tSu] lnL;-&;g vihy vfrfjä laHkkxh; vk;qä] mn;iqj ds fu.kZ; fnukad 23-6-2004 ds fo:) jktLFkku Hkw jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1956 ¼la{ksi esa vf/kfu;e½ dh /kkjk 76 ds vUrxZr izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 2- izdj.k ds la{ksi esa rF; bl izdkj gS fd ftyk dysDVj fpÙkkSM+x<+ us ekStk fpÙkkSM+x<+ esa gky vkjkth uEcj 3176 jdck 0-06 gsDVj] 3179 jdck 1-32 gsDVj] 3177 jdck 0-16 gsDVj] 3178 jdck 0-16 gsDVj dqy fdrk 4 jdck 1-70 gsDVj Hkwfe izR;FkhZx.k la[;k 1 rk 44 ds uke ls fujLr dj eqjyh/kj th LFkku nsg ds uke ntZ djus dk vknsk fnukad 28-8-2003 dks fn;kA blds fo:) izR;FkhZx.k us vfrfjä laHkkxh; vk;qä mn;iqj ds le{k vihy dh tks fnukad 23-6-2004 dks Lohdkj gqbZA bl vknsk ls O;fFkr gksdj vihyk.V jkT; ljdkj }kjk ;g vihy dh xbZ gSA 3- fo}ku jktdh; vf/koäk dk rdZ gS fd izR;FkhZ esokM+h iapk;r dh vksj ls ftyk dyDVj dks ;g vuqjks/k fd;k x;k fd fookfnr Hkwfe eqjyh/kj th LFkku nsg ds uke ij gksrs gq, mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] fpÙkkSM+x<+ }kjk vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 90ch ds rgr Hkwfe :ikUrj.k vknsk tkjh fd, x;s gS tks fujLr fd;s tkosaA bl ij dyDVj }kjk rglhynkj ls fjiksVZ eaxokbZ xbZ ftlds vuqlkj fookfnr Hkwfe ds lkfcr uEcj 998] 999 o 1005 gksdj;g pkSew[kk egknso LFkku nsg ds uke ij ntZ Fkh tks ckn esa eqjyh/kj egkjkt LFkku nsg ds lkFk gh dksye uEcj 5 esa laxzke flag esgrk dks [kM+enkj xyr ntZ dj fn;k ,oa bl vk/kkj ij ckn esa [kMenkj dks [kkrsnkjh ns nh xbZ ,oa mlus izR;FkhZx.k dks foØ; dj nh tcfd ewfrZ eafnj dh Hkwfe vgLrkarj.kh; gSA vr,o ftyk dyDVj us vknsk fnukad 28-8-2003 }kjk fookfnr Hkwfe dks iqu% eqjyh/kj th egkjkt LFkku nsg ds uke ntZ djus dk lgh vknsk fn;kA fdUrq izR;FkhZx.k us bl vknsk ds fo:) vfrfjä laHkkxh; vk;qä] mn;iqj ds ;gka vihy dh tks fu;e fo:) Lohdkj gqbZA i=koyh esa miyc/k jsdkMZ tekcUnh laor~ 2009 ls 2016 o esokM+ lsVyes.V dh tekcUnh laor~ 1986 ls ;g lkfcr gS fd fookfnr Hkwfe eqjyh/kj th egkjkt LFkku nsg ds uke ij ntZ Fkh ,oa lsVyes.V foHkkx us xyrh ls laxzke flag dks [kM+enkj ntZ dj fn;k ,oa eafnj ewfrZ kkor ukckfyx gksus ls /kkjk 46, jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj ,slh Hkwfe ijiqtkjh ;k vU; dks [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj ugha fn, tk ldrsA vius dFku dh rkbZn esa mUgksaus 1969 vkjvkjMh i`"B 231] 1994 vkjvkjMh i`"B 01 o 1993 vkjvkjMh i`"B 319 dh uthjsa ,oa nsoLFkku foHkkx ds ifji= fnukad 6 ekpZ 2003 dk lanHkZ nsrs gq, vfrfjä laHkkxh; vk;qä] mn;iqj dk fu.kZ; fujLr djus dh ekax dhA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd izR;FkhZx.k fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa ikVhZ ugha FksA vr% vfrfjä laHkkxh; vk;qä dks mudh vihy ij lquokbZ ugha djuh pkfg, FkhA 4- tokc esa fo}ku odhy izR;FkhZx.k dk rdZ gS fd esokM+ lsVyesaV dh tekcUnh laor~ 1986 us fookfnr Hkwfe dkWye uEcj 2 esa Jh pkSeq[kk egknso th LFkku nsg ds uke ij Fkh ,oa dkWye uEcj 3 esa laxzke flag oYn prjflag egkjkt lkfdu mn;iqj esa ^[k* ntZ gSA ^[k* ls vk; [kM+enkj gSA ;g fd 31-3-31 bZ dks ;g Hkwfe pkSeq[kk egknso ds ctk; Jh eqjyh/kj th egkjkt LFkku ntZ gqbZA rRipkr~ tekcUnh laor~ 2009 ls 2012 ,oa vkxs laor~ 2025 ls 2028 rd [kM+enkj bUnzkt pyrk jgkA [kljk uEcj 1000 ls 1003 dk ,d [kkrk uEcj 504 jdck 1-8 ch?kk cuk tks laxzke flag ds [kkrs ntZ gqvk o [kljk uEcj 998] 999] 1004 o 1005 jdck 6 ch?kk Hkwfe yky flag kDrkor ds uke ntZ gqbZ ftls laxzke flag }kjk mudks csph xbZ o bardky la[;k 471 ls ;g VªkalQj fd;k x;kA 5- fookfnr Hkwfe mijksäkuqlkj [kkrsnkjh esa ntZ gksus ij vyx vyx O;fä;ksa dks csph xbZ ftUgksaus /kkjk 90ch vf/kfu;e ds rgr Hkwfe :ikUrj.k Hkh djok fy;kA bl dk;Zokgh ds fo:) jktLo e.My esa vfrfjä dyDVj] fpÙkkSM+x<+ us jsQjsal fd;k tks ekuuh; ,dyihB }kjk Lohdkj gqvkA blds fo:) Lisky vihy e.My dh [k.MihB esa dh xbZ ftlds fu.kZ; fnukad 4-2-92 }kjk vihy Lohdkj gksdj ;g fuf.kZr gqvk fd laxzke flag fookfnr Hkwfe dk [kMenkj gSA izR;FkhZx.k ds vf/koäk dk rdZ gS d [k.MihB dk ;g vknsk vkt Hkh vafre gSA mUgksaus rdZ fn;k fd o"kZ 1947 esa esokM+ {ks= esa dkuwu eky esokM+ ,DV uEcj 5 laor~ 2003 ykxw Fkk ftldh /kkjk 38 esa [kMenkj dh ifjHkk"kk bl izdkj nh xbZ gS& [kMenkj dkrdkj o mlds gd&¼1½ [kM+enkj ;k ckdhnkj dkrdkj mls dgrs gS ftldk uke xkao ds [kljs ;k tekcUnh esa ;k tehu ds iÍs esa mldh tehu ds eqÙkkfyd [kM+enkj ;k ekQhnkj dh gSfl;r ls ntZ fd;k x;k gksA ¼2½ [kM+enkj dks vius [kM+e dh tehu esa uhps fy[ks gd gksaxs& ¼i½ ,slh tehu [kM+enkj ds tkrh dkuwu ;k fjokt ds vuqlkj mlds okfjlksa dks fojklr esa fey ldsxhA ¼ii½ ,slh tehuksa dks cspus] c[khk nsus] jgu j[kus] olh;r nsus oxSjg ds iwjs gd [kM+enkj dks gksaxsA ¼iii½ tgka tehu dk yxku cjkcj vnk djrk jgs [kM+enkj dkrdkj dks csn[ky ugha fd;k tk ldsxkA 6- bl izdkj dkuwu eky esokM+ ,DV ds rgr [kM+enkj dks tehu cspus dk gd Fkk ,oa [kM+enkj laxzke flag }kjk fookfnr Hkwfe dk yky flag kDrkor dks o ykyflag }kjk izR;FkhZx.k dks foØ; fd;k x;k og iw.kZr;k fu;ekuqlkj ,oa lgh gSA mUgksaus ;g Hkh crk;k fd tkxhj fjTeiku ,DV 1952 esa ykxw gqvkA bldh /kkjk 9 o 10 ds vuqlkj tkxhj Hkwfe o [kqndkr Hkwfe esa [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj nsus dk izko/kku fn;k x;k gSA bl n`f"V ls [kM+enkj [kkrsnkj cu x, ,oa /kkjk 15 jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e ds rgr Hkh [kM+enkj dks [kkrsnkjh vf/kfu;e izkIr gks tkrs gSA ;g fd laxzke flag [kM+enkj tkxhj fjT;we gksus ds lkFk gh [kkrsnkj gks x;k ftls izuxr Hkwfe foØ; djus dk iw.kZ vf/kdkj FkkA vius dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus 1985 vkjvkjMh i`"B 298] 1991 vkjvkjMh i`"B 06] 2000 vkjvkjMh i`"B 570] 1989 vkjvkjMh i`"B 106 ds U;kf;d n`"VkUr Hkh m)fjr djrs gq, dFku fd;k fd fookfnr Hkwfe eafnj ds [kqndkr esa ntZ ugha FkhA vr,o [kM+enkj [kkrsnkjh izkIr djus dk gdnkj gSA 7- mUgksaus ;g Hkh rdZ fn;k fd bardky uEcj 471 ds fo:) jkT; ljdkj }kjk jktLo e.My esa jsQjsal fd;k x;k ftlesa [k.MihB us ;g fuf.kZr fd;k fd laxzke flag [kM+enkj gSa ;g fu.kZ; vkfnukad rd vafre gSA ,oa v/khuLFk U;k;yk;ksa ij ck/;dkjh gSA fdUrq ftyk dysDVj us bls ab initio void ekuk o izR;FkhZx.k dks lquokbZ dk ekSdk fn, cxSj [k.MihB ds fu.kZ; fnukad 4-2-92 dks vekU; djrs gq, blds fo:) ekSdk fn, cxSj [k.MihB ds fu.kZ; fnukad 4-2-92 dks vekU; djrs gq, blds fo:) fu.kZ; ikfjr dj fn;k tks v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; ds vknsk dh voekuuk gSA ;g fd mUgksaus [k.MihB ds fu.kZ; ds ctk; nsoLFkku foHkkx ds ifji= fnukad 6-3-2003 dks ekU;rk nh tks 1977 vkjvkjMh i`"B 378] 1988 vkjvkjMh i`"B 254] 1999 vkjchts i`"B 344 esa ikfjr vfHker ds fo:) gS ftlesa ;g dgk x;k gS fd lower Court must obey the order of higher Court, even may be wrong. 8- izR;FkhZx.k ds vf/koäk us ;g rf; Hkh crk;k fd fookfnr Hkwfe dk vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 90ch ds rgr Hkwfe :ikUrj.k gks pqdk gS] uxjikfydk }kjk uDks ikl gks x, gS o ekSds ij edku cu pqds gS ,oa Lo;a ftyk dyDVj us vfrfjä laHkkxh; vk;qä dk fu.kZ; vafre ekurs gq, iqu% fookfnr Hkwfe vizkFkhZx.k ds uke ntZ djus dk vknsk fnukad 23-6-2006 dks dj fn;k gSA blls ;g Li"V :i ls fl) gS fd vfrfjä laHkkxh; vk;qä dk fu.kZ; fnukad 23-6-2006 lgh gSA mUgksaus ;g rF; iqu% nksgjk;k fd ekuuh; [k.MihB dk fu.kZ; fnukad 4-2-92 vafre gksus ls v/khuLFk U;k;ky; mls ekuus dks ck/; gS ftles fookfnr Hkwfe dk laxzke flag dks [kM+enkj ekuk x;k gS ,oa [kM+enkj gksus ij mls tkxhj fjT;we gksus ij jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 15 ds rgr [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj izkIr gks x, gS ,oa bl n`f"V ls foØ; ds vk/kkj ij laxzke flag [kM+enkj ds LFkku ij yky flag kDrkor dk bradky uEcj 471 ls fd;k x;k bUnzkt fu;ekuqlkj gksus ls ;g jsQjsal [kkfjt fd;k tkosA 9- geus mHk; i{kksa ds fo}ku odhyksa dh cgl ij euu fd;k ,oa fjdkMZ dk voyksdu fd;kA 10- jsdkMZ ls tkfgj gksrk gS fd fookfnr Hkwfe Jh eqjyh/kj th LFkku nsg ds uke vafdr Fkh o laxzke flag bldk [kM+enkj ntZ FkkA ;g rF; ekuuh; jktLo e.My dh [k.MihB us fnukad 4-2-92 dks vfHkfuf.kZr fd;k ,oa ;g vkfnukad rd vafre gSA Åij of.kZr isjk 5 ds vuqlkj dkuwu eky esokM+ ,DV uEcj 5 dh /kkjk 38 ds vuqlkj [kM+enkj dks ,slh tehu cspus] c[khk nsus] jgu j[kus o olh;r nsus dk vf/kdkj gSA izuxr Hkwfe ds [kM+enkj laxzke flag }kjk tfj, jftLVªh foØ; fd;k x;k ,oa mlds v/kkj ij bardky la[;k 471 Øsrk ykyflag ds i{k esa Loh—r gqvk og [k.MihB ds fu.kZ; fnukad 4-2-92 ds ifjizs{; esa vafr gksus ls ftyk dyDVj lfgr lHkh v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ij ck/;dkjh gS fdUrq ftyk dyDVj us fnukad 28-8-2003 dks ,drjQk dk;Zokgh ij [k.MihB ds fu.kZ; fnukad 4-2-92 dks vekU; djrs gq, bardky la[;k 471 dks [kkfjt djrs gq, iqu% fookfnr Hkwfe Jh eqjyh/kj th LFkku nsg dh [kkrsnkjh esa ntZ djus dk vknsk fn;k tks 1999 vkjchts i`"B 344 esa ikfjr fu.kZ; ds foijhr gSA ;g fu.kZ; bl izdkj gS& PRECEDENT — Lower Court must obey the order of higher Court. It is obligatory on the part of the lower Court to obey order of higher Court even the order of the higher Court may be wrong. 1977 vkjvkjMh i`"B 378 o 1988 vkjvkjMh i`"B 254 esa ikfjr vfHker Hkh bldk leFkZu djrs gS fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dks mPpÙkj U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; dh ikyuk djuh pkfg,A izLrqr ekeys esa ftyk dysDVj }kjk ,slk ugha fd;k x;k gS vkSj e.My dh [k.MihB ds fu.kZ; fnukad 4-2-92 dh ikyuk djus ds ctk; mls kw; izHkkohekurs gq, mlds foijhr ,drjQk fu.kZ; ikfjr dj fn;k rFkk izR;FkhZx.k dks lquokbZ dk ekSdk Hkh ugha fn;k tks mijksä U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa ls izdkk esa vuqfpr o voS/k gS rfkk dsl ds xq.kkoxq.k ij foospuk dh vko;drk bl Lrj ij mfpr izrhr ugha gksrh gSA [k.MihB ds fu.kZ; fnukad 4-2-92 ls vlger gksus ij blds fo:) ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; esa vihy dh tk ldrh Fkh fdUrq ftyk dyDVj }kjk bldh vuns[kh djrs gq, bardky la[;k 471 dks ,drjQk [kkfjt dj fn;k Fkk muds vf/kdkj {ks= ls ckgj ,oa uSlfxZd U;k; ds fl)kUr ds foijhr FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esa vfrfjä laHkkxh; vk;qä }kjk mls [kkfjt djus dk vknsk fnukad 23-6-2004 lehphu ik;k tkrk gSA 11- mijksä foospu ds vuqlkj ;g vihy cyghu gksus ls [kkfjt dh tkrh gS ,oa ftyk dyDVj] fpÙkkSM+x<+ dk vknsk fnukad 28-8-2003 fujLr fd;k tkdj vfrfjä laHkkxh; vk;qä] mn;iqj dk fu.kZ; fnukad 23-6-2004 ;Fkkor~ j[kk tkrk gSA fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA