. ( 22 ) IT is also contended that the objectors were heard by one Officer while the report has been submitted by another, as such the notifications in question are liable to be set aside. ( 23 ) I have perused all the reports placed on record by the respondents in compliance with the provisions of Section 5a of the Act. There is no doubt that the report in relation to Village Chattarpur contains certain blanks, and certain names have been repeated like at serial number 36, Smt. Neeru Nanda has been shown and again at serial number 355 her name has been shown. Serial number 363 is stated to be vacant. These mistakes or errors, whether intentional or otherwise, would not be of much significance, unless it shown what prejudice the objectors have suffered as a result of such errors. In the main report, it has been stated that 380 objections were received by interested persons and which is true in terms of the serial number stated in the list with these duplications or the vacant names. In the report produced in court, detailed objections by all these persons have been noticed and as many as 14 heads of objections, which at the face of it are general in nature, were prepared. Reference to the inclusion of constructed areas, religious places, action of the government being arbitrary and there being no development plan, have been duly noticed in these objections. Even reference to the proceedings pending before the high Court in different writ petitions was made in this report. The Land Acquisition collector then recommended acquisition of the land measuring 7142 bighas and 18 biswas for the public purpose. This report was discussed by the Lt. Governor in his note dated 5. 6. 1985 and confirmed that the area of 7142 bighas and 18 biswas in the revenue Estate of Village Chatarpur should be acquired by the Collector and directed issuance of appropriate directions. This report was discussed by the Lt. Governor in his note dated 5. 6. 1985 and confirmed that the area of 7142 bighas and 18 biswas in the revenue Estate of Village Chatarpur should be acquired by the Collector and directed issuance of appropriate directions. Similarly, reports of other villages have been placed on record showing consideration of objections filed by the Objectors in those acquisition proceedings. The general objections raised in this regard were duly considered by the Land Acquisition Collector in his reports submitted to the competent Authority, particularly with reference to the village Chattarpur where largest number of objections were received. It was noticed in that report that afterwards many petitioners have also filed writ petitions on the same lines, the main contention of the petitioners were that there is no master plan for land in question. Besides this objection, the petitioners have also raised a boogie of objections mentioned at serial Nos. 1 to 14 as stated above. . . . . . . . . . . . . . The hon ble High Court dismissed all the petitions filed by the petitioner as the test at flag `a . . . . . . . . . . There is specific scheme for development for this area under second Master Plan. ( 24 ) THE above observations were recorded by the Collector after granting opportunities to the objectors of being heard and who had appeared before the collector at different dates. Reports were put up to the Lt. Governor who in turn had directed acquisition of land in accordance with law. There is no doubt that a valuable right is available to a land owner/objector under section 5a of the Act. This right has to be dealt with in accordance with the prescribed procedure. Principles of natural justice is in-built element of such procedure. The violations of principles of natural justice should normally be coupled with element of prejudice. If no prejudice is caused, the courts would be reluctant to set aside the action merely on the ground that it is violative of procedure or practice particularly when provisions of sections are silent in that regard. In the present case, admittedly, objections were filed, objectors were called for hearing on different occasions, some of them appeared and some of them even did not appear. In the present case, admittedly, objections were filed, objectors were called for hearing on different occasions, some of them appeared and some of them even did not appear. Even if they were heard by a different Officer who found no substance in the grounds taken by the Objector so as to make a favourable report under Section 5a of the Act, and subsequently, another Officer duly considered the entire record including large number of objections which were filed before the authorities during the acquisition proceedings and gave a detailed and reasoned report directly relatable to such records and documents produced. The petitioners even before this court, has taken no specific grounds with definite pleadings showing that they have suffered any prejudice or violation of any established procedure as a result of the action of the respondents. Thus, the petitioners cannot take any advantage from the principle afore-indicated. Firstly, the judgment of the Division Bench in the case of balak Ram Gupta (supra) was stated to be not laying down a correct law by the supreme Court in the case of Abhey Ram (supra) and Delhi Administration Vs. Gurdeep Singh Uban and Ors (supra ). Furthermore, the Supreme Court in the case of ossein and Gelatine Manufacturers Association of India vs. Modi Alkalies and chemicals Limited and Another 1989 (4) SCC 264 while discussing the scope of administrative law in relation to adherence of principles of natural justice held as under:- on the issue of natural justice, we are satisfied that no prejudice has been caused to the appellant by any of the circumstances pointed out by the appellant. It is true that the order has been passed by an officer different from the one who heard the parties. However, the proceedings were not in the nature of formal judicial hearings. They were in the nature of meetings and full minutes were recorded of all the points discussed at each meeting. It has not been brought to our notice that any salient point urged by the petitioners has been missed. On the contrary, the order itself summarises and deals with all the important objections of the petitioners. This circumstance has not, therefore, caused any prejudice to the petitioners. It has not been brought to our notice that any salient point urged by the petitioners has been missed. On the contrary, the order itself summarises and deals with all the important objections of the petitioners. This circumstance has not, therefore, caused any prejudice to the petitioners. The delay in the passing of the order also does not, in the above circumstances, vitiate the order in the absence of any suggestion that there has been a change of circumstances in the interregnum brought to the notice of the authorities or that the authority passing the order has forgotten to deal with any particular aspect by reason of such delay. The argument that the application of the Modis had referred to bonemeal as the raw material used and this was later changed to crushed bones is pointless because it is not disputed that all along the petitioners were aware that the reference to bonemeal was incorrect and that the Modis were going to use crushed bones in their project. The last contention that some documents were produced at the hearing by the Modis which the petitioners could not deal with effectively is also without force as, admittedly, the assesse s representatives were shown those documents but did not seek any time for considering them and countering their effect. There has, therefore, been, in fact, no prejudice to the petitioners. They have had a fair hearing and the government s decision has been reached after considering all the pros and cons. We are unable to find any ground to interfere therewith. ( 25 ) FURTHERMORE, in the case of Ajay Krishan Shinghal and Ors. vs. Union of India and Ors. 1996 (10) SCC 721 , again their Lordships of the Supreme Court while discussing the aspect of planned Development or sanctioned Plan being a condition precedent to acquisition of the land under the provisions of the Act held as under:- 6. In view of the diverse contentions, the first question that arises for consideration is whether the land in question is needed for a public purpose? If the finding is held against the State, it would not be necessary to go into the second question. Public purpose has been defined in Section 3 (f) of the Act with an inclusive purpose of various developments and extension, planned development and improvement of the village etc. The controversy is no longer res integra. If the finding is held against the State, it would not be necessary to go into the second question. Public purpose has been defined in Section 3 (f) of the Act with an inclusive purpose of various developments and extension, planned development and improvement of the village etc. The controversy is no longer res integra. In Aflatoon v. Lt. Governor of Delhi (1975) 4 SCC 285 a Constitution Bench of this Court, (Mathew, J. speaking for the Court) after an elaborate consideration, held that the acquisition for planned development of Delhi is a public purpose. In the case of an acquisition of a large extent of land comprising several plots belonging to different persons, the specification of the purpose can only be with reference to the acquisition of the whole area. Unlike in the case of an acquisition of a small area, it might be practically difficult to specify the particular purpose for which every item of land comprised in the area is needed. Under those circumstances, the acquisition of planned development was held to be for public purpose. It is not necessary to burden the judgment with the development of the law in this behalf. Relevant decisions in this behalf are Ratni Devi v. Chief Commr. (1975) 4 SCC 467 , Pt. Lila Ram v. Union of India (1975) 2 SCC 547 , Om Prakash v. Union of India (1988) 1 SCC 356 , ram Chand v. Union of India (1994) 1 SCC 44 , State of T. N. v. L. Krishnan (1996) 1 SCC 250 and Jai Narain v. Union of India (1996) 1 SCC 9 . Suffice it to state that when an authority constituted under the Act has initiated the action for acquisition of a large area of land comprising several plots for planned development, the specification of a particular land needed for a specified purpose intended to be undertaken for the development ultimately to be taken up, is not a condition precedent to initiate the action for acquisition and publication of the notification under Section 4 (1) of the Act in the Gazette does not get vitiated on account thereof. The reasons are not far to seek. In drawing details, the scheme required detailed examination consistent with plans and ecological balance. 7. The reasons are not far to seek. In drawing details, the scheme required detailed examination consistent with plans and ecological balance. 7. SHRI Lekhi sought to place reliance on the judgments of this Court in somavanti v. State of Punjab (1963) 2 SCR 774 : AIR 1963 SC 151 and Khub Chand v. State of Rajasthan (1967) 1 SCR 120 : AIR 1967 SC 1074 was considered and distinguished in T. N. Case. Khub Chand case relates to compliance of Section 491 ). So it is not necessary to deal with these cases in detail. Suffice it to state that each case has to be considered on the facts and circumstances of each case. The planned development of Delhi was held to be a public purpose in Aflatoon case followed by several judgments including the latest judgment of this Court in Jai Narain case. The question then is whether the interim General Plan 1956, the Master Plan under the development Act brought on statute in 1962 w. e. f. 1-9-1962 and further amended plan in 1990 are required to necessarily specify the purpose for which land is needed vis-a-vis the provisions of the Cantonments Act, 1924. It is true that when acquisition of the land was within the limits specified under Section 4 and declaration under section 5 of the Cantonments Act, 1924 was published, the Cantonment Board and the authorities constituted thereunder get the power and jurisdiction to deal with the lands within its jurisdiction for the development. None of their representatives finds berth in Planning Council under the Development Act. Equally, under the development Act the Delhi Development Authority and the various authorities constituted thereunder are required to prepare the Master Plan, the Zonal Plan and the area Development Plan as required for planned development of the land. But one fact that needs to be emphasised and always kept in mind is that all these are developmental activities to be undertaken subsequent to the acquisition after the land is available. The harping and insistence on compliance of details by Shri Lekhi from several provisions in various Acts do not need elaborate consideration As a fact the high Court had done the exercise and in our view in correct perspective. They need reiteration. The harping and insistence on compliance of details by Shri Lekhi from several provisions in various Acts do not need elaborate consideration As a fact the high Court had done the exercise and in our view in correct perspective. They need reiteration. Once a public purpose has been specified by the Governor in the notification and on specification obviously on