iqjksfgr] lnL;-&;g vihy /kkjk 224 jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 ¼la{ksi esa vf/kfu;e] 1955½ ds rgr Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] HkhyokMk }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 3-7-99 ds fo:) izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 2- izdj.k ds rF; la{ksi esa bl izdkj gS fd orZeku vihykaV~l us ,d okn ^vf/kfu;e* dh /kkjk 88 ds rgr ckcr~ ?kks"k.kk [kkrsnkjh dk mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] xaxkiqj ds le{k izLrqr fd;k ftlesa dFku fd;k fd fookfnr Hkwfe [kljk uacj 512 jdck 6 ch?kk 19 fcLok ekstk jk;iqj gYdk vkcknh esa fLFkr gS tks vihykaV ds iwoZtksa ds ;gka jgu j[kh xbZ FkhA rc ls muds ifjokj dk gh Hkwfe ij dCtk jgk gSA izfroknhx.k orZeku jsLiksaMsaV~l vius e`rd ukuk dh olh;r ds vk/kkj ij Hkwfe ij viuk vf/kdkj crkrs gSa vksj fnukad 14-12-78 ds ukekUrjdj.k la[;k 1358 ds vk/kkj ij jktLo jsdkMZ esa izfroknhx.k dk uke [kkrsnkj dh gSfl;r ls ntS gSA laor~ 1940 ls Hkwfe ij viuk dCtk crkrs gq, [kkrsnkjh dh ?kks"k.kk dk ;g okn izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA okni= esa ;g dFku Hkh fd;k x;k fd izfroknhx.k us jgu ls ckxqtkr djkus dk ,d okn la[;k% 116@74 izLrqr fd;k ftls lk{; ds vHkko esa fnukad 5-1-77 dks [kkfjt dj fn;k x;kA okni= esa Hkwfe ij vihykaV@oknh us 12 ch?kk ls vf/kd Hkwfe ij dCtk gksus ds vk/kkj ij dCtk eq[kkyikuk ¼Adverse possession½ ds vk/kkj ij Hkh okn Lohdkj djus dk fuosnu fd;kA fopkj.k U;k;ky; us fopkj.k ds ckn bl nkos dks vius fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 4-8-97 dks [kkfjt dj fn;k ftlds fo:) orZeku vihykaV~l@oknhx.k us Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] HkhyokMk }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fn- 3-7-99 ds fo:) ;g f}rh; vihy izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 3- vihyk.V~l ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk rdZ gS fd muds iwoZt Hkwfe ij esokM jkt ds tekus ls gh jgu fcy dCtk ds crkSj dkfct gS vkSj laor~ 1940 ds igys ls muds iwoZtksa ,oa ifjokj dk Hkwfe ij dCtk jgk gS ysfdu fnukad 14-12-78 dks oknhx.k dks lwpuk fn;s cxsj izfroknhx.k us ukekUrjdj.k la[;k 1378 ds tfj;s viuk uke ntZ djk fy;kA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd oknhx.k dk eqrZfguф&dCtk gVkus ls iwoZ jkfguku ds mRrjkf/kdkjh&ekaxhyky ,oa mlds HkkbZ I;kjpUn dh ifRu /kkiwckbZ jgu&ckxqtkLr dk okn la[;k% 116@74 lgk;d ftyk/khk] HkhyokMk ds le{k izLrqr fd;k ftls fnukad 5-1-77 dks [kkjht fd;k x;kA mudk ;g Hkh rdz gS fd dkuwu eky esokMk ds izko/kkuksa ds eqrkfcd Hkh jsLiksaMsaV~l dks mDr jgu NqMkus dk vf/kdkj lekIr gks pqdk gS rFkk Hkwfe ij eq[kkyikuk dCts ds vk/kkj ij os [kkrsnkjh dh ?kks"k.kk djokus ds vf/kdkjh gSaA 4- jsLiksaMsaV~l ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk rdZ gS fd jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 izHkko esa vkus ds ckn vf/kfu;e ds iwoZ esa jgu j[kh tehu ls jgu lekIr gksus ds /kkjk 43¼4½ esa izko/kku fn;s x;s gS vkSj bUgha izko/kkuksa ds rgr jgu lekIr dj Hkwfe muds uke ukekUrjdj.k ds vk/kkj ij ntZ dh xbZ gS vkSj vihykaV~l }kjk jgu ds ckcr ^eksVZxst&MhM* isk ugha dh xbZA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd tc Hkwfe crkSj jgu vihykaV~l us ^ijehlho* dCtk izkIr fd;k rks fQj os eq[kkyikuk dCts dh ^Iyh* ugha ys ldrs gSA 5- geus nksuksa i{kdkjksa ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kdx.k }kjk izLrqr rdZ lqusA mu ij euu fd;k ,oa i=koyh dk voyksdu fd;kA 6- loZizFke gekjs }kjk orZeku izdj.k esa izLrqr fofup;ksa dk v/;;u fd;k x;kA geus vihyk.V }kjk dkuwu e;kn esokM+ ds izko/kkuksa ds vuq:i jgu ekspu ds vf/kdkjksa ds lekIr gksus ds rdZ ij fopkj fd;kA bl laca/k esa U;kf;d fofup;ksa esa tks O;oLfkk nh xbZ gS] og bl izdkj gS%& 1971 MCY;w-,y-,u- ist 684 ij ^^Hksjk cuke jkesojyky**ds izdj.k esa ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; }kjk fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS%& Qanum Miyad Mewar — Arts. 2, 3 & 7 — Unregistered mortgage — Held, Art. 7 applies. (Para 5.) So far as the present suit is concerned there are 3 articles which require consideration namely articles 1, 2 and 7 which run as follows: 1. By a mortgagee for foreclosure or sale on the basis of a registered instrument. 60 years When the money secured by mortgage becomes due under its terms. 2. Against a mortgage to redeem or to recover possession of immovable property mortgaged. 60 years When the right to redeem or to recover possession accrues. 3. All suits between mortgagor and - and mortgage on the basis of unregistered deeds. 15 years When the right to sue accrues. (Para 6.) It is settled law that the right of redemption and the right of foreclosure are co-extensive see Mullas Commendary on the Transfer of Property Act. 5th Edition, page 412. Article 1 applies to suit for foreclosure or sale on the basis of a registered mortgage. The period of limitation is 60 years. Under article 7 the period of limitation for a suit for foreclosure of sale of an registered and unregistered mortgages as is contended on behalf of the respondent then a suit for redemption on the basis of an unregistered mortgage can be filed within 60 years. The limitation for bringing a suit for foreclosure or sale or such a mortgaged property under article 7 is only 15 years. As we have said above both the periods should be co-extensive. if on the other hand article 2 is held to apply only to suit for redemption or recovery of possession on the basis of registered deed there will be no such anomaly. We are of the opinion that the law making authority either inadvertantly omitted to put down that the law making authority either inadvertantly omitted to put down in article 2 that it is applicable only to suits based on registered mortgages or though that it was unnecessary to make a mention about it as article 2 follows article 1 in which it is mentioned that it is applicable to suits based on registered documents. (Para 8.) We accordingly hold that article 2 only applies to suits for redemption based on registered mortgages. As the present suit is based on an unregistered mortgaged article 7 is applicable to this case. (Para 8.) We accordingly hold that article 2 only applies to suits for redemption based on registered mortgages. As the present suit is based on an unregistered mortgaged article 7 is applicable to this case. 1983 vkj-vkj-Mh- ist&216 ij ^^/kuflag cuke ukFkwflag** ds izdj.k esa jktLo e.My jktLFkku dh [k.MihB }kjk fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS %& "Raj. Tenancy Act, Sec. 88 — Mewar Registration Act, St. 1988, Sec. 18(b) — Kanun Miyad Mewar, Art. 7 — Ptff. alleged that khadam land of, "G", mortgaged to p who sub-mortgaged in St.1951 (1894 A.D.) to father of ptff., recorded as mortgagee is Settlement of St.1990 (1933 A.D.) and that rights of G & P to redeem, extinguished — Held, mortgag by G and sub-mortgage by P, proved by documents and admission, made by defts. about their notice, served on ptff. to release land from mortgage — Possession of ptff., recorded as mortgagee in jamabandies of St.19 to 22 & 33 to 36 and entries in K.G. for St.17 to 22 — Registration of mortgage deeds, executed in Mewar State prior to Act of St.1988, not compulsory — Mortgage, made in St. 1951 and right to redeem mortgage, already extinguished much before R.T. Act came into force — 1971 W.L.N. 684, referred — hence, ptff., entitled to declaration of khatedari rights. 1951 and right to redeem mortgage, already extinguished much before R.T. Act came into force — 1971 W.L.N. 684, referred — hence, ptff., entitled to declaration of khatedari rights. 7- jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e 1955 dh /kkjk 43 esa —f"k Hkwfe ds jgu ds laca/k esa tks izko/kku fd;s x;s gS] os bl izdkj gS %& "Mortgage - (1) A khatedar tenant, or with the general or special permission of the State government or any officer authorised by it is in this behalf, a Gair Khatedar tenant may hypothecate or mortgage his interest in the whole or part of his holding for the purpose of obtaining loan from the State Government of Land Development Bank as defined in the Rajasthan Co-operative Societies Act, 1965 (Act 13 of 1965) or a Co-operative Society registered or deemed to be registered as such under the said Act or any Scheduled Bank or any other institution notified by the State Government in that behalf." (2) A khatedar tenant may transfer his interest in the whole or part of his holding in the form of usufructuary mortgage to any person but such mortgage must provide that the mortgage amount shall be deemed to be paid off by the usufruct of the property within a specified time not exceeding (five) years, and in this absence of such period being specified such mortgage shall be deemed to be for (five) years. Provided that on or after the publication of the Rajasthan Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1970 in the official gazette no khatedar tenant being a member of a scheduled caste or schedule tribe shall so transfer his rights in the whole or a part of his holding to any person who is not a member of a scheduled caste or a scheduled tribe. (3) A usufructuary mortgage under sub-section (2) shall, upon the expiry of the period mentioned herein before be deemed to have been satisfied in full without any payment whatsoever by the mortgagor, and the mortgaged land redeemed and the possession thereof shall be delivered by the mortgagee the mortgagor free from all encumbrances. (3) A usufructuary mortgage under sub-section (2) shall, upon the expiry of the period mentioned herein before be deemed to have been satisfied in full without any payment whatsoever by the mortgagor, and the mortgaged land redeemed and the possession thereof shall be delivered by the mortgagee the mortgagor free from all encumbrances. (4) a usufructuary mortgage of any land made before the commencement of this Act shall, upon the expiry of the period mentioned in the mortgage deed or twenty years from the date of execution thereof, whichever period is less, be deemed to have been satisfied in full without any payment whatsoever by the mortgagor and the mortgage debt shall accordingly be deemed to have been extinguished and thereupon the mortgaged land shall be redeemed and possession thereof shall be delivered to the mortgagor free from all encumbrances). [(4A) A usufructuary mortgage of any land made after the commencement of this Act and subsisting on the date of the commencement of the Rajasthan Tenancy (Amendment) Ordinance, 1975 shall upon the expiry of the period mentioned in the mortgage deed or five years from the date of execution thereof, whichever expires first, be deemed to have been satisfied in full without any payment whatsoever by the mortgagor and mortgage debt shall accordingly be deemed to have been extinguished and thereupon the mortgaged land shall be redeemed and possession thereof shall be delivered to the mortgagor free from all encumbrances. (4B) Where a usufructuary mortgage has once been made for any term under sub-section (2) or under sub-section (4), no further usufructuary mortgage of the same land shall be made within two years of the expiry of the first mentioned mortgage. (4C) Where a usufructuary mortgage stands redeemed under sub-section (4A) from a date earlier than the date of commencement of the Rajasthan Tenancy (Amendment) Ordinance, 1975, such redemption shall not be deemed t have been rendered the mortgage liable to pay to the mortgagor any penalty or mesne profits or both for the period from the date such redemption and the date of such commencement. (4D) On the redemption of the mortgage under sub-section (2) or sub-section (4A), the mortgagee shall deliver to the mortgagor shall deliver to the mortgagor all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property and and shall retransfer the property to the mortgagor and put him in possession thereof at his cost free from the mortgage and from all encumbrances created by him and those claiming under him within three months from the date of redemption of the mortgage: Provided that in cases where the usufructuary mortgage has been redeemed under sub-section (4A) from a date earlier than the date of the commencement of the Rajasthan Tenancy (Amendment) Ordinance, 1975, the delivery of documents, re-transfer and delivery of the possession of the property as aforesaid, unless already made, be effected within three months from the date of the commencement of the Rajasthan Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1976. (4E) Any mortgage who, without sufficient cause, fails to put the mortgagor in possession of the property within a period of three months as specified in sub-section (4D) shall on conviction, be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine which may extend to Rs.1000/- or both. The offence shall be cognizable and bailable and may be compounded by the mortgagor]. [(5) Without prejudice to the provisions contained in sub-section (4E), if the mortgages does not so re-deliver the possession of the land mortgaged, he shall liable to ejectment in accordance with Section 183-A]." 8- jgu] lgu ds ekspu ,oa mlds ipkr~ csn[kyh rFkk LFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk ds laca/k esa fofHkUu fofup;ksa esa tks O;oLfkk nh xbZ gS] og bl izdkj gS %& 1988 vkj-vkj-Mh ist 52 ij ^^/kuflag cuke ukFkwflag** ds izdj.k esa jktLo e.My jktLFkku dh [k.MihB }kjk fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS%& "(a) Rajasthan Tenancy Act, Section 43 — A hard and fast rule cannot be laid down that under no circumstances a mortgage can be proved by revenue records alone — If presumption raised by revenue records is rebutted by defendant, revenue records may not believed, but if there is no evidence in rebuttal factum of mortgage can be inferred from revenue record — 1976 R.R.D. 281 and R.R.D. 111, discussed. (Paras 7 & 8). (Paras 7 & 8). (b) Rajasthan Tenancy Act, Section 43 — Mortgages of over 20 years subsisting on 5.4.61 — Amendment was introduced for benefit of mortgagors — It could never have been intention of legislature to make suit barred by limitation before commencement of Amending Act or Rajasthan Tenancy Act itself — In such cases becomes a trespasser from 5.4.61 and suit under Section 183 can be filed within 12 years of that date — This principle will not apply in case where period of limitation had run out before 5.4.61 — 1972 R.R.D. 111 & 1981 R.R.D. 204, dissented. (Paras 16 & 17)". 1989 vkj-vkj-Mh ist 774 ij ^^exuyky cuke okxflag** ds izdj.k esa jktLo e.My jktLFkku dh [k.MihB }kjk fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS%& "(a) Limitation Act, Section 28 — Rights can be obtained by adverse possession and suit can also be filed on the basis of such possession. (Paras 14 to 15) (b) Rajasthan Tenancy Act, Section 88 — Person out of possession can not be granted declaration only. (Para 16)" exuyky cuke okxflag 1977 vkj-vkj-Mh ist 111 ij ^^Jherh xksjk ifRu pUnzk cuke lEirdqekj** ds izdj.k esa jktLo e.My jktLFkku dh [k.MihB }kjk fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS%& "Rajasthan Tenancy Act, Secs. 183.5(44) & 43(2) — Mortgage — Defts. in permissive possession, ejected as trespassers where title of ptff., established — In suit for ejectment, ptff. alleged that suitland, mortgaged to defts., in St.2003 by unregd. deed (not produced) — Defts. denied mortgage and claimed title on basis of old possession — Suit decreed by S.D.O. and decree, upheld by R.A.A. holding that Ex.P.1 and 4 amounted to admission of mortgage — Second appeal, filed — Whether defts. can be treated as trespassers and if so, from what date or whether they are mortgagees having acquired mortgage rights by prescription — 1958 R.L.W. 443 & 1972 WLN 784 suggested that a mortgage could not come into being by prescription — View contrary to 1958 RLW 443, taken in AIR 1960 Raj. 1 — view taken in 1958 RLW 443, approved in AIR 1974 SC 689 wherein AIR 1969 Raj. 1 not considered but S.C. held that where ptff. could not regain possession basis of oral mortgage, it was open to recover possession on strength of title and further held that document on record containing admission of resp. 1 — view taken in 1958 RLW 443, approved in AIR 1974 SC 689 wherein AIR 1969 Raj. 1 not considered but S.C. held that where ptff. could not regain possession basis of oral mortgage, it was open to recover possession on strength of title and further held that document on record containing admission of resp. that he was in possession under a mortgage, would not be admissible to prove terms of oral mortgage but it could be admitted to prove that resp. was not claiming possession as a tenant — Hence, Ex.P.1 taken by lower courts to be an admission of defts. to existence of mortgage which evidence strengthened by Patta issued in 1947 and