Jheky] lnL;&;g f}rh; vihy Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh] dksVk ds fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 17-1-97 ds fo:} jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1965 ¼la{ksi esa ^vf/kfu;e½ dh /kkjk 224 ds vUrxZr izLrqr dh xbZ gSA ¼2½ la{ksi esa izdj.k ds rF; bl izdkj gS fd orZeku vihykFkhZ la[;k 6 d ifr tx:i us ^vf/kfu;e^ dh /kkjk 188 ds vUrxZr orZeku izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 ls 4 izfroknh flfj;k ,oa jktLFkku ljdkj d fo:} lgk;d dysDVj NcM+k ds ;gka jktLo okn izLrqr dj dgk fd jktLo xzke xqjkMh rglhy NhikcMksn fLFkr vkjkth [kljk uacj 71 jdck 8 ch?kk 13 fcLok oknh ds firk d le; ls oknh ds dCts dkr esa pyh vk jgh gS rFkk Hkw izcU/k foHkx }kjk bl Hkwfe dk ijpk yxku Hkh oknh ds uke gS rFkk bldk yxku Hkh oknh gh vnk djrk vk jgk gSA izfroknh oknh dks tcjnLrh mijksDr of.kZr vkjkth ls csn[ky djuk pkg jgs gS vkSj ;fn oknh mijksDr of.kZr Hkwfe ls csn[ky dj fn;k rks oknh dks vR;f/kd vkfFkZd gkfu gksxh ftldh iwfrZ laHkkfor ugh gSA bl dkj.k oknh izfroknhx.k ds f[kykQ LFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjh gSA vr% oknh ds i{k esa o izfroknhx.k ds f[kykQ mijksDr of.kZr vkjkth ds laca/k esa bl vkk; dh fMØh dh tkos fd izfroknhx.k mijksDr Hkwfe ls oknh dks csn[ky u djsa u oknh dks dkr djus esa vM+pu iSnk djsa u Lo;a o fdlh O;fDr ds lkFk Hkwfe esa izosk djsa u dkr djsA lEeu rkehy gksus ds iper izfroknh flfj;k us tokc izLrqr fd;k ,oa okni= esa fy[ks rF;ksa ls badkj fd;k rFkk dgk fd fooknxzLr vkjkth ls vfrfjDr izfroknh dk dCtk geskk ls pyk vk jgk gSA izfroknh tkfr ls pekj gSA fooknxzLr vkjkth ls vfrfjDr izfroknh ds ikl 1 ch?kk 15 fcLok Hkwfe vkSj gS ftls oknh gM+iuk pkgrk gSA i{kdkjksa d vfHkopuksa ds vk/kkj ij fopkj.k U;k;ky; us dqy 5 rufd;k dk;e dhA okn ds yfEcr jgrs izfroknh flfj;k us ^vf/kfu;e^ dh /kkjk 183&ch ds rgr ,d izkFkZuk i= fd;k ftl ij vyx ls izdj.k la[;k 40@85 ntZ jftLVj fd;k mDr nkos dk tokc oknh us izLrqr fd;kA fnukad 19-11-85 dks oknh tx:i us izkFkZuk&i= isk dj okn la[;k 417@85 ,o okn la[;k 40@85 dks dUlksfyMsV dj QSlyk djus dk fuosnu fd;kA i{kdkjksa dks lquus ds ipkr~ fopkj.k U;k;y; us muds fu.kZ; fnukad 19-1-88 }kjk oknh dk okn [kkfjt dj fn;k rFkk okn la[;k 40@85 }kjk oknh dk okn [kkfjt dj fn;k D;ksafd flfj;k us tx:i ds dk;eeqdke dks vfHkys[k ij ysus ds fy, dksbZ dk;Zokgh ugh dhA okn la[;k 417@85 esa ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 19-1-88 ds fo:} oknh tx:i ds fof/kd izfrfuf/k;ksa us Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh dksVk ds le{k vihy la[;k 406@94 izLrqr dh ftls mUgksaus muds fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 17-1-97 }kjk [kkfjt dj fn;k ijUrq muds lkFk izfroknh flfj;k d fof/kd izfrfuf/k;ksa dk izkFkZuk&i= vUrxZr /kkjk 183&ch Lohdkj dj fy;k rFkk fookfnr vkjkth ls orZeku vihykFkhZx.k dk csn[ky djus ds vknsk ikfjr fd, ,oa orZeku vihykFkhZx.k ls o"kZ 1997 ls yxku dk 15 xquk izfro"kZ olwy fd;k tkdj orZeku izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 ls 4 dks vnk djus ds vknsk fn,A mDr fu.kZ; o fMØh ls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZx.k us izuxr f}rh; vihy jktLo e.My jktLFkku] vtesj esa izLrqr dhA vihy ds lkFk