Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd. v. State Consumer Protection Commission, J&K
2005-12-19
Y.P.NARGOTRA
body2005
DigiLaw.ai
1. The Complainant-respondent No.2 insured his house situate at Banna Mohalla Srinagar with the petitioner-company vide policy No.23418/11/91/00426 dated 7.8.1990 for a period of one year i.e. till 6.8.1991 for covering fire risk which included damage on account of terrorists activities. On the intervening night of 8th/9th October 1990 the housing neighboring the house of the complainant were gutted in fire due to militant activity, however, the house of the complainant was saved but on the same day locks of his house were broken open and his property lying in the house was looted. Claiming that he had suffered a loss of more than one lac he lodged a claim with the petitioner-company. The petitioner-company repudiated the claim of the petitioner on 6.11.1990 on the ground that the insurance policy of the petitioner did not cover the damage to his house articles caused by burglary. The petitioner filed a complaint against the petitioner herein before the Divisional Forum constituted under J&K Consumers Protection Act on 25.6.1998. The petitioner took up the stand before the said Forum that the complaint of the petitioner was time barred and therefore was liable to be dismissed. 2. That when the claimant had lodged the claim with the petitioner-company and the same was repudiated on 6.11.1990,there was no provision under the J&K Consumers Protection Act for regulating the limitation for filing the complaint U/S 10 of the Act. It is only by Amendment Act No.XIX of 1997 that a provision in this regard came to be enacted under Sec.18A, prescribing limitation of two years. The Divisional Forum being of the view that in absence of a specific provision in the Act question of limitation was governed by Art.57 of the Limitation Act under which a suit on the policy of insurance could be instituted within three years from the time when claim on account of death or loss was given to or received by the insurer, and repudiated by him held that the complaint of the respondent was time barred, and dismissed the same by its order dated 1.12.1999. 3. Against the order of the Divisional Forum the petitioner filed an appeal before the State Consumers Commission Jammu.
3. Against the order of the Divisional Forum the petitioner filed an appeal before the State Consumers Commission Jammu. In the view of Learned State Commission a complaint filed after 12 months from the date of disclaimer in terms of clause 3 of conditions of the policy would be time barred but dismissal of the complaint was not justified because after the first repudiation of the claim on 6.11.1990 the complainant had made a representation on which his claim was again repudiated on 19.11.1992, the complainant however, again represented and his third representation was rejected on 7.1.1998, as such the complaint being filed on 12.5.1998 was within time for having been filed within 12 months from the date of last repudiation. Learned Commission therefore set aside the order of the Divisional Forum. Aggrieved by the order of the State Commission the petitioner, insurance company, has filed this writ petition, seeking setting aside of the order of the learned State Commission. 4. I have heard the learned counsel for the parties. The contention of Mr.Kapahi learned counsel for the petitioner is that limitation as per policy for filing the petition was 12 months from the date of disclaimer. The claim of the respondent was first time repudiated on 6.11.1990 therefore the complaint of the respondent was clearly time barred. According to him limitation period would not have revived by subsequent rejection of the representations of the complainant. According to him the State Commission has committed serious error of law by holding that limitation would have revived after every repudiation of the claim made through subsequent representations. On the other hand the contention of Mr.Koul, learned counsel for the respondent-claimant, is that once the petitioners on fresh representations of the complainant respondent reconsidered his claim and repudiated it on such repudiation fresh cause of action arises in favour of the complainant and the complainant could file the claim within the period prescribed from the last repudiation. According to him the complaint was within time and learned State Commission was legally correct in holding that the complaint was within time. 5. Undisputedly under clause (3) of the policy the limitation prescribed is 12 months.