Parcha Chakbandi and Khasra Girdawaris - 1976 R.R.D. 281 not helped appellants Defts. came on land through mortgage in St.2003 which not meant that terms of mortgage, proved or relationship of mortgagor and mortgagees existed between parties — Since defts. came into possession through invalid mortgage, possession must be treated as permissive and not that of trespasser u/s.5(44) — Defts. failed to prove their earlier possession — Defts. in permissive possession, when asked to vacate and did not to so, they became trespassers, liable to ejectment u/s.183 — Title of ptff., established and he could recover possession on that basis as held in AIR 1974 S.C. 698 — Suit, held rightly decreed. (Paras 5 to 9) 9- 1981 vkj-vkj-Mh ist 77 ij ^^nsohfdku cuke jkelgk;** ds izdj.k esa jktLo e.My jktLFkku dh [k.MihB }kjk fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS%& "Raj. Tenancy Act, Secs. 43(4)(a) & 212 — Unsf. mortgage — Redemption of — Period of — Ptff. alleged that land, mortgaged by father of deft.-applicant No.1 to "P" (Deft. - non-applicant No.2) in 1970 and then "P" mortgaged to father of ptff. and that period of redemption expired and plaintiffs father acquired khatedari rights, — Deft. alleged that mortgage to P, redeemed in 74 and mutation, attested by G.P. and they were in possession — Application for T.I., dismissed by S.D.O. but T.I. granted by R.A.A. holding that ptff. was in possession on basis of earlier entries — Property — Held that basic law in R.T. Act, totally overlooked by R.A.A. — Defts. started that mortgage redeemed in 74 and possession, returned to them as verified in mutation — Defts. also denied that ptff. was in possession on basis of earlier entries — Property — Held that basic law in R.T. Act, totally overlooked by R.A.A. — Defts. started that mortgage redeemed in 74 and possession, returned to them as verified in mutation — Defts. also denied that ptff. was either transferee of original mortgage — Act provides that mortgage shall be deemed to have been redeemed after expiry of 5 yrs. — Contention of ptff. that on failure to redeem mortgage within period stipulated in deed, he acquired khatedari rights, held not only contrary to Sec. 43(4)(a) but even his possession, not made out since documents for subs. years mentioned name of defts. — Hence findings of S.D.O., wrongly interferred with by R.A.A. — Order of R.A.A., set aside. (Para 2)" 1960 vkj-vkj-Mh ist 141 ij ^^Jh esgjke cuke Jh jktw** ds izdj.k esa jktLo e.My jktLFkku dh [k.MihB }kjk fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS%& "(a) Civil P.C., O.1 Rules 1 & 4 and O. 34 R.1 — Persons who may be joined as plaintiffs in suit for redemption of mortgage — Plaintiff Nos. 5 to 8 sold equity of redemption to plaintiff Nos.1 to 4 which was not held proved All plaintiffs held rightly joined. (Para 2)" (b) Raj. Tenancy Act, Secs. 43 & 43-A — Applicability — Sec. 43 does not apply to mortgages created before the enforcement of the Act. (Para 3) (c) Mortgage Suit for redemption of Suit not treated as a suit for recovery of possession u/s.183, Raj. Tenancy Act and defendant not treated to continue to occupy unlawfully were certain of mortgage and redemption not proved by evidence. (Para 3). (d) Evidence Act, Sec. 65 — Mortgage deed in writing but unregistered Document being inadmissible in evidence, secondary evidence cannot be admitted to prove its contents. (Para 3). (e) Admissions — Mortgage — Defendant who made admission in applications in Summary proceedings before Settlement authorities regarding mortgage not held bound in Subsequent suit for redemption — Plaintiff to prove factum of mortgage himself." (Para 3) (f) "Pleadings — Admission in pleadings — Party when not bound." 