vihykFkhZx.k us ifjlhek vf/kfu;e] 1963] dh /kkjk 5 dk izkFkZuk&i= e; kiFk&i= Hkh izLrqr fd;kA fnukad 8-12-2005 dks izR;FkhZx.k d vf/koDrk us vihykFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr ifjlhek vf/kfu;e ds izkFkZuk&i= dk tokc izLrqqr fd;k ijUrq mld lkFk fdlh izR;FkhZ dk kiFk&i= izLrqr ugh fd;kA ¼3½ i{kdkjksa ds fo}ku vf/koDrkx.k dks lquk x;kA ¼4½ vihykFkhZx.k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk dk dFku gS fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; us izR;FkhZx.k dk izkFkZuk&i= vUrxZr /kkjk 183&ch vcsV gks tkus ds dkj.k fujLr fd;k Fkk mldh izR;FkhZx.k us dksbZ vihy isk ugh dhA vihykFkhZx.k us izdj.k la[;k 417@85 ¼vUrxZr /kkjk 188½ esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 19-1-88 ds fo:} vihy isk dh Fkh ftlesa izR;FkhZx.k dh vksj ls dksbZ mifLFkr ugh gqvk Fkk vkSj og vihy fnukad 17-1-97 dks fujLr dj nh xbZ D;ksafd vihykFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr vihy fujLr gks xbZ Fkh bl dkj.k vihykFkhZx.k bl Hkqykos esa jg d, fd mud fo:} vihy [kkfjt ds vfrfjDr vU; dksbZ vknsk ikfjr ugh fd;k x;k gSA izR;FkhZx.k us fnukad 16-12-98 dks ekSds ij vkdj tcjnLrh dCtk izkIr djus dh dksfkk dh rks vihykFkhZx. dks ekywe iM+k dh muds }kjk tks vihy izLrqr dh xbZ Fkh mlesa muds fo:} dqN vknsk ikfjr gqvk gSA fu.kZ; dh izekf.kr izfrfyfi ysdj vihykFkhZx.k us vihy isk dh gSA bl dkj.k vihy isk djus esa tks nsjh gqbZ gS mls ekQ fd;k tkos rFkk fe;kn ds laca/k esa 2005 vkjchts 502 ds U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dk lgkjk ysrs gq, dgk fd fe;kn dh vof/k tkudkjh fd fnukad ls ykxw gksxh blfy, mnkj n`f"Vdks.k viuk;k tk;sA vius dFku ds leFkZu esa ,vkbZvkj 1998 ,llh 3222] ,ot 2001 ,llh 1201] vkjvkjMh 1990 i`"B 477 ds U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dk lgkjk fy;kA vihy ds xq.kkxq.k ij cgl djrs gq, vihykFkhZx.k d fo}ku vf/koDrk us dgk fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa d fu.kZ; fof/klEer ugh gSA fooknxzLr vkjkth ij fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vihykFkhZx.k dk dCtk iqjkuk ekuk gSA vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 183&ch ds rgr ds nkok djus dh fe;kn 12 o"kZ gSA fopkj.k U;k;ky; dk drZO; Fkk fd og ;g ns[krs fd izR;FkhZx.k us izkFkZuk&i= isk dj dCtk fnyokus dk fuosnu /kkjk 183&ch ds rgr fd;k og le;kof/k ds vUnj Fkk D;ksafd fopkj.k U;k;ky; us rudh uacj 1 dk fu.kZ; djrs oDr vihykFkhZx.k dk dCtk iqjkuk ekuk gSA fopkj.k U;k;ky; us izR;FkhZx.k dk izkFkZuk&i= vcsVesUV ds vk/kkj ij fujLr f;k ftldks vikLr djkus ds fy, izR;FkhZx.k us dksbZ iz;Ru ugh fd;kA vihy esa izR;k{ksi Hkh isk ugh fd, ijUrq fQj Hkh v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; us csn[kyh dh fMØh ikfjr dj nh tks U;k; ds fl}karks d fojhr gSA vius mijksDr dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksus ,vkbZvkj 1976 cksEcs 341] ,vkbZvkj 1982 bykgckn 474] ,vkbZvkj 1984 e/;iznsk 139 d U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa ij Hkjkslk fd;kA ^vf/kfu;e^ ykxw gksus ls iwoZ vihykFkhZx.k ds firk tx:i crkSj mid`"kd dkr dj jgs Fkks vr% tc vf/kfu;e izHkko esa vk;k rks Lor% gh fookfnr Hkwfe ds [kkrsnkj dkrdkj gks x, rFkk Hkw izcU/k foHkkx us ekQh fjT;we gksus ds mijkUr