Jheky] lnL;&;g f}rh; vihy vUrxZr /kkjk 224 jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e 1955 ¼ftls rRipkr~ la{ksi esa vf/kfu;e kCn ls lEcksf/kr fd;k tk;sxk½ fo:) Hkw izca/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh] vyoj ds fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 27-10-99 ¼vihy la[;k 27@99½ izLrqr dh x;h gSA 2- la{ksi esa izdj.k ds rF; bl izdkj gS fd izR;FkhZx.k@oknhx.k us ,d jktLo okn vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 88 ds vUrxZr bUnzkt nq:Lrh ds laca/k esa U;k;ky; mi [k.M vf/kdkjh] cgjksM+ ds le{k vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds fo:) bl vkk; dk izLrqr fd;k fd vkjkth lkfcd [kljk uEcj 962 jdck 30 ch?kk okds xzke mUVksyh rglhy cgjksM+ esa fLFkr gS ¼ftls rRipkr~ fooknxzLr Hkwfe ls lacksf/kr fd;k tkosxk½ fooknxzLr Hkwfe ds gky cUnkscLr esa [kljk uEcj 1064 jdck 4 gSDVs;j 50 ,;j rFkk [kljk uEcj 1142 jdck 90 ,;j] [kljk uEcj 1143 jdck 24 ,;j cus gSA fooknxzLr Hkwfe iwoZ esa uku flag dh [kkrsnkjh o dCts dkr dh vkjkth Fkh] tks xyrh ls tekcUnh esa xSj [kkrsnkj ntZ dj nh xbZ] ftls nq:Lr dj izR;FkhZx.k dks fooknxzLr Hkwfe dk [kkrsnkj ntZ fd;k tk;sA mDr vkjkth ukuflag us izR;FkhZx.k ds firk dks tfj;s iathd`r foØ; i= fnukad 10-5-68 dks foØ; dj fooknxzLr Hkwfe dk dCtk laHkyk;kA rHkh ls izR;FkhZx.k cgSfl;r [kkrsnkj dkrdkj fooknxzLr Hkwfe ij dkfct gksdj dkr djrs pys vk jgs gS rFkk yxku tek djkrs dk vk jgs gSA izR;FkhZx.k ds i{k esa ukekUrj.k la[;k 35 fnukad 23-8-69 dks Lohdkj fd;k x;k fdUrq mUgsa vHkh rd [kkrsnkjh iznku ugha dh xbZA [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj izkIr djus ds fy;s rglhynkj] cgjksM+ ds le{k izkFkZuk i= Hkh izLrqr fd;k Fkk ijUrq mUgksaus vius vknsk fnukad 7-10-98 }kjk izkFkZuk i= [kkfjt dj fn;kA bl dkj.k [kkrsnkjh ?kks"k.kk gsrq okn U;k;ky; mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] cgjksM+ ds ;gka isk djuk iM+kA mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] cgjksM us mHk; i{k dks lqudj vko;d rufd;kr dk;e djrs gq, izR;FkhZx.k dh lk{; ysdj izLrqr okn dks vius fu.kZ; fnukad 31-3-99 }kjk fujLr dj fn;k] ftlds fo:) izFke vihy izR;FkhZx.k }kjk Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh] vyoj ds ;gka isk dh ftUgksaus vius fu.kZ; fnukad 27-10-99 }kjk vihy Lohdkj djrs gq, mi[k.M vf/kdkjh cgjksM+ dk fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 31-3-99 dks fujLr dj fn;k rFkk izR;FkhZx.k dks oknxzLr Hkwfe dk [kkrsnkj dkrdkj ?kksf"kr dj fn;kA mDr fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh ls vlUrq"V gksdj jkT; ljdkj }kjk ;g f}rh; vihy jktLo e.My jktLFkku] vtesj esa isk dh xbZ gSA vihy ds lkFk vihykFkhZ us ifjlhek vf/kfu;e] 1963 dh /kkjk 5 dk izkFkZuk i= Hkh isk fd;kA 3- mHk; i{k ds fo}ku vf/koDrkx.k dks lquk x;kA 4- vihykFkhZ jkT; ljdkj dh vksj ls fo}ku jktdh; vf/koDrk dk dFku gS fd ;g loZfofnr gS fd izHkkjh vf/kdkjh dksbZ Hkh vihy] ljdkj dh vkKk ds fcuk isk ugha dj ldrkA mlds fy;s lacaf/kr vf/kdkjh ls lgefr ysuh iM+rh gSA izdj.k ls lacaf/kr vfHkys[k dks ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij igqapkus esa le; yx tkrk gSA fookfnr ekeys