presumptive satisfaction thereof the governor issued the notification as required under Section 4 (1); the absence of the specification and further elaboration of the development do not have the effect of rendering the satisfaction reached by the Governor illegal and the notification under section 4 (1) published by the Governor in exercise of the power of eminent domain is not rendered void. Therefore, it is not necessary to elaborately deal in detail with the manner in which the development has to be undertaken when the land is situated within the cantonment area. In fact, Section 12 (3) (ii) of the Development Act takes care of the development in cantonment area when there would be a conflict between the authorities under the Development Act and the need for prior approval in that behalf of the cantonment, which is a local authority, for developing land under the development Act. As a fact, except the land in question, the land in Naraina was developed as per plan. Under those circumstances, since the High Court has elaborately dealt with this aspect of the matter in the judgment running into 129 pages, we feel it unnecessary to burden this judgment with further discussion in that behalf. Accordingly, we hold that the notification under Section 4 (1) is not vitiated on account of the fact that planned development was not specified with particularisation of the land in question needed for the public purpose. " ( 26 ) IT is a settled principle of law that satisfaction of the authorities in these proceedings is a subjective satisfaction and is open to judicial review within a very narrow compass. From the material before the Court and the law afore-referred, I have no hesitation in coming to the conclusion that the decision of the Lt. Governor in regard to acquisition of the land in question do not suffer from the vice of arbitrariness, unfairness or non-application of mind particularly in regard to objections filed by the objectors under Section 5a of the Act. Governor in regard to acquisition of the land in question do not suffer from the vice of arbitrariness, unfairness or non-application of mind particularly in regard to objections filed by the objectors under Section 5a of the Act. The delay on the part of the authorities again is not, in any way, fatal to the decision taken. I cannot escape but to note that the Planned Development of Delhi is a multi-dimensional object with varied ramifications. This process itself is obstructed by certain interested persons and the records of the respondents do indicate that such an observation would not be uncalled for. Some records are not available, some originals reports are missing and intentional default in pursuing cases seen, in light of the fact that there is unnecessary delay. Unnecessary delay in submission of files, keeping the proceedings even after issuance of Section 4 notification pending, do certainly demonstrate non-adherence to accept administrative norms of functioning in Government hierarchy. Such administrative decisions have far-reaching consequences and therefore they should be taken not only with proper application of mind but as expeditiously as possible. 'planned Development of Delhi' has repeatedly been held to be a public purpose and reference in this regard can be made amongst others to the judgment in Aflatoon and ors. vs. Lt. Governor of Delhi and Ors. AIR 1974 SC 2077 and P. S. Gill and Ors Vs. UOI and Ors ILR (1979) I Delhi 601, Bhagat Singh Vs State of U. P. (1999) 2 SCC 384 , roshanara Begum Vs. Union of India and Ors. 61 (1996) DLT 206 (FB) and Gandhi grah Nirman Sehkari Samiti Ltd. and Ors. Vs. State of Rajasthan and Ors. (1993) 2 SCC 662 . ( 27 ) ADMINISTRATIVE action can be subjected to control by judicial review on the ground of illegality, irrationality and procedural improprieties of serious and prejudicial consequences. In the case of Indian Railway Construction Co. Ltd. Vs. Ajay Kumar (2003) 4 SCC 579 , the Court held that an act administrative or legislative can be vitiated if there is non-application of mind to the relevant factors or his exercise on the basis of non-existent facts or is patently so erroneous or suffers from manifest error of law, facts or procedure. Ltd. Vs. Ajay Kumar (2003) 4 SCC 579 , the Court held that an act administrative or legislative can be vitiated if there is non-application of mind to the relevant factors or his exercise on the basis of non-existent facts or is patently so erroneous or suffers from manifest error of law, facts or procedure. None of these ingredients can be traced in the present case to the extent that the power of judicial review of administrative action would require the Court to invalidate the notifications in question. Undoubtedly, objections were invited from the record. It is clear that the objectors were heard, records based reports were submitted under section 5-A to the lt. Governor who after applying his mind approved the acquisition and directed the issuance of declaration under section 6 of the Act. This can safely be concluded on the basis of the record produced before the Court. ( 28 ) FOR quashing of an administrative decision, based upon exercise of legislative power, it is necessary that the order or decision of the concerned authority should suffers from lack of proprietary or procedural impropriety or at the face of it, it should be illegal. The authorities might have acted with some lack of administrative proprietary and did not maintain the records meticulously so as to invite some criticism, but this by itself would not be sufficient ground for judicial intervention by the Courts. Reliance placed by the petitioners upon the judgment of the Supreme Court in Raja Anand Brahma Shah vs. The State of Uttar Pradesh and ors. AIR 1967 SC 1081 is again of no help to them. In that case the Court had held that even though the power of the State Government has been formulated under section 17 (4) of the Act in subjective terms, the expression of opinion of the State government can be challenged as ultra vires in a Court of law if it could be shown that the State Government never applied its mind to the matter or that the action was malafide. None of the stated ingredients are satisfied in the present case. We have already noticed that the Lt. Governor had passed orders and the order in Chatarpur runs into three paragraphs on the recommendations made by the LAC under Section 5a of the Act. None of the stated ingredients are satisfied in the present case. We have already noticed that the Lt. Governor had passed orders and the order in Chatarpur runs into three paragraphs on the recommendations made by the LAC under Section 5a of the Act. ( 29 ) WHILE