Hkh fookfnr Hkwfe izR;FkhZx.k dh [kkrsnkjh esa ntZ djus esa Hkwy dhA vius mijksDr dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksus vkjvkjMh- 1991 ist 6 ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar dk lgkjk fy;kA v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; us vihykFkhZx.k dh vihy bl vk/kkj ij fujLr djus esa fof/kd =qfV dh fd vihykFkhZx.k us fMdzh dh udy isk ugh fd rFkk jsosU;w dksVZ usU;wvy ikVZ&II ds fu;e 30 o 46 dh xyr foospuk dhA fopkj.k U;k;ky; us nkok [kkfjt djrs oDr fMdzh cukbZ mls vihykFkhZx.k us v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; esa vihy isk djrs oDr isk fd;k gSA vihykFkhZx.k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk us vkj- vkj- Mh- 1979 i`"B 1 o 2002 vkj- vkj- Mh- i`"B 129 dk lgkjk ysrs gq, dgk fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds fu.kZ; fujLr fd, tkos o vihykFkhZx.k dk okn fMdzh fd;k tkos vihykFkhZx.k dks fooknxzLr vkjkth dk [kkrsnkj dkrdkj ?kksf"kr fd;k tkosA ¼5½ izR;kFkhZx.k ds fo}ku vf/koDrkx.k dk rdZ gS fd izuxr izdj.k esa foyEc dks {kek djus ds fy, vihykFkhZx.k us vius izkFkZuk&i= esa i;kZIr dkj.k ugh crk, gSA vihykFkhZx.k dks fu.kZ; fnukad 17-1-97 dh tkudkjh Fkh vkSj mudk ;g dFku ugh gS fd mUgs fu.kZ; fnukad 17-1-97 dh tkudkjh Fkh vkSj mudk ;g dFku gh gS fd mUgsa fu.kZ; fnukad 17-1-97 dh tkudkjh ugh Fkh bl dkj.k vihykFkhZx.k }kjk fe;kn ds laca/k esa tks dkj.k crk, gS ckn esa lksps fopkjs gS rFkk vihykFkhZx.k dh vihy fe;kn ds fcUnq ij gh [kkfjt dh tkuh pkfg, rFkk vlkekU; foyEc dks {kek ugh djuk pkfg,A vius dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus vkjchts 2004 i`"B 199 ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar dk lgkjk fy;k vkSj fu.kZ; fd;k fd fe;kn ds fcUnw ij gh f}rh; vihy [kkfjt dh tkosA xq.kkxq.k ij cgl esa fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd izR;FkhZx.k }kjk fuosnu fd;k x;k fd vihykFkhZx.k dk ewy nkok dsoy LFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk ds laca/k esa FkkA fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa vihykFkhZ us izkFkZuk&i= fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa fnukad 26-6-87 [kkfjt dj fn;kA mlds fo:} mUgksaus dksbZ pkjktksbZ ugh dh rFkk v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; esa bl fcUnw dks ugh mBk;k bl dkj.k vc bl vuqrks"k dks vihykFkhZx.k }kjk ugh mBk;k yk ldrkA vihykFkhZx.k us v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; esa fMdzh isk ugh fd bl dkj.k v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; us vihykFkhZx.k dh vihy fujLr djus esa dksbZ fof/kd =qfV ugh dh vkSj vius dFku ds leFkZu esa vkj-vkj-Mh- 1984 i`"B 194 o 197 ds U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dk lgkjk fy;kA izR;FkhZx.k izR;k{ksi ds ek/;e ls vuqrks"k izkIr djus ds vf/kdkjh Fks ftls v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; us Lohdkj dj fof/k dh ifjf/k esa dk;Z fd;k rFkk vius mijksDr dFku ds leFkZu esa ,vkbZvkj e/;iznsk 91] ,vkbZvkj 1996 iatkc 228 iSjk 19 ds U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dks izLrqr fd;kA ¼6½ geus i{kdkjksa ds fo}ku vf/koDrkvksa ds rdksZ ij euu fd;k ,oa i=kofy;ksa dk voyksdu fd;k o muds }kjk