esa ftyk dysDVj] vyoj us vius vknsk fnukad 7-12-99 }kjk rglhynkj] cgjksM+ dks izHkkjh vf/kdkjh fu;qDr fd;k rFkk fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 27-10-99 ds fo:) jktLo e.My esa vihy isk djus dh Lohd`fr nh xbZA bl chp izHkkjh vf/kdkjh iapk;r pquko esa O;Lr jgus ds dkj.k eq[;ky; NksM+us esa vleFkZ jgs rFkk lkFk gh jkT; deZpkfj;ksa dks izkUr O;kih gM+rky ds dkj.k Hkh eq[;ky; ugha NksM+ ldsaA jkT; deZpkfj;ksa dh gM+rky fnukad 17-2-2000 dks lekIr gqbZ] mlds ipkr~ jktdh; vf/koDrk ls lEidZ dj muds }kjk ekaxs tkus okys vfHkys[k dks miyC/k djkus ds ckn fnukad 22-3-2000 dks vihy isk dh xbZA bl dkj.k vihy dks isk djus esa tks nsjh gqbZ gS] mls ekQ fd;k tk;sA vius dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus vkjvkjMh 2002 i`"B 37] vkjvkjMh 2004 i`"B 167] vkjvkjMh 1998 i`"B 319] vkjvkjMh 1999 i`"B 173 U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dk lgkjk fy;kA vihy ds xq.kkxq.k ij cgl djrs gq, mUgksaus dgk fd xSj [kkrsnkj dks fookfnr vkjkth dks cspus dk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha FkkA muds }kjk tks foØ; fd;k x;k gS] og izkjEHk ls gh kwU; gSA vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 41 ds vuqlkj [kkrsnkj }kjk gh viuk fgr vUrj.k fd;k tk ldrk gS] u fd xSj [kkrsnkj }kjkA vius mijksDr dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus lqjsUnzdqekj ,.M vnlZ cuke xq:nkl flag ,.M vnlZ vkjvkjMh 2001 i`"B 01 U;kf;d n`"Vkar dk lgkjk fy;kA izR;FkhZx.k us fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa vkoUVu o izfrdwy dCts dks nkos dk vk/kkj ugha cuk;k FkkA izfrdwy dk eqn~nk nkos esa mBk;k gh ugha x;kA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us tks ckr vfHkopuksa esa ugha dgh] mlds ijs tkdj u;s fcUnq ij okn dk fuiVkjk dj fn;k] tks dkuwuh n`f"V ls vuqfpr gSA vius bl dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus LVsV vkWQ jktLFkku cuke txnhk vkjvkjMh 1974 i`"B 640 U;kf;d n`"Vkar dk lgkjk fy;kA izR;FkhZx.k us v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k ;g dgha ugha dgk fd mUgsa Lor% gh [kkrsnkjh izkIr gks xbZ] ijUrq v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us vfHkopuksa ls ijs tkdj QSlyk djrs gq, ;g dg fn;k fd izR;FkhZx.k dks [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj izkIr gks x;s] og dkuwuh :i ls xyr gSA vkoUVu vknsk dh ewy@izekf.kr izfrfyfi Hkh isk ugha dh xbZA ek= lEor~ 2022 tekcUnh esa vkoUVu dk bUnzkt gSA izR;FkhZx.k }kjk ;g dguk fd lanfHkZr fjdkMZ miyC/k ugha gS] bl dkj.k isk ugha fd;k tk ldk] lansgkLin izrhr gksrk gSA [kjhnnnkj dk ,MolZ itsku gksrk gh ugha gSA izfrdwy dCts o [kjhn nksuksa dh Inconsistent plea gS] tks ,d lkFk ugha py ldrhA vius dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus vkjvkjMh 1996 i`"B 104 U;kf;d n`"VkUr dk lgkjk fy;kA izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; us rudhokj fu.kZ; ugha fd;k gS] tks vknsk 41 fu;e 31 lhihlh ds izko/kkuksa ds fo:) gSA vr% ;g f}rh; vihy Lohdkj dh tkosA 5- fo}ku vf/koDrk izR;FkhZx.k dk rdZ gS fd fe;kn ds fcUnq ij jkT; ljdkj rFkk vU; fdlh i{kdkj ds laca/k esa fu;ekuqlkj ,d :i ls U;k;ky; dks fopkj djuk pkfg;sA izuxr izdj.k esa foyEc ds i;kZIr dkj.k ugha crk;s x;s gSA udy izkfIr ds ipkr~ Hkh lacaf/kr rglhynkj jkT;O;kih deZpkjh gM+rky esa kkfey Fks] bl dkj.k os rks vihysa isk dj ldrs FksA fe;kn ds fcUnq ij jkT; ljdkj dh vihy [kkfjt dh tkuh pkfg;s rFkk vlkekU; foyEc dks {kek ugha djuk pkfg;sA vius dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksasus vkjvkjMh 1999 ist 152] vkjvkjMh 1999 i`"B 362] vkjvkjMh 2000 i`"B 102] ,vkbZvkj 1998 ,llh 2276] 1997 Mh,uts ¼1½ jkt- vkjvkjMh 1993 i`"B 413] 2000 Mh,uts ¼2½ jkt- 204 ,oa vkjvkjMh 2004 i`"B 761 U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dk lgkjk fy;k vkSj fuosnu fd;k fd fe;kn ds fcUnq ij gh ;g f}rh; vihy [kkfjt dh tkosA xq.kkoxq.k ij cgl esa fo}ku vf/kHkk"k.k izR;FkhZx.k }kjk fuosnu fd;k x;k fd vkoUVu lun ds fcuk gh ;fn gLrkUrj.k fd;k tkrk gS rks og xSj dkwuuh gS u fd void vius dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksasus vkjvkjMh 1989 i`"B 620 U;kf;d n`"Vkar dk lgjk fy;kA jktLFkku Hkw jktLo ¼d`f"k gsrq Hkwfe vkoUVu½ fu;e] 1970 ds fu;e 18 ds vuqlkj vkoUVu izkf/kdkjh dks Loizsj.k ls vkoUVu ds 10 o"kZ ckn [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj ns nsus pkfg;sA U;k;fgr esa vfHkopuksa ls ckgj tkdj Hkh U;k;ky; vuqrks"k ns ldrk gS] pkgs og vuqrks"k ekaxk Hkh ugha x;k gksA izfrdwy dCts ds laca/k esa ;fn dksbZ vfHkopu ugha fd;k x;k gks ijUrq U;k;ky; bl urhts ij igqaps fd izR;FkhZx.k fookfnr vkjkth ij izfrdwy dCts ds vk/kkj ij [kkrsnkjh izkIr djus ds vf/kdkjh gS vkSj U;k;ky; }kjkog vuqrks"k izR;FkhZx.k dks ns nf;k] rks mlesa dksbZ =qfV ugha gSA vius dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksus vkjvkjVh 2002¼1½ i`"B 129 U;kf;d n`"Vkar dk lgkjk fy;kA bl laca/k esa rudh foks"K dk;e fd;k tkuk Hkh vko;d ugha gSA izR;FkhZx.k us vius nkos ds leFkZu esa nLrkost isk fd;s] ftlls izR;FkhZx.k dk nkok lkfcr gksrk gS rFkk v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us fu.kZ; ml nLrkosth lk{; dh foLr`r foospuk djrs gq, ikfjr fd;k gS] tks fof/k vuqlkj gSA vr% vihykFkhZ }kjk izLrqr vihy dks fujLr fd;k tk;sA 6- izR;qRrj esa fo}ku jktdh; vf/koDrk dk dFku gS fd nkos esa vfHkopuksa ds vuqlkj nknjlh nh tk ldrh gSA U;k;ky; }kjk vihy vkSj ls u;s fljs ls u;s vfHkopuksa dks vk/kkj cukdj fu.kZ; ikfjr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA vr% ;g f}rh; vihy Lohdkj dh tkosaA 7- geus nksuksa i{kdkjksa ds fo}ku vf/koDrkx.k dh cgl ij euu fd;k ,oa i=koyh ij miyC/k vfHkys[k dk voyksdu fd;k rFkk i{kdkjksa }kjk izLrqr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dk voyksdu fd;kA 8- geus vihykFkhZ }kjk foyEc dks {kek fd;s tkus ds fy;s ifjlhek vf/kfu;e] 1963 dh /kkjk 5 ds vUrxZr izLrqr izkFkZuk i= ij izR;FkhZx.k }kjk fojks/k dh leh{kk dhA izuxr izdj.k esa foØ; i= fnukad 10-5-68 void gS rFkk jkT;O;kih deZpkfj;ksa dh gM+rky ds dkj.k vihy le;kof/k esa isk ugha dh tk ldhA ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us i;kZIr gsrqd ds laca/k esa dgk gS fd bldk mnkj vFkZ yxkuk pkfg;sA kdqUryk nsoh tSu cuke dqUry dqekjh ,.M vnlZ ,vkbZvkj 1969 ,llh 575 esa mPpre U;k;ky; us ;g crk;k gS fd%& ``the words ``sufficient cause receiving a liberal construction so as to advance substantial justice. dysDVj yS.M ,Dohtsku] vuUrukx ,.M vuknj cuke felst dVh th ,.M vnlZ ¼,vkbZvkj 1987 ,llh 1353½ esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us observe fd;k gS fd%& ``When substantial justice and tecnical considerations are pitted against each other, cause of substantial justice deserves to be preferred for the other side cannot claim to have vested right in injustice being done because of a non-deliberate delay. ifjlhek fu;eksa dk vfHkizk; ;g gS fd i{kdkjksa ds vf/kdkjksa dks u"V ugha djsaA os ;g ns[kus ds fy;s vfHkizsfjr gS fd i{kdkj foyEcdkjh pkyksa dks lgkjk uha ys vfirq kh?kzrk ls viuk mipkj ekaxsA fopkj&foekZ ds ifj.kkeLo:i vf/kfu;e 1963 dh /kkjk 5 ds vUrxZr izkFkZuk i= xq.koRrk ds vk/kkj ij Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gS vkSj vihy dks le;kof/k esa ekudj vihy dks xq.kkxq.k ij fuLrkj.k fd;k tkrk gSA 9- izR;FkhZx.k dk ;g dFku fd fookfnr vkjkth mUgsa vkofUVr gqbZ FkhA fnukad 27-3-99 ds iwoZ mi[k.M vf/kdkjh }kjk vkoUVh dks [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj fn;s tk ldrs Fks ckrsZ vkoUVh us vkoUVu dh krksZ o fucU/kksa dh ikyuk dh gksA izuxr izdj.k esa izR;FkhZx.k us ;g dgh fl) ugha fd;k fd mUgsa vkoafVr Hkwfe ij [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj izkIr gks x;s] u gh mUgksaus ;g fl) fd;k fd mUgksaus bl vkk; dk izkFkZuk i= rglhynkj dks fn;k gks ,oa rglhynkj larq"V gks x;k fd vkoaVh us vkosnu djus dh frfFk rd vkoUVu dh leLr krksZ o fucU/kksa dh ikyuk dhA LVsV vkWQ jktLFkku cuke txnhk vkjvkjMh 1974 i`"B 640 (supra) esa vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd%& Raj. Tenancy Act, Sec. 41 - Gair khatedari rights, not transferable by way of sale - Only khatedari rights are transferable - Mutation in consequence of sale of Gair khatedari rights, set aside. Tenancy Act, Sec. 41 - Gair khatedari rights, not transferable by way of sale - Only khatedari rights are transferable - Mutation in consequence of sale of Gair khatedari rights, set aside. xsanhyky cuke Jherh uksuh ¼vkjvkjMh 1990 i`"B 598½] esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k fd vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 41 ds vuqlkj xSj [kkrsnkj dks vkjkth foØ; djus vFkok gLrkarfjr djus dk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha gSA oknh ftl vuqrks"k dh ekax djrk gS] og mls okni= esa lkekU;r% dfFkr djsxk vkSj ,sls vuqrks"k dk dFku okni= esa LIk"V :i ls gksuk pkfg;sA oknh }kjk ekaxs x;s vuqrks"k ls T;knk vuqrks"k iznku ugha fd;k tk ldrkA tgka rd lkekU; vuqrks"k dk izu gS] U;k;ky; ;fn U;k;fgr esa le>s rks Lo;a ns nsxk] ijUrq og Hkh oknh }kjk ekaxs x;s vuqrks"k ls T;knk vuqrks"k iznku ugha fd;k tk ldsxkA izuxr izdj.k esa izR;FkhZx.k us izfrdwy dCts ds vk/kkj ij dksbZ vuqrks"k ugha pkgk] u bl izdkj dk dksbZ vfHkopu nkos esa fd;k RkFkk u gh bl laca/k esa fdlh rudh dh fojpuk dh xbZA izfrdwy dCts dk vuqrks"k izuxr izdj.k ds rF;ksa ds vuqlkj gekjh lqfopkfjr jk; esa lkekU; vuqrks"k ds vUrxZr ugha vkrkA R. Chandevarappaand Others vs. State of