relying upon the judgment of the Supreme Court in M. P. Housing board vs. Mohd. Safi and Ors. 1992 (2) SCC 168 , it was contended that the expression of public purpose being planned development of Delhi is not a purpose which is definite in terms and as such because of absence of details of the purpose, the notification is liable to be quashed. I have already referred to various judgments of this Court as well as the Supreme Court that 'planned Development of Delhi' has been held to be not only a public purpose but in terms 'an urgent public purpose' which would even justify invoking of the provisions of Section 17 (1) of the Act. In the case relied upon by the petitioners, the word 'residential' was used in its vague sense and as such their Lordships took the view that notification would be liable to be set aside. In the present case, reference is made to the entire development which would obviously include industrial, residential and other complexes. As a matter of fact, it cannot even be disputed that initial Master Plan of Delhi incorporates specific developments and notification issued under Section 4 of the Act in relation to the revenue estate of the Villages which are subject matter of these writ petitions, has already been upheld by a Division Bench of this Court which has attained finality. The reliance by the petitioners upon the case of Tulsi Cooperative Housing Society hyderabad and Ors. vs. State of A. P. and Ors. (2000) 1 SCC 533 is also of no consequence in the facts and circumstances of the present case as the land is being used for the purpose for which it was acquired that is, 'planned Development of delhi'. The Planned Development of Delhi is a continuing process and has been held to be an emergent public purpose more particularly with reference to development of residential schemes, keeping in view the dire need for accommodation for the incoming massive population as well as for industrial and commercial development of delhi. The Planned Development of Delhi is a continuing process and has been held to be an emergent public purpose more particularly with reference to development of residential schemes, keeping in view the dire need for accommodation for the incoming massive population as well as for industrial and commercial development of delhi. In the case of Bhagat Singh (supra), the Supreme Court clearly enunciated the principle that the land can even be put to a use other than for which it was acquired, provided sanction of the competent authority is taken and such purpose is in-conformity to the Planned Development of Delhi. It was also held by the Supreme court that absence of a pre-existing plan by itself would not vitiate the notification for acquisition of the land particularly when the land has been acquired apparently for public purpose namely 'planned Development of Delhi'. It may also be noticed here that to the counter affidavits filed on behalf of the respondents, no rejoinders were filed controverting the stated facts. Further more, during the course of hearing, records were produced before the Court which substantially support, what has been pleaded on behalf of the respondents. The learned counsel appearing for the petitioner placed reliance upon a Division Bench judgment of this Court in the case of hari Ram Vs. Union of India 2002 (61) DRJ 86 to contend that there was violation of principles of natural justice and the notification was liable to be quashed. In this judgment, the Division Bench observed that no records were produced before the Court to show that hearing was granted to the objectors and that the report was based on any relevant material. I have already noticed above that records were produced before the Court to show that hearings were attended by the objectors including by Chhatro Devi and Rati Ram or their duly authorised representative and thereafter the report was submitted to the Lt. Governor. It may be relevant to notice here that the Division Bench of this Court in paragraph 9 of the judgment noticed the contention of the respondent that Balak Ram Gupta (supra) had been over ruled by the supreme Court in Delhi Administration Vs. Gurdeep Singh Uban (1997) 7 SC 44 on the point of sanction of the Lt. Governor. It may be relevant to notice here that the Division Bench of this Court in paragraph 9 of the judgment noticed the contention of the respondent that Balak Ram Gupta (supra) had been over ruled by the supreme Court in Delhi Administration Vs. Gurdeep Singh Uban (1997) 7 SC 44 on the point of sanction of the Lt. Governor under section 6 of the Act, but the Division bench left the point open by mentioning we need not go into this aspect. Thus, in my view, the petitioners cannot avail much advantage by referring to this judgment. ( 30 ) AGAIN with some vehemence, it was contended on behalf of the petitioners that number of writ petitions have been allowed by the Court while following the Division Bench judgment in Balak Ram Gupta's case (supra) and keeping in view this judgment and the judgment in Delhi Development Authority vs. Sudan Singh (1997) 5 SCC 430 , petitioners in accordance with the principle of judicial uniformity should be granted the same relief. Reliance was placed in this regard, upon the judgments of the Supreme Court in Bir Bajrang Kumar Vs. State of bihar and Ors. AIR 1987 SC 1345 , Vishnu Traders Vs. State of Haryana and Ors. 1995 (1) Supp. SCC 461, Commissioner of Customs, Chennai Vs. Adani Exports Ltd. and Anr. 2004 (4) SCC 366 . This argument prima facie appears to be of some substance but when examined with regard to the law applicable with back drop of the facts and circumstances of the case, the argument is void of any merits. The Division bench judgment in the case of Balak Ram Gupta (supra) no longer can be stated to be a good law in view of the judgment of the Supreme Court in Abhey Ram's case, gurdip Singh's case as well as a recent Division Bench judgment of this court in the case of Sunil Nagpal Vs. Union of India CW 838/86 decided on 17. 12. 2004 wherein similar writ petitions were dismissed. The judgment of Sudan singh (supra) was not approved by a Larger Bench of Supreme Court in Abhey Ram's case (supra ). Thus, none of these two judgments can tilt either the equity or the law in favour of the petitioners. Union of India CW 838/86 decided on 17. 12. 