izLrqr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dk v/;;u fd;kA ¼7½ geus vihykFkhZx.k }kjk foyEc dks {kek fd, tkus ds fy, ifjlhek vf/kfu;e 1963 dh /kkjk 5 ds vUrxZr izLrqr izkFkZuk&i= ij izR;FkhZx.k }kjk fojks/k dh leh{kk dhA ifjlhek fu;eksa dk vfHkzik; ;g gS fd i{kdkjksa ds vf/kdkjksa dks u"V ugh djsa os ;g ns[kus ds fy, vfHkizsfjr gS fd i{kdkj foyEcdkjh pkyksa dk lgkjk ugh ys vfirq kh?kzrk ls viuk mipkj ekaxks ^^ckyd`".ku cuke d`".kkewfrZ ,e^^ ,vkbZvkj 1998 ,l- lh- 3222 ¼supra½ esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS& "It must be rememered that in every case of delay there can be some lapse on the part of the litigant concerned. That alone is not enough to trun down his plea and to shut the door against him. If the explanation does not smack of mala fides or it is not put-forth as part of a dilatory strategy the Court must show utmost consideration to the suitor. That alone is not enough to trun down his plea and to shut the door against him. If the explanation does not smack of mala fides or it is not put-forth as part of a dilatory strategy the Court must show utmost consideration to the suitor. But when there is resonable ground to think that the delay was occasioned by the party deliberately to gain time then the Court should lean against acceptance of the explanation." mDr U;kf;d n`"Vkar ds ifjis{; esa orZeku izdj.k ds rF;ksas ds foys"k.k ls ge bl fu"d"kZ ij igaqprs gS fd vihykaV }kjk izLrqr djus esa gqbZ nsjh nwljs i{k ds vf/kdkjks dks gkfu igqapkus ds m}s; ls ugh fd xbZ gS vfirq vihyk/khu vknsk dh izd`fr ds tkudkjh ds vHkko esa xbZ gSA vr% ifjlhek vf/kfu;e 1963 /kkjk 5 vUrxZr izLrqr izkFkZuk&i= xq.kork ds vk/kkj ij Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA ¼8½ i=koyh ds voyksdu ls Li"V gS fd izR;FkhZx.k }kjk ^vf/kfu;e^ dh /kkjk 183&ch esa izLrqr nkok fnukad 19-1-88 dks [kfjt gqvkA bl fu.kZ; o fMdzh ds fo:} izR;kFkhZx.k us Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vf/kdkjh] dksVk ds ;gka dksbZ pkjktksbZ ugh dhA fopkj.k fopkj.k U;k;ky; us eqdnek uacj 417@85 ¼vUrxZr /kkjk 188½ o eqdnek uacj 40@85 ¼vUrxZr /kkjk 183&ch½ nks izdj.kksa dks dUlksfyMsV djus ds dkj.k ,d tSlh fMdzh cukbZA fMdzh esa nksuksa nkoksa ds uacj vafdr gSA vihykFkhZx.k us Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,o insu jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh] dksVk ds le{k fnukad 17-3-88 dks vihy la[;k 406@94 izLrqr dh vihy ds lkFk vihykFkhZx.k us lgk;d dysDVj NcMk }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 19-1-88 ds fo:} dksbZ izfr&vihy ;k izRk;k{ksi isk ugh fd, ijUrq Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh] dksVk us vihykFkhZx.k dh vihy [kkfjt djrs gq, fuEu vksnk ikfjr fd;k gS ^^vr% vknsk gS fd vihy vihyk.V [kkfjt dh tkrh gSA jsLiksMs.V dk izkFkZuk&i= vUrxZr /kkjk 183&ch jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA fookfnr vkjkth ls vihyk.V dks csn[ky fd;k tkrk gSA vihyk.V ls o"kZ 1977 ls yxku dk 15 xquk izfro"kZ olwy fd;k tkdj jsLiksMs.V la[;k 1 dks vnk gksA dCtk jsLiksMs.V la[;k 1 laHkyok;k tkosA^^ izR;FkhZx.k us dksbZ izfr&vihy ;k izR;k{ksi isk ugh fd;kA bld ckotwn v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us vihykFkhZx.k dh vihy fujLr djrs gq, csn[kyh dk vknsk ikfjr fd;k gS] tks fof/k izfrikfnr fl}kUrksa ds foifjr gSA cukjlh ,oa vU; cuke jkeiky] 2003 ¼1½ Mh- ,u- ts- ,l- lh- i`"B 193 esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us iSjk&13 esas ;g dgk gS fd %& "We are therefore, of the opinion that in the absence of cross appeal preferred or cross-objection taken by the plaintiff- respondent the First Appellate Court did not have jurisdiction to modigy the decree in the manner in which it has done. Within the scope of appeals preferred by the appellants the First Appellate Court could have either allowed the appeals and dismissed the suit filed by the respondent in its entirety or could have deleted the latte part of the decree which granted the decree for specific performance conditional upon failure of the defendant to deposit the money in terms of the decree or culd have maintained the decree as it was passed by dismissing the appeals. What the First Appellate Court has done is not only to set aside the decree to the extent to which it was in favour of the appellants but also granted an absolute and out and out decree for specific performance of agreement to sell which is to the prejudice of the appellants and to the advantage of the respondent who has neither filed and appeal nor taken any cross-objection." ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk cukjlh nkl ,oa vU; ds fu.kZ; ds ifjizs{; esas ge i{kdkjksa ds fo}ku vf/koDrkvksa }kjk izLrqr mPP U;k;ky;ksa ds U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dh foospuk djuk mfpr ugh le>rsA ;g rF; fufoZokn gS fd izfroknhx.k }kjk muds okn la- 40@85 esa ikfjr ds fo:} izFke vihy jktLo vf/kdkjh ds le{k izLrqr ugh dh xbZ Fkh ,slh fLFkfr esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds mijksDr U;kf;d n`"Vkar ds lnaHkZ esa muds i{k esa vihyk.V ds fo:} dksbZ vuqrks"k ugh fn;k tk ldrk Fkk ,slh fLFkfr esa jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh dk vkjksfir fu.kZ; bl lhek rd Li"Vr;k fof/kvuq:i ugh gksus ds dkj.k fujLruh; gSA tgka rd vihyk.V ds okn dks fujLr fd;s tkus ds vknsk dk izu gS gesa gLr{ksi dh vk;drk ugh gSa nksuksa v/khuLFkksas dk okn [kkfjt fd;k gS ftlesa fdlh izdkj dh rF;kRed rFkk fof/kd =qfV gekjs le{k izLrqr ugh dh xbZ gSA ¼9½ vr% ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds mijksDr fu.kZ; ds ifjizs{; esa Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu vihy vf/kdkjh] dksVk }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMdzh fnukad 17-1-97 dks Hkw izca/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh] dksVk us vius fu.kZ; o fMdzh fnukad 17-1-97 esa dgk gS jsLiks.MsV dk izkFkZuk i= vUrxZr /kkjk 183&ch jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA fookfnr vkjkth ls vihyk.V dks csn[ky fd;k tkrk gSA vihyk.V ls o"kZ 1977 ls yxku dk 15 izfro"kZ olwy fd;k tkdj jsLiksMs.V la[;k 1 dks vnk gksA dCtk jsLiksMs.V la[;k 1 dks laHkyok;k tkos^^ bl vak dks fujLr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk vihy [kkfjt djus d laca/k esa ks"k fu.kZ; ;Fkor j[kk tkrk gSA mijksDrkuqlkj vihy vihykFkhZx.k vkafkd Lohdkj dh tkrh gSA ¼10½ fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA