eh.kk] lnL;-&;g vihy Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vhiy izkf/kdkjh] ckalokM+k ds fu.kZ; fnukad 28-4-2001 ds fo:) jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 ¼la{ksi esa vf/kfu;e½ dh /kkjk 224 ds vUrxZr izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 2- izdj.k ds rF; la{ksi esa bl izdkj gS fd vihykFkhZ oknh us mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] ckalokM+k ds U;k;ky; esa vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 88 o 188 ds rgr ,d okn xzke] ckalokM+k dh vkjkth [kljk uEcj 813 jdck 2 ch?kk 17 fcLok ds ckcr fo:) izfroknhx.k izLrqr fd;kA ijh{k.k U;k;ky; us mHk; i{k dks lqudj vihykFkhZ dk okn vius fu.kZ; fnukad 19-1-1998 }kjk [kkfjt dj fn;kA blls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZ us jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh ds U;k;ky; esa vihy nk;j dh ftUgksaus vius fu.kZ; fnukad 28-4-2000 }kjk vihy [kkfjt dj nhA blls O;fFkr gksdj ;g vihy e.My ds le{k isk dh xbZ gSA 3- mHk; i{k ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kdx.k dh cgl lquh xbZA 4- vihykFkhZ ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd us viuh cgl esa crk;k fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k okn esa pkj rudh;k;r dk;e dh xbZ Fkh ijUrq izFke vihy U;k;ky; us u rks bu rudh;kr dk dksbZ gokyk fn;k vkSj u gh rudhokj viuh vksj ls fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k tks lk{; izLrqr dh xbZ Fkh] dk foys"k.k dj fu.kZ; fn;k gS tks vknsk 41] fu;e 31 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds izko/kkuksa ds foijhr gSA bl lEcU/k esa mUgksaus vkj-vkj-Mh- 2000 ist 306 dh uthj isk dhA vihykFkhZ ds iwoZ c;kuksa ds vk/kkj ij tks okn [kkfjt fd;k x;k gS og fof/k fo:) gSA 145 lk{; vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr mldks izfr ijh{k.k fd;s fcuk vihykFkhZ dk okn fujLr djus esa fof/kd Hkwy dh gSA nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa us tgka rd rudh la[;k 1 dk fu.kZ; vihykFkhZ ds fo:) fn;k gS og fof/k fo:) gSA vihykFkhZ dk vf/kdkj oknxzLr Hkwfe ij iznkZ 1 olh;rukek fnukad 6-7-1972 ds vk/kkj ij curk gS] ftlesa vihykFkhZ ds LokfeRo ds lEcU/k esa dkys[kka tks oknxzLr Hkwfe dk [kkrsnkj Fkk] us Li"V :i ls vafdr fd;k Fkk fd mlus fnukad 5-1-1972 dks vihykFkhZ ds gd esa oknxzLr Hkwfe dk c[lhl fd;k Fkk ftl ij og dkfct pyk vk jgk gSA dkys[kka oknxzLr Hwkfe dk [kkrsnkj Fkk] ,slh fLFkfr esa fof/k ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj rFkk jktLFkku dkrdkj vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr mldks oknxzLr Hkwfe dks c[lhl djus dk iw.kZ vf/kdkj FkkA /kkjk 41 jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e ds rgr mldk leLr vf/kdkj fof/k ds izko/kkuksa ds vUrxZr VªkUlQjscy FkkA olh;rukek ds lEcU/k esa vihykFkhZ vkSj mlds xokgku~ us Hkyh Hkkafr ekSf[kd lk{; izLrqr dh gSA eqfLye fof/k ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj tks ,d ilZuy ykW gS ds vuqlkj c[khl ekSf[kd :i ls dh tk ldrh gS ,oa /kkjk 147 ds rgr fyf[kr c[khl djuk vfuok;Z ugha gSA ekStwnk izdj.k esa ,fDtfcV ih-1 ls Hkyh Hkkafr fl) gksrk gS fd /kkjk 149] 150 ds vUrxZr ;g Hkh vfuok;Z gS fd mfpr c[khlukek ds fy;s ,d fMDysjsku vkWQ fxV }kjk vko;d gS rFkk fxV dh Loh—fr Mksuh }kjk nsuk Hkh vko;d gS vkSj lkFk lkFk c[khl dh xbZ lEifÙk dk dCtk nsuk Hkh vko;d gS vkSj ;s rhuksa rRo lkfcr gksrs gS rks c[khl fof/kor~ gSA vihykFkhZ us viuh ekSf[kd lk{; ls bl lUnHkZ esa leLr rhuksa vfuok;Z rkfRod vax dh iwfrZ fd;s tkus ds dkj.k ,fDtfcV ih-1 ftdh olh;rukek lEiqf"V djrk gS] dkys[kka }kjk oknxzLr Hkwfe vihykFkhZ dks c[khl djuk iw.kZ :i ls fl) gksrk gSA vihykFkhZ }kjk izLrqr lk{; u dsoy fufoZokn gS] cfYd v[kf.Mr gS D;ksafd izfroknh deyk ftlds i{k esa dkys[kka }kjk c[khlukek fu"ikfnr djus ds ipkr~ 5-1-1972 dks c[khlukek ds ipkr~ u rks dkys[kka oknxzLr Hkwfe ij dkfct FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esa mlds }kjk fnukad 7-2-1975 dks u rks oknxzLr Hkwfe dks iqu% gLrkUrfjr djus dk dksbZ vf/kdkj] LokfeRo o vkf/kiR; mlds ikl cpk Fkk vkSj u gh fnukad 7-2-1975 dks deyk nsoh dk oknxzLr Hkwfe ij dkys[kka dCtk djok ldrk Fkk vkSj u dCtk fn;kA bu rF;ksa dks tks fufoZokn Fks] fopkj.k U;k;ky; o izFke vihyh; ;k;ky; us rudh ua-1 dk fu.kZ; djrs oä u rks /;ku esa j[kk vkSj u gh bl lEcU/k esa ekSf[kd lk{; dk lgh :i ls foys"k.k dj mldks ,izhfl;sV fd;k cfYd lk{; dks feljhM dj vihykFkhZ ds fo:) fu.kZ; ikfjr djus esa fof/kd Hkwy dh gSA 5- vihykFkhZ ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd us viuh cgl esa ;g Hkh crk;k fd pwafd dkys[kka [kkrsnkj Fkk vkSj eqfLye ykW ds vuqlkj c[khl ekSf[kd Hkh dh tk ldrh Fkh vkSj dCtk nsuk vfuok;Z Fkk tks ,fDtfcV ih-1 ls Hkyh Hkkafr lkfcr gksrk Fkk fd c[khl djrs oä dkys[kka us oknxzLr Hkwfe dk dCtk vihykFkhZ dks ns fn;k Fkk vihykFkhZ oknxzLr Hkwfe ij dkfct Hkh pyk vk jgk Fkk vkSj okn ds fnu rd ml ij dkfct FkkA jsdkMZ ij miyC/k lk{; ls ;g Hkyh Hkkafr fl) gksrk gS fd oknxzLr Hkwfe ij vihykFkhZ }kjk lkr dywiksk edku cuk;s x;s Fks tks ekSds ij ekStwn gSA ftldh lEiqf"V esa Hkh vihykFkhZ us QksVksxzkQ Hkh izLrqr fd;s Fks] ftl ij Hkh fopkj.k U;k;ky;us fopkj ugha fd;kA nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa us bl lEcU/k esa /kkjk 54 lEifÙk gLrkUrj.k vf/kfu;e ,oa /kkjk 41] 42 jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa ds vUrxZr c[khlukek iath—r gksuk vfuok;Z ekudj fu.kZ; ikfjr djus esa fof/kd =qfV dh gSA vius i{k ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1953 dydÙkk 206] vkj-vkj-Mh- 1994 ist 280] vkj-vkj-Mh- 1996 ist 393] vkj-,y-MCY;w- 1961 ist 16] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1982 mM+hlk 189] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1981 ckWEcs ist 1] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1994 ,l-lh- 227] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1993 bykgkckn 202 dh uthjsa isk dhA 6- izR;FkhZ ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd us viuh cgl esa crk;k fd vihykFkhZ dh eq[; cgl c[khlukek fnukad 5-1-1972 o olh;rukek fnukad 6-7-1972 ij vk/kkfjr gSA eqfLye fof/k d vuqlkj c[khl ekSf[kd Hkh gks ldrh gS ftldk iath;u gksuk vko;d ugha gS] gekjk dFku gS fd olh;rukek fnukad 6-7-1972 esa c[khlukek fnukad 5-1-1972 dk gokyk gS fd og fyf[kr gSA c[khlukek vuqlkj rhu eq[; ckrsa gksuk vko;d gS rHkh og oS/k c[khl gksxhA izFke ?kks"k.kk f}rh; vuqefr nsuk r`rh; dCtk izkIr djukA izLrqr izdj.k esa dCts ckcr~ dksbZ lcwr izLrqr ugha fd;s x;s gSA tcfd dCtk vko;d rRo gS tSlk fd ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1939 cksEcs ist 449 esa mPp U;k;ky; us O;oLFkk nh gSA vihyk.v dk nkok jktLfkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 88 ,oa 188 ds rgr gSA ;g nhokuh okn ugha gSA jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e esa ?kks"k.kk /kkjk 13] 15 ,o 119 ds rgr gh nh tk ldrh gS blds vHkko esa nkok iks"k.kh; ugha gSA tSlk fd vkj-vkj-Mh- 1996 ist 273 esa O;oLFkk nh xbZ gSA oknh vihyk.V dk okn /kkjk 88 ,oa 188 jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e ds rgr gS /kkjk 188 ds rgr dCtk o 88 ds rgr ?kks"k.kk dk vk/kkj lkfcr djuk gksxkA i=koyh esa ,slk dksbZ lk{; ugha gS fd dCts esa gks rFkk ?kks"k.kk dk vk/kkj D;k gSA fcuk dCtk ?kks"k.kk dh vkKfIr ugha nh tk lrhA vius dFku ds leFkZu esa vkj-vkj-Mh- 1989 ist 527] 774 dh uth isk dhA tgka rd vknsk 41 fu;e 31 ds rgr rudhokj fu.kZ; ikfjr djus dk izu gS ;g vfuok;Z ugha gS bl lEcU/k esa Mh-,u-ts- 1999 ist 34 dh uthj isk dhA tgka rd cspkuukesa dk izu gS mls nhokuh U;k;ky; ls izHkkokwU; djk;k tk ldrk gSA oknh vihyk.V ds dCts ds vHkko esa c[khlukek gh kwU; gSA foØ; i= jftLVMZ gSA dCtk nsuk fy[kk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa f}rh; vihy [kkfjt dh tkuh pkfg;sA 7- geus mHk; i{k ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kdx.k dh cgl ij euu fd;k ,oa i=koyh dk voyksdu fd;kA 8- bl izdj.k esa mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] ckalokM+k us vius fu.kZ; fnukad 10-10-2000] ds }kjk oknh vihyk.V dk nkok [kkfjt fd;k gSA bldh vihy jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh ds U;k;ky; esa gksus ij mUgksaus vius fu.kZ; fnukad 28-4-2000 }kjk mi[k.M vf/kdkjh ds fu.kZ; dks ;Fkkor~ j[krs gq;s vihy [kkfjt dh gSA nksuksa gh v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds fu.kZ;ksa ds voyksdu ls ge bl fu"d"kZ ij igq¡ps gS fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k tks pkj rudh;kr dk;e dh xbZ Fkh muds lEcU/k esa jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh us rudhokj fu.kZ; ikfjr ugha fd;k gS tks fd vknsk 41 fu;e 31 lh-ih-lh- ds izko/kkuksa ds foijhr gSA ge vihyk.V ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dh bl nyhy ls Hkh lger gS fd bl izdj.k esa vihyk.V ds iwoZ c;kuksa ds vk/kkj ij tks okn [kkftj fd;k x;k gS og voS/kkfud gS D;ksafd iwoZ ds c;ku dks vk/kkj ekudj fu.kZ; ikfjr ugha fd;k tk ldrk oju~ xokg ds U;k;ky; ds le{k lk{; vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj xokg ds :i esa mifLFkr gksdj c;ku fy;s tkus pkfg;s ,oa ØkWl ,Dtkfeusku fd;k tkuk t:jh gS tSlk fd /kkjk 145 lk{; vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa ls Li"V gSA /kkjk 33 lk{; vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj thfor O;fä ds iwoZ ds c;kuksa dks Hkh jsdkMZ ij ugha fy;k tk ldrkA xokg dk foVusl ckWDl esa mifLFkr gksuk vko;d gSA 9- bl izdj.k esa lcls egÙoiw.kZ dkuwuh fcUnw ;g Hkh gS fd nksuksa gh v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa us rudh ua-1 dk fu.kZ; vihyk.V ds fo:) dkuwuh izko/kkuksa ,oa miyC/k lk{; ds vuq:i ugha fd;k x;k gSA bl vihyk.V ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dh bl nyhy ls lger gSa fd vihyk.V dk vf/kdkj iznkZ 1 olh;rukek fnukad 6-7-1972 ds vk/kkj ij curk gS ftlesa vihyk.V ds LokfeRo ds lEcU/k esa dkys[kka tks fd fooknxzLr Hkwfe dk ewy [kkrsnkj Fkk us Li"V :i ls vafdr fd;k gS fd fnukad 5-1-1972 dks vihyk.V ds gd esa fooknxzLr Hkwfe dh olh;r dh Fkh ftl ij og dkfct pyk vk jgk gS rFkk dkys[kka us fooknxzLr Hkwfe dh c[khl dj vius leLr vf/kdkj NksM+ fn;s FksA /kkjk 41 jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj mls viuh Hkwfe dks gLrkUrj.k djus dk vf/kdkj FkkA /kkjk 41 jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e fuEu izdkj ls gS%& Transfer by ostensible owner—Where, with the consent, express or implied, of the persons interested in immovable property, a person is the ostensible owner of such property and transfers the same for consideration, the transfer shall not be voidable on the ground that the transferor was not authorised to make it. Provided that the transferee, after taking reasonable care to ascertain that the transferor had power to make the transfer, has acted in good faith. 10- olh;rukesa ds lEcU/k esa i=koyh ds voyksdu ls Li"V gksrk gS fd vihyk.V ,oa mlds xokgku~ us ekSf[kd lk{; ds vk/kkj ij ;g fl) fd;k gS fd dkys[kka }kjk c[khl dh xbZ FkhA eqfLye ilZuy ykW ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj c[khl ekSf[kd :i ls Hkh dh tk ldrh gS rFkk /kkjk 147 ds eqfLye ilZuy ykW ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj c[khl dk fyf[kr gksuk vko;d ugha gSA c[khl ck< esa cg xbZ Fkh bl dkj.k mls U;k;ky; esa izLrqr ugha fd;k tk ldkA bl c[khl dk gokyk olh;r esa Hkh fn;k x;k gSA eqYyk dk eksgeMu ykW dh /kkjk 147 fuEu izdkj ls gS%& "Writing not necessary—Writing is not essential to the validity of a gift either of movable or of immovable property. rFkk eqYyk ds eksgeMu ykW dh /kkjk 149 o 150 esa Hkh ;g izkof/kr fd;k x;k gS fd%& The three essentials of a gift—It is essential to the validity of a gift that there should be (1) a declaration of gift by the donor, (2) an acceptance of the gift, express or implied, by or on behalf of the donee, and (3) delivery of possession of the subject of the gift by the donor to the donee as mentioned in Section 150. If these conditions are complied with, the gift is complete. Section 150—Delivery of possession—(1) It is essential to the validity of a gift that there should be a delivery of such possession as the subject of the gift is susceptiable of (M.). As observed by the Judicial Committee, "the taking of possession of the subject matter of the gift by the donee, either actually or constructively". Is necessary to complete a gift (n). See Sections 145, 152 and 154. As observed by the Judicial Committee, "the taking of possession of the subject matter of the gift by the donee, either actually or constructively". Is necessary to complete a gift (n). See Sections 145, 152 and 154. mijksä izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj mfpr c[khlukesa ds fy;s fZMDysjsku vkWQ fxV gksuk vko;d gS rFkk fxV dh Loh—fr Mksuh }kjk fn;k tkuk Hkh vko;d gS ,oa c[khl dh xbZ lEifÙk dk dCtk nsuk t:jh gSA ;g rhuksa rF; miyC/k lk{; ls Hkyh Hkk¡fr lkfcr gksrs gSaA ,slh fLFkfr esa c[khl ftldk gokyk iznkZ 1 fnukad 6-7-1972 esa Hkh fn;k x;k gS dks ugha ekuus dk dksbZ leqfpr dkj.k izrhr ugha gksrk gSA 11- izko/kkuksa ds voyksdu ls fofnr gksrk gS fd jsLiksaMsaV deyk ds uke dkys[kka }kjk cspkuukek fnukad 7-2-1975 dks fd;k x;k gS tks c[khl dh fnukad 5-1-1972 rFkk olh;r dh fnukad 6-7-1972 ds ckn dk gSA jktLo jsdkMZ ds voyksdu ls Li"V gS fd deyk ds i{k esa tks foØ; i= fu"ikfnr fd;k x;k gS o c[khl ,oa olh;r ds ckn dk gSA dkys[kka ftl Hkwfe dh c[khl vihyk.V ds i{k esa fnukad 5-1-1972 dks dj pqdk Fkk ,oa dCtk Hkh ns pqdk Fkk rFkk ckn esa bl Hkwfe ds lkFk lkFk vU; lEifÙk ds lkFk lkFk vU; lEifÙk] Hkh iznkZ 1 ds vuqlkj fnukad 6-7-1972 dks vihyk.V ds i{k esa dh xbZ FkhA ,slh fLFkfr esa foØ; dh frfFk fnukad 7-5-1972 dks dkys[kka u rks Hkwfe ij dkfct Fkk vkSj u gh ml ij mldk vf/kdkj FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esa dkys[kka dks ipkr~orhZ foØ; djus dk vf/kdkj ugha Fkk ysfdu bl rF; dk fopkj.k U;k;ky; ,ao izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; us Bhd izdkj ls foys"k.k ugha fd;k vkSj blh dkj.k rudh ua-1 dk fu.kZ; vihyk.V ds fo:) fd;k x;k gSA olh;rukesa dk jftLVMZ gksuk vko;d ugha gS ;g ekSf[kd Hkh gks ldrk gSA ge vihyk.V ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dh bl nyhy ls Hkh lger gSa fd mlds fy;s lsy MhM dks fujLr djkuk vko;d ugha gSA ge vihyk.V ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dh bl nyhy ls Hkh lger gS nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; leorhZ gks fdUrq mUgksaus foys"k.k lgh ugha fd;k gks rks f}rh; vihy esa gLr{ksi fd;k tk ldrk gSA izR;FkhZ ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd us tks U;kf;d n`"VkUr isk fd;s og bl izdj.k ds foks"k rF;ksa ds ifjizs{; esa pLik ugha gksrs gSA vihyk.V ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd }kjk tks U;kf;d n`"VkUr izLrqr fd;s x;s gS og bl izdj.k esa foks"k :i ls mYys[kuh; gSA 12- mijksä of.kZr leLr rF;ksa dkuwuh izko/kkuksa ,oa U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq;s ;g vihy Lohdkj dh tkrh gSA jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh ds fu.kZ; fnukad 28-4-2001 ,oa mi[k.M vf/kdkjh ds fu.kZ; fnukad 19-1-1998 dks fujLr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk ;g izdj.k iqu% mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] ckalokM+k dks fjek.M dj funsZk fn;s tkrs gSa fd og bl fu.kZ; esa fn;s x;s fnkk funsZkksa ,oa U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, nksuksa i{kksa dh vfrfjä lk{; izLrqr djus dk volj iznku dj ,oa dkuwuh fLFkfr dk ijh{k.k dj Li"V fu.kZ; ikfjr djsaA fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA 13- vihyk/khu fu.kZ; U;k;ky; Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh] ckalokM+k fnukad 28-4-2001 vuqlkj %& iwoZ fu.kZ; fnukad 21-11-1984 rFkk mldh vihy esa fu.kZ; fnukad 6-9-1985 rFkk bl izdj.k esa orZeku vihykFkhZ vktkn eksgEen ds c;ku rFkk dkyw[kka }kjk orZeku jsLiksaMsaV@izfrokfn;k ds gd esa fu"ikfnr foØ; i= dk foLr`r v/;;u fd;k ftlls dqN folaxfr;kiw.kZ rF; izdV gksrs gSa rFkk dkyw[kka }kjk vktkn eksgEen ds i{k esa dh xbZ rFkkdfFkr c[khl ds lUnsgtud izekf.kr djrs gS] os bl izdkj gS %& dkyw[kka us izdj.k la[;k 4@79 esa fnukad 7-2-1983 dks vius c;ku esa izfr ijh{k.k ds le; ;g Lohdkj fd;k fd ^^dkwy[kka us eq>s ;g dgk fd esjs vkSykn ugha gS] bl lcds lkeus c[khl djds csVk cukrk gw¡A vkt ls rqe ejs csVs gks] o [ksr ds ekfyd gks] kgj ds dkth dks cqykus dh t:jr ugha gS] dkxt ij nLrkost gqvk gS] ml ij dkyw[kka us vaxwBk fd;k gSA nLrkost ck< vkus ls cgl x;k gS vFkkZr~ ;gka vktkn eksgEen c[khl dks fyf[kr crk jgs gS] ijUrq mUgha vktkn eksgEen usckn esa ,d nwljk olh;rukek fnukad 6-7-1972 izLrqr fd;k] ftlesa fnukad 5-1-1972 dks bl Hkwfe dh c[khl dkyw[kka }kjk vktkn eksgEen ds i{k esa fd;k tkuk vafdr gS vFkkZr~ ftl c[khl dks cm< esa cgl tkus ds dkj.k ;g olh;rukek izLrqr gqvk gS] ijUrq orZeku vihy esa bl c[khl dks ekSf[kd crk jgs gS rFkk eqfLye ykW esa ekSf[kd olh;r dks Hkh ekU;rk iznku dh gqbZ gS] bldh iqf"V esa eqfLye ykW izLrqr fd;k gSA bl rjg ,d rjQ rks c[khlukesa dks fyf[kr crk;k tk jgk gS rFkk nwljh rjQ c[khl dks ekSf[kd crk;k x;k gS] tks vius vki esa fojks/kkHkk"kh gS ,oa izfrokfn;k@jsLiksaMsaV ds i{k esa fu"ikfnr iath—r foØ; foys[k fnukad 7-2-1995 t;knk egÙoiw.kZ gS] ftls vc rd QthZ ?kksf"kr djus ds fy, fdlh flfoy U;k;ky; esa okn izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k gSA Lo;a oknh }kjk izLrqr ,d U;kf;d n`"VkUr vkj-vkj-Mh- 1989 ist 572 ukFkw cuek paxkjke ds fcUnq la[;k ^^c** esa vafdr gS fd%& "Transfer of Property Act—Section 54, Registration Act Sec. 47 sale by khatedar through registered sale deed conferred perfect title on plaint purchaser." 