10- 1972 vkj-vkj-Mh ist 29 ij ^^xksiky cuke Jh enuyky** ds izdj.k esa jktLo e.My jktLFkku dh [k.MihB }kjk fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS%& (a) Raj. Tenancy Act, Secs. Tenancy Act, Secs. 183 & 43(2) — Usufructuary mortgage effected through mutation on 10.10.27 — Suit for ejectment, filed in 1965, dismissed by A.C. holding it barred by limitation — R.A.A. in appeal decreed suit holding it within limitation — Property — Sit, held governed by provisions of Sec. 43(2) — Sec. 43 amended on 5.4.61 and provisions, made applicable to mortgages, entered into before commencement of R.T. Act — Immediately after amendment, land stood redeemed without any payment since not period mentioned in mortgage deed — Relationship of mortgagor and mortgagee ended on 5.4.61 and mortgagee deemed a transfer u/s. 43(3) if land, not surrendered — For suits u/s. 183, period of limitation, 12 years — Period recloned from 5.4.61 — Finding of R.A.A. holding suit within limitation, upheld. (Para 11) Raj. Tenancy Act, Sec. 183 — Judgment — Out of seven issues framed by A.C. in suit for ejectment only three issues decided without recording evidence on remaining issues and suit dismissed on ground of limitation — R.A.A. in appeal decreed suit holding it within limitation without discussing in detail order of trial Court — Important issue of minority also, not discussed on evidence on record Property — Suit, held could be decreed by R.A.A. after having sufficient material before it on record to give finding on each issue — Detailed discussion on each issue on basis of oral and documentary evidence, necessary — Appeal accepted and judgment of R.A.A. to the extent of ejectment and penalty quashed — Case remanded to trial Court to decide issues except that on limitation. (Para 12 & 13) 11- eq[kkyikuk dCts ¼,MolZ itsku½ ds laca/k esa izfrikfnr fofup;ksa esa tks O;oLFkk,a nh xbZ gS] os bl izdkj gS %& ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1990 ¼,l-lh-½ ist 553 ij ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; dh [k.MihB dh [k.MihB }kjk ^^Achal Reddi vs. Ramakrishna Reddiar and others** ds izdj.k esa fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS%& "Limitation Act, 1963, Arts. (Para 12 & 13) 11- eq[kkyikuk dCts ¼,MolZ itsku½ ds laca/k esa izfrikfnr fofup;ksa esa tks O;oLFkk,a nh xbZ gS] os bl izdkj gS %& ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1990 ¼,l-lh-½ ist 553 ij ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; dh [k.MihB dh [k.MihB }kjk ^^Achal Reddi vs. Ramakrishna Reddiar and others** ds izdj.k esa fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS%& "Limitation Act, 1963, Arts. 64, 65 — Adverse possession — Executory contract of sale — Purchaser put in possession in pursuance of contract — His possession cannot be adverse." vkj-ch-ts- 2004 ist 17 ij jktLo e.My jktLFkku dh [k.MihB }kjk ^^lksfu;k cuke fdkksjey** ds izdj.k esa fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS%& "ADVERSE POSSESSION — When there is in permissive possession — Person cannot claim adverse possession — When a person who is in possession of land on the basis of permissive possession and he does not vacate possession then he will be trespassed as per the provisions of Section 183. The Court by treating such person as trespasser can eject him from the land. Further trespasser will be liable for payment of penalty of 15 times of the annual rent. (Para 10, 11 and 12)". v/khuLFk fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ;ksa ds fu"d"kksZ ls vihy esa gLr{ksi fd;s tkus ds laca/k nh xbZ O;oLFkk fuEu izdkj gS %& 1982 vkj-vkj-Mh ist 435 ij ^^iwju cuke ljdkj** ds izdj.k esa jktLo e.My jktLFkku dh [k.MihB }kjk fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS%& "(b) Raj. Tenancy Act, Secs. 224 & 42 — Concurrent findings of fact by lower courts that resps. (transferors) belonged to a specified S.C. — Held, such findings could not be interfered by second appellate Court. (Para 4(b))" 1974 vkj-vkj-Mh ist 346 ij ^^usrjke cuke gjhflag** ds izdj.k esa jktLo e.My jktLFkku dh [k.MihB }kjk fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS%& "(c) Raj. Tenancy Act, Secs. 224 & 188 — Second appeal — Scope, limited — Board cannot interfere with decision of app. court on a question of fact where first app. court upheld decision of trial court — Decision of suit u/s. 188 depended upon decision of factum of possession and question of possession, was a question of fact — Finding of trial Court on fact of possession after considering evidence, upheld by R.A.A. — No justification to interfere with decision and as such appeal, dismissed. court upheld decision of trial court — Decision of suit u/s. 188 depended upon decision of factum of possession and question of possession, was a question of fact — Finding of trial Court on fact of possession after considering evidence, upheld by R.A.A. — No justification to interfere with decision and as such appeal, dismissed. (Para 8)" 1982 vkj-vkj-Mh ist 435 ij ^^iwju cuke ljdkj** ds izdj.k esa jktLo e.My jktLFkku dh [k.MihB }kjk fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS%& (c) Circular dated 30.1.76 — Validity — Circular cannot take precedence over the provisions of a statute. (Para 4(c))". 