Vijendra (Brijendra) Singh Yadav v. Rajkumari Yadav
2005-07-08
S.S.JHA
body2005
DigiLaw.ai
ORDER 1. This petition is filed against the order passed by Shri Rajendra Mahajan, Additional District Judge Gwalior in Civil Suit No. 16-N03. This order is passed by him and he has signed the order as Special Judge (Atrocities) Gwalior, but he has not mentioned his specific post as Additional District Judge. He has not kept in mind that he is deciding a civil case and not the special case. 2. By this order preliminary issue No.6 has been decided wherein it is held that Datar Singh Yadav has executed a Will at Bhopal on 28.3.1998 in favour of plaintiff and he has further pleaded that a forged Will has been prepared by defendants No.1 to 3. Objection was raised that said Will cannot be examined in the Court unless probate has been obtained. Court while deciding the application has held that only probate Court has right to adjudicate the validity of the Will relying upon the judgment in the case of Chiranjilal Shrilal Goenka (deceased) through LRs. v. Jasjit Singh and others [ (1993) 2 SCC 507 ]. Contrary view has been taken in two judgments that the validity of Will can only be examined in a probate proceedings. Previous judgments of this Court were not considered by the two Single Bench judgments and law settled earlier. Dispute was referred to the Larger Bench and which has been decided in the case of Phool Singh and two others v. Smt. Kosabai and two others [ 1999(1) MPJR 352 ]. Division Bench has referred to various judgments of this Court and other High Courts and has held that in case of two contesting or rival "Wills", which are not covered by section 57(a) and (b) of the Indian Succession Act, obtaining of probate is not compulsory and jurisdiction of the civil Court would not be barred. Division Bench has considered the applicability of Will made by a Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh or Jain, who is residing outside the territories mentioned in section 57(a) of the Indian Succession Act, is not covered by the said Act. In other words, it is not mandatory to get probate of Will by Hindu, who is not residing within the territories mentioned in section 57(a) of the Indian Succession Act. 3.
In other words, it is not mandatory to get probate of Will by Hindu, who is not residing within the territories mentioned in section 57(a) of the Indian Succession Act. 3. Earlier view of this Court was considered by this Court in Lachhman Singh v. Smt. Brishbhan Dulari (1966 MPLJ SN 8), Marwad Saw Mills v. Nemichand (1984 MPLJ SN 6), Chandmal v. Devisingh ( 1982 MPWN 297 ), Shobha Kshirsagar v. Janki Kshirsagar and another ( 1987 JLJ 778 = 1988 MPLJ 28 ) and Ruprao Ranoji v. Ramrao Bhagwantrao (AIR 1952 Nagpur 88) and Ahemad Sio Abdul Latif and another v. Ghisia Hira Teli and another (AIR 1945 Nagpur 237) and Madangopal and another v. Smt. Ramjiwanibai and others [ 1986 JLJ 806 = 1987 CCLJ (MP) 28], wherein it is held that in a case of a Hindu executing a Will in Madhya Pradesh regarding the property situated within the territories of Madhya Pradesh, probate of a "Will" need not compulsorily be obtained, in view of section 213(2) of the Act. Contrary view has been taken in the case of Ram Dutta v. Krishna Datta ( 1987 JLJ 198 ) and in the case of Ramshankar v. Balakdas ( AIR 1992 MP 224 ). It is held that Ramshankar's case (supra) and Ram Dutta (supra) does not lay down correct law. Under section 213(2) probate of 'Will' is applicable to those who are residing within the territories mentioned in section 57(a) of the Indian Succession Act. Punjab High Court in the case of Ram Chand v. Sardara Singh (AIR 1962 Pun. 382), Dr. (Mrs.) Joginder Kaur Malik and another v. Malik Anup Singh (AIR 1966 Pun. 385), M/s. Behari Lal Ram Charan v. Karam Chand Sahani and others (AIR 1968 Pun. 108), Allahabad High Court in the case of Bhaiyaji, Jageshwar Dayal Bajpai (AIR 1978 All. 268), Administrator General, Allahabad v. Dharamvir ( AIR 1997 All. 158 ) and Rajasthan High Court in the case of Mst. Jadav v, Ram Swarup and another AIR 1961 Raj. 40) has taken a view that probate is not necessary in• the light of plain and simple language of section 57 and section 213 of the Act. Contrary view taken in the case of Ram Dutta (supra) and Ramshankar (supra) does not lay down the correct law.