14- ;g lsy MhM] tks iath—r nLrkost gS] mls izfrokfn;k deyk dks leLr LoRo ,oa vf/kdkj izkIr gks x;s gSA 15- iwoZ ds izdj.k la[;k 220@2000 esa] tks ekSf[kd lk{; gq, gS] mldh rqyuk esa izfroknh@jsLiksaMsaV ds i{k esa tkjh fMØh ,oa fu.kZ; fnukad 21-11-1984] mldh vihy esa fu.kZ; fnukad 6-9-1985 rFkk iath—r foØ; foys[k dh lk{; dks v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us ekSf[kd lk{; ij izkFkfedrk nsdj lgh fu.kZ; fd;k gSA 16- iwoZ dk izdj.k la[;k 4@79 fu.kZ; fnukad 21-11-1984 ftlesa dkyw [kka }kjk dh xbZ rFkkdfFkr c[khl dk ijh{k.k gqvk ,oa ftls vekU; fd;k x;k gS] Lo;a dkyw[kka ds fo:) LFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk ikfjr dh xZ ,oa vc dkyw [kka ds izfrfuf/k ds :i esa vktkn eksgEen u;k okn ysdj izLrqr gq, ftlesa jsl T;wMhdsVk dk fl)kUr Hkys gh ykxw u fd;k tkos] fQj Hkh leLr rF;ksa dk foys"k.k iwoZ esa fd;k x;k ,oa ftls vihy esa vikLr ugha fd;k x;k] mls vc vLohdkj djus dk dksbZ dkj.k ugha gSA vr% vihy vihykFkhZ Lohdkj ugha dh tk ldrh ,oa izfroknh@jsLiksaMsaV ds fo:) LFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk ikfjr ugha dh tk ldrhA 17- vihyk.V ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd us ;g rdZ fn;k fd Lo;a izfrokfn;k Jherh deyk lk{; gsrq mifLFkr ugha gqbZ] blfy, mlds nLrkost] tks mlds }kjk ,fDtfcV ugha fd;s x;s] lk{; esa xká ugha fd;s tkus pkfg, rFkk lk{; vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 114 ds vUrxZr mlds fo:) ;g mi/kkj.kk curh gS fd mlds nLrkost dks ugha i<+k tkos rFkk vihydrkZ }kjk izLrqr lk{; dk [k.Mu ugha gksrk gS] blds fy, mUgksaus mPp U;k;ky; cksEcs 1981] mM+hlk 1982 ist 183] bykgkckn 1983 ist 202 ,oa loksZPp U;k;ky; 1994 ist 227 ij m)jr U;kf;d izdj.k esa izfrikfnr fl)kUr dh vksj /;ku vkdf"kZr fd;kA ijUrq izfrokfn;k ds i{k esa izLrqr ,fDtfcV djk;s x;s leLr nLrkost] U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; gSA vr% mudks lk{; esa xzká ugha djus dk dksbZ dkj.k ugha gSA fo}ku jsLiksaMsaV ds vf/koäk }kjk izLrqr U;kf;d n`"VkUr Jherh tUurckbZ cuke tkus dqkkyth tsFkkth vkj-,y-MCY;w- 1961 ist 16] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1981 lqizhe dksVZ Mh- dkSky cuke cky—".k] MCY;w-,y-,u- 1992 ist 146 Hko: [kka cuke vkfte [kka esa izfrikfnr fl)kUr orZeku izdj.k esa ykxw gksrs gSA ftlesa eqfLye }kjk dh xbZ c[khl ds iath;u dks Hkh vfuok;Z crk;k gS ,oa izfrokfn;k ds lk{; gsrq mifLFkr ugha jgus ls dksbZ foijhr fu"d"kZ ugha fudkyk tk ldrk] dk fl)kUr izfrikfnr gSA** 18- vnkyr ekrgrksa ds ,d ls fu.kZ; gSA vihyk/khu mijksä fu.kZ; ds Øe esa Jh ,e-,l- [kku] lnL; mijksä fu.kZ; mi;qä lizek.k ,oa fu;ekuqdwy ugha gSA U;k; fd;k gh ugha tkos oju~ ,slk yxuk Hkh pkfg;s fd U;k; fd;k x;k gSA bl Øe esa ekuuh; lnL; Jh ,e-,l- [kku ds fu.kZ; ls v/kksgLrk{kjdrkZ ¼ch-,y- eh.kk½ lger ugha gSA mijksä ekrgr U;k;ky;ksa ds fu.kZ; lizek.k ,oa fu;ekuqdwy gSA 19- pwafd [k.M ihB loZJh ch-,y- eh.kk] lnL; ,oa ,e-,l- [kku] lnL; dk bl izdj.k esa ,d er ugha gSA bl fLFkfr esa izdj.k dks ekuuh; r`rh; lnL; dks jsQj djus ds fy, ekuuh; v/;{k egksn; dks izdj.k izsf"kr fd;k tkosA