2004 wherein similar writ petitions were dismissed. The judgment of Sudan singh (supra) was not approved by a Larger Bench of Supreme Court in Abhey Ram's case (supra ). Thus, none of these two judgments can tilt either the equity or the law in favour of the petitioners. ( 31 ) IN the case of Abhey Ram, a Bench of three judges of the Supreme Court considered the contention, which is as under :- he further contends that after the Full Bench judgment was rendered, the matter was remitted to the Division Bench which quashed the declaration under section 6 of the ground that the objections filed under section 5-A were not properly considered and that therefore publication of the declaration under section 6 was quashed in respect of the petitioners therein. The same benefit should enure to the appellants as well. In support thereof, he placed reliance on the judgment of this Court in Delhi development Authority Vs. Sudan Singh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (emphasis supplied) ( 32 ) OF course, the above contention was disputed by counsel for respondent in that case that objections have not been filed, but after discussing the entire controversies raised by the parties, their Lordships accepted the view expressed by the full Bench in B. R. Gupta Vs. Union of India (supra) and upheld the declaration issued under section 6 of the Act and dismissed the appeals preferred by the land owners. In this judgment, their Lordships of the Supreme Court observed that ratio of that judgment had no application to these cases and also that unless Section 6 is quashed in toto, it would not operate as if the entire declaration requires to be quashed and held as under :- but it is seen that the Division Bench confined the controversy to the quashing of the declaration under Section 6 in respect of the persons qua the writ petitioners before the Division Bench. Therefore, the benefit of the quashing of the declaration under section 6 6 by the Division Bench does not enure to the appellants. ( 33 ) THE above view was reiterated by the Supreme Court in the case of Delhi administration Vs. Therefore, the benefit of the quashing of the declaration under section 6 6 by the Division Bench does not enure to the appellants. ( 33 ) THE above view was reiterated by the Supreme Court in the case of Delhi administration Vs. Gurdip Singh Uban (supra) as well as in the second judgment of the Supreme Court with the same title reported as Delhi Administration Vs. Gurdip singh Uban (Review Application) (2000) 7 SCC 296 . In the first judgment, it was stated that the persons who have filed no objections under section 5-A, during the acquisition proceedings they could not even be allowed to contend that section 5-A inquiry was bad and therefore declaration under section 6 must be struck down. Further it was also held that petitioners cannot be permitted to contend that in some other cases the notifications were quashed and that such quashing would also enure to the benefit of the petitioners. In the second judgment which was necessitated as a result of review applications being filed by the petitioners/review applicants taking up all the grounds which have been urged before us, of course, without pleading the same in the writ petition. The Supreme Court while reiterating, its earlier view in abhey Ram and Kuldip Singh Uban cases further noticed in its judgments the fact that the Supreme Court was told that among the writ petitions which were more than 70, there were some, where petitioners had not filed objections which obviously means some others had filed objections. Declining to hold that the order of the division Bench in Balak Ram Gupta's case would effect the entire notification, the view expressed in Abhey Ram (supra) was followed and accepted in preference to sudan Singh (supra ). In paragraph 48 of Gurdip Singh Uban's case, their Lordships of the Supreme Court referred to the plea taken in relation to the non-application of mind by the Lt. Governor regarding objections filed by the objectors under section 5- a and particularly of Village Chattarpur, referred to the following observations of the division Bench judgment in Balak Ram Gupta's case (supra) :- similar orders are passed in relation to all the eleven villages as if there was a prescribed pre forma. Section 6 (1) requires that the appropriate Government, in this case Administrator/lt. Section 6 (1) requires that the appropriate Government, in this case Administrator/lt. Governor of Delhi should consider the report under Section 5- a. After consideration he has to satisfy himself that particular land is needed for the public purpose. The consideration of the report including the objections of the objectors must be based on facts disclosed in the order. (emphasis supplied) ( 34 ) IT may also be noticed here that the very noting of the Lt. Governor in the present cases was referred to by the Supreme Court in the case of Gurdip Singh (supra) and the finding of the Division Bench that 'satisfaction without stating any reason will be mindless exercise of power under section 6 of the Act' was also noticed by their Lordships and whereafter they held as under :- in our view, the above observations of the Division Bench do not lay down the law correctly and in fact run counter to earlier decisions of this Court. In Ganga bishnu Swaika Vs. Calcutta Pinjrapole Society the words used were that the governor is satisfied that the land is needed for a public purpose. It was argued that the said words did not ex facie show satisfaction fo the Government which was a condition precedent. It was argued that the amendment by Act 38 of 1923 omitted the word appears and used the word satisfied instead. Even so, this Court held that the law before the amendment, and thereafter was the same. It was held that section 6 specified the manner in which the declaration should be made and if it was so made, it was conclusive. It was held that it was not necessary that the notification should even refer to the satisfaction. If the satisfaction was challenged, it would be sufficient if such satisfaction is proved by producing the record on the basis of which the section 6 declaration was issued. Therefore, the argument that section 6 declaration must contain reasons or refer to the objections for every particular land, is not correct. Again in Ratilal Shakarabhai Vs. State of Gujrat the plea that the Government had not applied its mind was rejected by this Court in the following circumstances. The Court observed. (SCC p. 226, para 9 ). Therefore, the argument that section 6 declaration must contain reasons or refer to the objections for every particular land, is not correct. Again in Ratilal Shakarabhai Vs. State of Gujrat the plea that the Government had not applied its mind was rejected by this Court in the following circumstances. The Court observed. (SCC p. 226, para 9 ). Before issuing that notification (i. e. section 6), there was an inquiry under section 5-A. The Government had issued that notification after examining the record submitted by the officer concerned. There is no material on record from which we can reasonably come to the conclusion that the Government had acted blindly in issuing that notification. 