Jadav v, Ram Swarup and another AIR 1961 Raj. 40) has taken a view that probate is not necessary in• the light of plain and simple language of section 57 and section 213 of the Act. Contrary view taken in the case of Ram Dutta (supra) and Ramshankar (supra) does not lay down the correct law. Division Bench of Madras High Court in the case of Namberumal Chetti v. Veeraperumal Pillai and others (AIR 1930 Mad 956) has held that probate need not be taken where disposition does not relate to immovable property in Madras and it is not necessary to take probate of the Will as the disposition did not relate to immovable property Madras. 4. Judgment of Division Bench was referred before the learned Additional District Judge. He held that only probate Court has jurisdiction to decide the question of 'will' relying upon the judgment in the case of Chiranjilal Shrilal Goenka (supra). Chiranjilal Shrilal Goenka died at Bombay and an application for probate of his 'Will' was filed in the Bombay High Court. While probate proceedings were pending, the same dispute relating to properties came before the Delhi High Court and with the consent of the parties Delhi High Court appointed Arbitrator to decide the dispute. In this case apex Court held that even with the consent powers cannot be conferred upon the arbitrator to decide the 'Will'. It is held in para 17 that in this country, jurisdiction can be exercised only when provided for either in the Constitution or in the laws made by the legislature. Jurisdiction is thus the authority or power of the Court to deal with a matter and make an order carrying binding force in the facts. Thus, since the probate proceedings were pending and said Chironjilal died in Bombay, the rival Will could only be examined by the probate Court and not by the civil Court. 5. Learned Additional District Judge while disagreeing with the Division Bench judgment has completely overlooked the law laid down by the Division Bench and without considering the facts of the case has held that Division Bench has overlooked the decision in the case of Chiranjilal (supra). Law laid down by the apex Court is on the different aspect and the question was whether arbitrator has right to determine the question of 'Will'.
Law laid down by the apex Court is on the different aspect and the question was whether arbitrator has right to determine the question of 'Will'. This case again came before the apex Court in the case of Chiranjilal Shrilal Goenka (dead) v. Jasjit Singh [ (2001) 1 SCC 486 ], wherein the question of 'Will' was considered and it was held that in the probate Court execution of 'Will' was not objected and the orders were passed. In the circumstances it was held that the arbitrator had no jurisdiction, to hold that the 'Will' executed by Chiranjilal is inoperative and award requires to be set aside and was set aside because the caveators/defendants conceded execution and genuineness of the 'Will' executed by deceased Shrilal Goenka before the probate Court. 6. It is apparent that learned Additional District Judge has not at all cared to go through the provision of section 57 and section 213 of the Indian Succession Act. The ratio is laid down by the Division Bench that since the "Will" is not executed within the territories mentioned in section 57(a) and (b) of the Act, provision to obtain probate is not mandatory in the light of section 213 of the Act. Section 213 of the Act is not applicable to cases not covered by Clause (a) and (b) of the Section 57. Section 213 provides that this section shah not apply to the cases of 'Will' and shall only apply in the cases of 'Will' made by Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh or Jain where such "Wills" are of classes specified in clause (a) and (b) of section 57. Section 213 relates to grant of probate and this section will not be applicable to the 'Will' executed by Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh or Jain, who are not residing within the territories mentioned in section 57(a) and (b) of the Act. Learned Additional District Judge has not read the provisions and has not considered the ratio laid down by the Division Bench of this Court. It should be kept in mind that the judgment of Division Bench is binding upon the subordinate Courts. Judicial decorum should be maintained by the Judicial Officers.
Learned Additional District Judge has not read the provisions and has not considered the ratio laid down by the Division Bench of this Court. It should be kept in mind that the judgment of Division Bench is binding upon the subordinate Courts. Judicial decorum should be maintained by the Judicial Officers. When ratio of specific question has been decided by the Division Bench of this Court, there was no necessity for him to refer another judgment of Supreme Court in which the question of applicability of section 213 of Indian Succession Act to the persons not covered by section 57(a) and (b) is not considered. Since this question has not been determined by the apex Court, he was duty bound to follow the law laid down by this Court. 7. Even otherwise if he had some doubt about the correctness of judgment he was bound to refer the question under section 113 of the Code of Civil Procedure, though it was not at all necessary. Without examining the facts of the case, great miscarriage of justice has been done by the trial Court in referring to the judgment of apex Court without considering the facts of the case and without reading the Division Bench judgment of this High Court. Judicial discipline demands that if such ocassion arises, the Court should refer the question of law to the High Court for its opinion and should not on its own held that the Single Bench judgment is correct and Division Bench judgment is not correct. From the entire order of the trial Court it appears that trial Court has not at all cared to go through the provisions of the Act and judgment of apex Court and has read some portion of the judgment of apex Court. Division Bench of this Court has decided about the question that it is not mandatory for Hindu to obtain probate and civil Court has jurisdiction to decide the validity of 'Will'. The Division Bench judgment of this Court has not been overruled or set aside by the apex Court. On the contrary, question of said 'Will' which was executed at Bombay was under consideration before the apex Court. Trial Court was bound to follow Division Bench judgment of this Court. It is apparent that trial Court has shirked his responsibility of deciding the validity of Will. 8.
On the contrary, question of said 'Will' which was executed at Bombay was under consideration before the apex Court. Trial Court was bound to follow Division Bench judgment of this Court. It is apparent that trial Court has shirked his responsibility of deciding the validity of Will. 8. In the result, order passed is set aside and it is held that civil Court has jurisdiction to decide the rival 'Wills'. Petition succeeds and is allowed without any order as to cost. Copy of the order be placed before Hon'ble Chief Justice on the administrative side. ......................