According to him the complaint was within time and learned State Commission was legally correct in holding that the complaint was within time. 5. Undisputedly under clause (3) of the policy the limitation prescribed is 12 months. Clause 3 reads as under:- "In no case whatsoever shall the company be liable for any loss or damage after expiry of 12 months from the happening of the loss or damage unless the claim is subject of pending action or an arbitration, it being expressly agreed and declared that if the company shall disclaim liability for any claim hereunder and such claim shall not within 12 calendar months from the date of the disclaimer have been made the subject matter of a suit in a court of law then the claim shall for all purposes be deemed to have been abandoned and shall not thereafter be recoverable hereunder." 6. As already said Art.57 of the J&K Limitation Act prescribes limitation of three years for a suit on such a claim. The question whether period of limitation prescribed by Limitation Act could be curtailed by incorporating such a clause in the insurance policy is not relevant for the purpose of this case. Here the question is when limitation of 12 months or three years, whichever governs the limitation, would start to run. If it is held that it would have started to run from the date of first disclaimer then the complaint of the complainant for having been filed almost after eight years would be clearly time barred as admittedly first disclaimer was made on 6.11.1990. The limitation started to run from first repudiation against the complainant from 6.11.90 undisputedly. Once the limitation starts to run it does not suspend. It can only extend in a case where before expiry of period prescribed for a suit or application an acknowledgement of liability in respect of such property or right is made in writing, signed by the party against whom such property or right is claimed or by some person through whom he derives the title or liability. In such a case U/S 19 of the Limitation Act a fresh period of limitation can be computed from the date of acknowledgement. In the present case limitation after having started to run from 6.11.1990 would have expired on 5.11.1993.
In such a case U/S 19 of the Limitation Act a fresh period of limitation can be computed from the date of acknowledgement. In the present case limitation after having started to run from 6.11.1990 would have expired on 5.11.1993. If taken to be three years in terms of Art.57 of the Limitation Act, and it would have expired on 5.11.1991,taking the same to be 12 months from the date of disclaimer in terms of clause 3 of the insurance policy. Admittedly in the present case the complainant did not file the complaint within any of such periods, so his subsequent representations for lodging the claims and repudiations thereof could not give him a fresh cause of action for having been filed and repudiated after the expiry of the limitation computed from 6.11.1999. 7. The contention of Mr.Koul that on the assurance being extended by the petitioner-company that case of the complainant would be reconsidered he had filed the representations and such representations had been considered and his claim however was repudiated, in such circumstances, according to him, fresh cause of action would have become available to the complainant on every repudiation. I am not in agreement with Mr.Koul. Once limitation period expires after having started to run, it does not get revived by subsequent repudiations of the same claim merely because the complainant represented after the expiry of period of limitation and his claim was repudiated again. In AIR 2002 SC 1210 in the case titled Kerala Agro Machinery Corp. v. Bijoy Kumar Roy, it was held by their lordships as under:- "There is no dispute that the claim petition was barred by limitation. The National Commission has only observed that the delay was due to the assurance given by the dealer to get the defects rectified but surprisingly no letter has been particularly indicated in the order much less within limitation by which liability may have been acknowledged by the appellant. The Commission further observed that at this stage there could not be any question of interference in the order of the State Commission on the point of limitation. There seems to be no justification for negating the plea f limitation with such cursory and passing observations. The question of stage of proceeding has no relevance so far question of limitation is concerned.
There seems to be no justification for negating the plea f limitation with such cursory and passing observations. The question of stage of proceeding has no relevance so far question of limitation is concerned. The claim has been filed beyond the period of limitation say more than four years after defects were pointed out." After holding so their lordships held that the claim of respondent No.1 was not entertainable by the District Consumer Forum being barred by limitation. 8. Learned State Commission seems to have been swayed to hold that fresh limitation had become available to the complainant after last repudiation on fresh representation of the complainant on the basis of the judgment of a Division Bench of this Court rendered in National Insurance Co. Vs Smt.Roopa Rani Koul,VIMA 9/99 in which it stood observed as follows:- "The next contention with respect to repudiation and delay in lodging any complaint is untenable. After communicating the repudiation, complainant rebutted against the same. The matter was reconsidered again and repudiated. If counted from this stage, complaint is within time. The contention is also rejected." 9. In my view the reliance placed by the State Commission on the said authority is clearly misplaced as in the judgment the ratio decendi is not that on every fresh repudiation the fresh period of limitation would start to run. 10. For the aforesaid reasons I am of the view that the order of the learned State Commission dated 22.1.2002 is not sustainable in law, same is therefore, quashed and the writ petition is allowed. The order of the learned Divisional Forum is upheld. Resultantly the complaint of the respondent-complainant shall stand dismissed as barred by limitation. Connected CMPs shall also stand disposed of.