50. No reasons or other facts need be mentioned in the section 6 declaration on its face. If the satisfaction is challenged in the Court, the Government can show the record upon which the Government acted and justify the satisfaction expressed in section 6 declaration. ( 35 ) IN addition to the above, their Lordships of the Supreme Court also noticed and concluded that observations made in Balak Ram Gupta's case (supra) cannot be accepted and further that the rest of the land not covered by 73 writ petitioners (Balak Ram Gupta's case -Division Bench judgment) or even where no objections are filed under section 5-A could not be said to be vitiated because the objections filed in certain other cases were not properly considered by the Officer and relief was granted to these petitioners. ( 36 ) IT is evident from the above discussion that larger number of writ petitions have been dismissed by the Courts and particularly after pronouncement of the judgment of the Supreme Court in the cases of Gurdip Singh and Abhey Ram (supra) even recently in the Sunil Nagpal's case (supra) number of writ petitions were dismissed by another Division Bench of this Court. Wherever the petitioners have been granted relief by different Division Bench of this Court, it has been primarily by following the judgment of the Division Bench in Balak Ram Gupta's case (supra) and prior to the pronouncement of the judgment of the Supreme Court in the above referred cases. Even if one was to accept the contentions raised on behalf of the petitioners, in my opinion, the petitioners are not entitled to any relief in the facts and circumstances of the present case. Even if one was to accept the contentions raised on behalf of the petitioners, in my opinion, the petitioners are not entitled to any relief in the facts and circumstances of the present case. ( 37 ) ON the basis of the additional affidavit filed by the respondents as well as the records produced subsequent thereto, but during the course of hearing following facts were brought to the notice of the Court in relation to the status of the objections filed by the objectors in different villages. I may also notice here that some of the petitions in relation to the same villages might have been subject matter of other cases as well. For instance, in the case of Chattarpur, there are only 20 petitions before the court, while as per report of the respondents 380 objections have been received in regard to the acquisition of the land from the revenue estate of Village Chattarpur. It will be appropriate at this stage to refer to the table giving details of number of petitions, objections filed or not in those petitions by the petitioners, so as to appreciate the worth of the contentions raised before us and also to show that bifurcation on any plausible basis may not prove to be in accordance with law. ( 38 ) IN my humble, but considered view, petitioners cannot claim any advantage of the Division Bench judgment rendered in the case of Balak Ram Gupta's (supra) amongst others for the following reasons :- A. THE correctness of the Division Bench judgment in Balak Ram Gupta's case was specifically doubted by the Supreme Court in the case of Abhey Ram (supra) in regard to the enquiry and consideration of objections under section 5-A. Further more in the case of Gurdip Singh (supra), the Supreme Court clearly held as under :- hence the wide observation made in Balak Ram Gupta's case cannot be accepted. Faced with these observations of the Supreme Court, it may not be appropriate to hold that the case of Balak Ram Gupta (supra) holds the field as good law particularly applicable to the facts and circumstances of the present case. More so `judicia posteriora sunt in lege fortiora -Maxim. ' B. THE records produced before the Court do not show that there was no application of mind by the Lt. More so `judicia posteriora sunt in lege fortiora -Maxim. ' B. THE records produced before the Court do not show that there was no application of mind by the Lt. Governor to the reports submitted to him by the Collector under section 5-A of the Act. The order of the Lt. Governor as afore-referred clearly shows that he had applied his mind to the material placed before him. The satisfaction to be recorded by the Lt. Governor is again a subjective satisfaction and the High Court in exercise of its powers under Article 226 of the constitution of India would not sit as a Court of appeal over such subjective satisfaction recorded by the Lt. Governor. C. THERE is no pleading whatsoever in the writ petitions challenging the procedural or other infirmities in the inquiries conducted by the Land Acquisition collector under section 5-A of the Act except a balled statement that petitioners had filed objections. It is nowhere stated in the petition as to how there was violation of principle of natural justice; or that the objectors were denied right of hearing and to what extent, if any, prejudice has been caused to the petitioners. Such pleas essentially must be taken up with specific averments in the writ petitions as one who wishes to claim a benefit, must also carry the burden. D. IN the reports submitted by the Collector under section 5-A of the Act, the objections raised by the objectors have been discussed. The objections are primarily of a general nature and are not personal to person or land. Thus, in any case, the distinction between the petitioners where the persons who have not filed objections under section 5-A are debarred from questioning the correctness of the inquiry proceedings while in the ones who have filed objections, their case has no substance whatsoever particularly in face of the record produced before the Court during the course of hearing. This, in fact, was even contended on behalf of the petitioners as aforenoted that the benefit, if any available to the class of persons who have filed objections should enure to the benefits of the persons who did not file objections. This, in fact, was even contended on behalf of the petitioners as aforenoted that the benefit, if any available to the class of persons who have filed objections should enure to the benefits of the persons who did not file objections. If it is true than the converse would also be true, as the objections are of a general nature in regard to public purpose, Planned Development of Delhi, Master plan and deprivation of likelihood and no benefit would accrue to any person once largest section of them, have failed on one ground