Karnataka and Others (1995) (6) SCC 309) esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS%& ``The question then is whether the appellant has perfected his title by adverse possession. It is seen that a contention was raised before the Assistant Commissioner that the appellant having remained in possessiion from 1968, he perfected his title by adverse possession. But the crucial facts to constitute adverse possession have not been pleaded. Admitteldly the appellant came into possession by a derivative title from the original grantee. It is seen that the original grantee has no right to alienate the land, Therefore, having come into possession under colour of title from original grantee, if the appellant intends to plead adverse possession as against the State, he must disclaim his title and plead his hostile claim to the knowledge of the State and that the State had not taken any action thereon within the prescribed period. Thereby, the appellants possession would become adverse. No such stand was taken nor evidence has been adduced in this behalf. The counsel in fairness, despite his research, is unable to bring to our notice any such plea having been taken by the appellant. Thereby, the appellants possession would become adverse. No such stand was taken nor evidence has been adduced in this behalf. The counsel in fairness, despite his research, is unable to bring to our notice any such plea having been taken by the appellant. bl dkj.k v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk izfrdwy dCts ds vk/kkj ij izR;FkhZx.k dks tks vuqrks"k fn;k gS] og vuqfpr gSA izR;FkhZx.k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk }kjk izLrqr U;kf;d n`"Vkar vYyknhu ,.M vnlZ cuke cksMZ vkWQ jsosU;w ,.M vnlZ ¼vkjvkjVh 2002¼1½ i`"B 129 (supra) = RLW 2002 RJ 147 orZeku izdj.k ds rF;ksa ls fHkUu gksus ds dkj.k ykxw ugha gksrhA 10- izR;FkhZx.k dks vkoUVu dc gqvkA bl laca/k esa fdlh vkoUVu vknsk dh izfrfyfi izR;FkhZx.k }kjk isk ugha dh xbZ gSA vkoUVu vknsk dh izfr vkoUVh ds ikl u gksuk] ewy vkoUVu fjdkMZ dk miyC/k u gksuk ,oa tekcUnh laor~ 2022 esa vkoUVu dk bUnzkt gksuk o lu~ 1968 dk dfFkr cspku vkfn ,sls rF; gS ftuesa vkoUVu] xSj [kkrsnkjh o [kkrsnkjh lkfcr ugha gksrh vkSj u ml vk/kkj ij [kkrsnkjh fn;k tkuk fu;ekuqdwy gh gSaA lqjsUnz dqekj ,.M vnlZ cuke xq:nkl flag ,.M vnlZ ¼vkjvkjMh 2001 i`"B 01½ fcuk lun~ ds xSj [kkrsnkj }kjk Hkwfe ds foØ; dks void ekuk gS bl dkj.k izR;FkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr vthe ekSgEen cuke egkjkt fot; flag vkjvkjMh 1989 i`"B 620 (supra) U;kf;d n`"Vkar ,dyihB }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; izR;FkhZx.k dks dksbZ enn ugha djrkA 11- mijksDr foospu ds vk/kkj ij ;g f}rh; vihy Lohdkj dh tkrh gS o Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh] vyoj ds fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 27-10-99 [kkfjt dh tkrh gS rFkk mi [k.M vf/kdkjh] cgjksM+ dk fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 31-3-99 ;Fkkor j[kk tkrk gSA 12- fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esss lquk;k x;kA