or the other. E. IT is a settled canon of law that public interest normally should get precedence over the private interest. Now number of petitions have been dismissed in relation to the same notifications and there are large number of persons who have not filed objections under section 5-A of the Act. Acceptance of objections, which as already stated, are without any substance, would even further frustrate or cause impediments in achieving of the public purpose namely Planned Development of delhi. The fine distinction drawn between two clases based on niceties of imagination of the objectors are apparently contrary to the records which reasonably demonstrate the adherence to principles of natural justice and statutory provisions including section 5-A of the Act. ( 39 ) THOUGH at the cost of repetition, but concise reference to the case law may be more helpful in concluding this judgment. The challenge of the petitioners to section 4 notification acquiring the vast parcels of lands in number of villages was rejected by the Division Bench of this Court in Munni Lal Jain's case, still a further challenge to the declaration under section 6 on various grounds including delay was not accepted by the Full Bench of this Court in Balak Ram Gupta's case (supra ). The division Bench judgment in Balak Ram Gupta's case was held to be a law correctness of which was opened to question and the general application of the judgment was held to be not proper by the Supreme Court in Abhey Ram's case (supra) and in both the judgments of Supreme Court in the case of Gurdip Singh Uban (supra ). Mr. Mr. Lekhi, learned Senior Advocate, appearing on behalf of the petitioner vehemently submitted that judgment of the Supreme Court in the case of Gurdip Singh Uban was not laying down the correct law and in fact the said judgment was not inconsonance with the basic principles of law. While relying upon the judgment of the Calcutta High Court in the case of Gujju Lall Vs. Fatteh Lall ILR 6 Cal. 172, it was further argued that the distinction between short order, rule absolute and rule nisi as discussed in Gurdip Singh's case was not correct even in terms of p. Ramanatha Aiyar's The Law Lexicon and as such the reliance should not be placed by this Court upon those judgments. It is not for this Court to entertain any of such submissions. Suffice it to note that the judgment of the Supreme Court does not, apparently, fall in any of the exceptions to the principle of precedence. The judgment is neither per inqurium nor can be said to be not applicable to the facts and circumstances of the present case on the basis of ratio desendie. The judgments afore indicated relate to the same notifications, villages and persons of the same villages. Laying a law, contrary to the judgments afore referred, would certainly be offending the basic principles of judicial discipline and propriety. ( 40 ) LASTLY, it was contended that the judgment of the Supreme Court by the five Judges Bench in the case of Padma Sundara Rao (Dead) and Ors Vs. State of T. N. and Ors. (2002) 3 SCC 533 alters the entire legal principles enunciated by the supreme Court in Gurdip Singh and Abhey Ram's cases and various other judgments of this Court which have relied thereupon. This argument is certainly without any merit. In Padma Sundara Rao (Dead) and Ors (supra), the Court was not concerned with the validity of the acquisition much less acquisition of land arising from the present notification. In fact, this argument need not detain me any further as I would fully endorse and abide by the view taken by another Division Bench of this Court in the case of Sunil Nagpal's case (supra) in relation to this issue wherein the Court held as under :- the next question is whether the five judge decision of the Supreme court in Padma Sundara Rao has impacted the law on the issue. In that decision, the issue considered was formulated thus: the controversy involved lies within a very narrow compass, that is, whether after quashing of notification under Section 6 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (hereinafter referred to as the Act) fresh period of one year is available to the state Government to issue another notification under Section 6. It would be immediately apparent that the Court was not concerned with the validity of the declaration under Section 6, in the context of the proviso, and applicability of the Explanation. The court was seized of a situation where the declaration itself was quashed, and the question was whether a fresh period of one year was permissible from the date of quashing of the declaration. The court, ( at pages 541-42, SCC reports) concluded that: 14. While interpreting a provision the court only interprets the law and cannot legislate it. If a provision of law is misused and subjected to the abuse of process of law, it is for the legislature to amend, modify or repeal it, if deemed necessary. (See rishabh Agro Industries Ltd. v. P. N. B. Capital Services Ltd. 14) The legislative casus omissus cannot be supplied by judicial interpretative process. Language of Section 6 (1) is plain and unambiguous. There is no scope for reading something into it, as was done in Narasimhaiah case1. In Nanjudaiah case4 the period was further stretched to have the time period run from date of service of the High Court s order. Such a view cannot be reconciled with the language of Section 6 (1 ). If the view is accepted it would mean that a case can be covered by not only clause (i) and/or clause (ii) of the proviso to Section 6 (1), but also by a non-prescribed period. Same can never be the legislative intent. 15. Two principles of construction one relating to casus omissus and the other in regard to reading the statute as a whole - appear to be well settled. Same can never be the legislative intent. 15. Two principles of construction one relating to casus omissus and the other in regard to reading the statute as a whole - appear to be well settled. Under the first principle a casus omissus cannot be supplied by the court except in the case of clear necessity and when reason for it is found in the four corners of the statute itself but at the same time a casus omissus should not be readily inferred and for that purpose all the parts of a statute or section must be construed together and every clause of a section should be construed with reference to the context and other clauses thereof so that the construction to be put on a particular provision makes a consistent enactment of the whole statute. This would be more so if literal construction of a particular clause leads to manifestly absurd or anomalous results which could not have been intended by the legislature. An intention to produce an unreasonable result, said Danckwerts, L. J. , in Artemiou v. Procopiou15 (at All ER pp. 544-I), is not to be imputed to a statute if there is some other construction available. Where to apply words literally would defeat the obvious intention of the legislation and produce a wholly unreasonable result, we must do some violence to the words and so achieve that obvious intention and produce a rational construction. [per Lord Reid in Luke v. IRC16 where at AC p. 577 he also observed: (All ER p. 664-I) This is not a new problem, though our standard of drafting is such that it rarely emerges. ] 16. The plea relating to applicability of the stare decisis principles is clearly unacceptable. The decision in K. Chinnathambi Gounder8 was rendered on 22-6-1979 i. e. much prior to the amendment by the 1984 Act. If the legislature intended to give a new lease of life in those cases where the declaration under Section 6 is quashed, there is no reason why it could not have done so by specifically providing for it. The fact that the legislature specifically provided for periods covered by orders of stay or injunction clearly shows that no other period was intended to be excluded and that there is no scope for providing any other period of limitation. The fact that the legislature specifically provided for periods covered by orders of stay or injunction clearly shows that no other period was intended to be excluded and that there is no scope for providing any other period of limitation. The maxim actus curiae neminem gravabit highlighted by the Full Bench of the Madras High Court has no application to the fact situation of this case. ( emphasis supplied) a careful analysis of the above extracts, which constitute the reasoning for the decision disclose that the court kept in mind that judicial interventions in acquisition proceedings were provided for expressly in some situations, as in the case of the Explanation, where the periods of stay were to be excluded while reckoning the time under Section 6. However, the absence of any mention of such intervention in such cases, specifically ruled out the extension of the logic of the Explanation to other situations. In other words, the court held that the situation where a declaration was quashed and the issue of whether a fresh declaration could be made within one year, was a deliberate casus omissus which the courts could not fill through the interpretative process. The overruling of the previous decision in the Narasimhaiah case was in that context. The Court was not interpreting the effect of the Explanation and construing whether interim orders in one case could apply to the entire acquisition. The Court was concerned with a situation arising after Section 6 declaration was quashed. In view of the above, we are of the opinion that the over-ruling of the Narasimhaiah case or the Nanjundaiah case ( which were referred to in Uban-I) in Padma Sundara rao cannot lead to the conclusion that those two decisions, dealing with the same notifications and declarations, were impliedly overruled. As noted earlier, the decision of the Full Bench, as well as the judgments in Abhey Ram, Uban-I and uban-II constitute law under Article 141, which cannot be ignored by us. In a somewhat similar situation, when a High Court chose to ignore the decision of its Full bench, which had been endorsed by the Supreme Court, preferring to follow a later judgment of the Supreme Court, it was held ( in Shyamaraju Hegde v. U. Venkatesha bhat12) that: judicial propriety warrants that decisions of this Court must be taken as wholly binding on the High Courts. That is the necessary outcome of the tier system. We may briefly refer to the observations of the Lord Chancellor in Cassell and Co. Ltd. v. Broome 1972 (1) All ER 801, where the Lord Chancellor administered a warning by saying:. . . I hope it will never be necessary to say so again, that, in the hierarchical system of courts which exists in this country, it is necessary for each lower tier, including the court of Appeal, to accept loyally the decisions of the higher tiers. This has been approved by this Court on more than one occasion. Added to the above is the provision of Article 141 of the Constitution which unequivocally states that the law declared by this Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India. In the facts and circumstances of the case, the High Court should not have taken onto itself, the responsibility of saying that its earlier Full Bench judgment based upon a decision of this Court in the circumstances indicated above had lost its binding authority in view of two other judgments rendered in different situations and setting. For the same reasons, we do not agree with the contention that the declaration in Balak Ram-II amounted to judgment in rem and enured in favour of the petitioners. ( 41 ) HAVING dealt with the merits of the various contentions raised on behalf of the petitioners at great length, I dismiss all these petitions, while leaving the parties to bear their own costs. ( 42 ) BEFORE parting with these files, I consider it to be the duty of the Court to direct that the facts should be brought to the notice of Hon'ble the Chief Justice for directing the Registry to take such appropriate measure which would help in better management of the Court and would further the cause of justice. ( 43 ) A copy of this judgment shall also be sent to the Chief Secretary, GNCT of Delhi with a direction that a Committee should be constituted to streamline the administrative functioning of the concerned departments under the provisions of the land Acquisition Act. A time bound schedule should be provided for dealing with acquisition matters particularly where the emergency clauses are invoked by the government and also for proper prosecution of cases before the Courts. A time bound schedule should be provided for dealing with acquisition matters particularly where the emergency clauses are invoked by the government and also for proper prosecution of cases before the Courts. The Chief secretary shall also direct the Secretaries of the concerned departments to ensure that all the cases referred to in this judgment and the record pertaining thereto (including losses of some records) is scrutinised by the competent authority, responsibility is fixed on the erring officer/official and action be taken against them in accordance with law. ( 44 ) THE Chief Secretary shall submit the report to the Registry of this Court within a period of one month from the date of receipt of copy of this judgment. The same shall be placed by the Registry before the Court, for compliance. --- *** --- .