12- nksuksa gh v/kuhLFk U;k;ky;ksa }kjk ikfjr leorhZiw.kZ fu"d"kksZ ds vk/kkj ij ikfjr fu.kZ; esa fd;s tkus okys gLr{ksi ds laca/k esa tks O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS] og bl izdkj gS%& 1999 vkj-ch-ts- ist 541 ij ^^gfjflag cuke dUgS;kyky** ds izdj.k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; dh [k.MihB }kjk fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS%& CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE 1908 :— SECTION 100 — Concurrent findings cannot be set aside merely due to lack of details in the pleadings — Mere lack of details in the pleadings cannot be reason to set aside concurrent findings of facts. SECTION 100 — Concurrent findings cannot be set aside by reappraisal of evidence — The finding recorded on sub-letting and nuisance by both the Court below being based on evidence on record its setting aside by reappraisal of evidence, and in any case without framing any substantial question of law of evidence, and in any case without framing any substantial question of law by the High Court cannot be sustained and further there is no substained and further there is not substantial question of law arising therein. (Para 16) Mh-,u-ts- ¼,l-lh-½ 2005¼2½ oksY;we&29 ist 603 ij ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk ^^Ram Sakhi Devi vs. Chhatra Devi (Smt.)** ds izdj.k esa fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS %& "Civil Procedure Code, 1908 — Sec. 100 — Second appeal — Requirement of formulating substantial question of law — On facts and evidence proved that defendant acquired permissive possession — Same cannot become adverse merely on the ground of long and continuous possession — High Court erroneously entertained second appeal without formulating substantial question of law." Supreme Court Cases 2001 (Vol-7) Page 189 "Hafazat Hussain vs. Abdul Majeed" ds izdj.k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; dh [k.MihB }kjk "Hafazat Hussain vs. Abdul Majeed & Others" ds izdj.k esa fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS %& "B. Civil Procedure Code, 1908 — S. 100 — Second appeal — Concurrent findings — Rule of non-interference in, held, is not an absolute rule of universal application — Therefore, in cases if mechanical refusal by second appellate court to interfere matter may be relegated to such to deal objectively with the claims of parties keeping in view the parameters of consideration for interference under Sec. 100". 13- ekuuh; jktLo e.My dh [k.MihB us ^^lksguflag cuke ykyk** izdj.k esa 1981 vkj-vkj-Mh- ist 560 ij vius fofup; esa fuEu izdkj O;oLFkk nh gS %& "(a) Rajasthan Tenancy Act, Secs. 88 & 188 — Suit for declaration and P.I., decreed by lower courts holding that in Jamabandi of St. 11, ptffs., entered as tenants in column of tenants to extend to 2/3rd share in khasra No.2 and half share in khasra No.96 disbelieving contention of defts. that ptffs. were mortgagees and land, redeemed by defts. and mutation, attested since theory of mortgage neither pleaded in W.S. nor proved — Held that in column No.5 of Jamabandi of St. 11 pertaining to tenants ptffs., entered as tenants to extent of 2/3 share in Khasra No.2 while in Kh. No.96, ptffs., entered as mortgagees to extent of half share — In column No.4 pertaining to land-holders defts. entered as mortgagors and ptffs., entered as mortgagees — Hence, defts., not appeared at all in col. No.5 — Neither originl of mortgage nor its conditions, proved — Contention that ptffs. being mortgagees were not tenants, could not be accepted — Positive finding of A.C. that ptffs. entered as mortgagors and ptffs., entered as mortgagees — Hence, defts., not appeared at all in col. No.5 — Neither originl of mortgage nor its conditions, proved — Contention that ptffs. being mortgagees were not tenants, could not be accepted — Positive finding of A.C. that ptffs. were tenants and relationship of mortgagor and mortgagee, not proved and contention that land, got redeemed, disbelieved which finding could not be interfered in second appeal. (Para 6) (b) Mortgage — Fact, not pleaded in W.S. could not be permitted to be raised at any stage where fact of mortgage remained unproved — Mere entry of mortgagor and mortgagee nor established mortgage itself. (Para 6)" ekuuh; jktLo e.My dh [k.MihB us ^^gLrhey cuke iUuk** izdj.k esa 1983 vkj-vkj-Mh- ist 240 ij vius fofup; esa fuEu izdkj O;oLFkk nh gS %& "(c) Rajasthan Tenancy Act, Secs. 15, 5(43) & 88 — Plaintiffs, entered a mortgagees in possession in mortgage deed and also in jamabandi of St. 22-25 — Mortgagee of tenancy rights is also a tenant u/s.5(43)—Ptffs. held acquired khatedari rights u/s. 15 being tenants at commencement of the Act—Mortgage, exected in St. 1945 and mortgagors right to redeem, extinguished long before R.T. Act came into force — Period of limitation for suit for redemption, based on unregd. mortgage deed was 15 years under Article 7, Qanum Miyad Mewar as held in 1971 WLN (Pt.I) 684. (Para 6)" ekuuh; jktLo e.My dh [k.MihB us ^^uUnyky cuke jk/ks;ke oxSjk** izdj.k esa 2000 vkjvkjMh ist 395 ij vius fofup; esa fuEu izdkj O;oLFkk nh gS%& "Rajasthan Tenancy Act, Sections 43(4) & 183 — Second appeal against R.A.A. — Held, disputed land was mortgaged in St. 1991 according to Fard Takrar — Period of redemption expires after 20 years i.e. in St. 2011 — Version of the plaintiff that disputed land was trespassed by defendants in St. 2033 who denied to hand over possession is supported by the entries of Jamabandi St. 2044-48 — Trespassers possession cannot be deemed as adverse possession however old it may be in case of mortgage — Suit, held within limitation — Suit decreed — Defendants evicted. 2011 — Version of the plaintiff that disputed land was trespassed by defendants in St. 2033 who denied to hand over possession is supported by the entries of Jamabandi St. 2044-48 — Trespassers possession cannot be deemed as adverse possession however old it may be in case of mortgage — Suit, held within limitation — Suit decreed — Defendants evicted. (Paras 6 to 12)" 14-bl izdj.k esa fof/k ls lacaf/kr lqlaxr izko/kkuksa ,oa izLrqr dh xbZ uthjksa dk bl izdj.k ds rF;ksa ds ifjisz{; esa v/;;u fd;k tkuk vko;d gSA izLrqr zdj.k esa oknh@vihyk.V dh vksj ls cryk;k x;k iwoZtksa dk ktjk bl izdkj gS%& 15- oknh@vihyk.V us mi [k.M vf/kdkjh xaxkiqj ds le{k izLrqr /kkjk 88 vf/kfu;e] 1955 ds okn esa xzke jk;iqj dh gky vkjkth la-512 jdck 6 ch?kk 19 fcLok ftldk iqjkuk ua-166 jdck 6 ch?kk 5 fcLok Fkk] dks oknhx.k ds iwoZtksa ds jgu fcy dCtk j[kk gksuk crk;k rFkk lEor~ 1940 esa lkfcd cankscLr ds le; ls esokM+ LVsV ds oDr ls gh eqrZfgu ntZ gksuk crk;k gSA bl izdkj oknhx.k mDr Hkwfe dk LokfeRo ,oa vkf/kiR; 100 o"kksZ ls vf/kd iqjkuk crk jgs gSaA oknhx.k@vihyk.V ds dFkukuqlkj oknh la[;k 1 o 2 vksadkj o txnhk dk 1@6 fgLlk oknh la-3 ,oa 4 Nrj ,oa dLrwjpan dk 1@3 fgLlk ,oa oknh la-5 ek/koyky dk 1@3 ,oa oknh la-6 enuyky dk 1@6 Hkwfe esa gS rFkk izfroknh ds vius ukuk ekaxhyky ds ;gka xksn vkus ls ukekUrjdj.k la-1358 fnukad 14-12-78 esa bUnzkt gksuk rFkk lu~ 1978 esa ukekUrjdj.k la-1318 fnukad 30-12-78 ls oknhx.kksa dk eqrZfgu bUnzkt gVkdj izfroknhx.k ds uke [kkrsnkjh ntZ gksuk crk;k x;k gSA oknhx.k@vihyk.V bl ukekUrjdj.k dks djrs oDr mudh lquokbZ ugha gksus ,oa fcuk mudks lwpuk fn;s Loh—r djus ls mls vf/kdkjfoghu ukekUrjdj.k crk jgs gSa blds vykok Hkh oknhx.kksa ds dFkukuqlkj izfroknhx.k ds iwoZtksa ds izdj.k la-116@74 esa jgu NqM+kus dk nkok fd;k tkuk vksj mldks kgknr ds vHkko esa fnukad 5-1-1977 dks fujLr gksuk crkrs gq, oknhx.k dk 12 o"kksz ls vf/kd dk dCtk gksus ls Hkh Hkwfe ds [kkrsnkj gksuk eku jgs gSA oknhx.k ds bu dFkuksa ds fo:) izfroknhx.k }kjk ukekUrjdj.k la-1318 dks ^vf/kfu;e 1955* dh /kkjk 43¼2½ ds rgr jgu ds bUnzkt gVkus dks fof/kor~ crkrs gq, vkSj bl bUrdky dks oknhx.k }kjk vihy ds tfj;s pqukSfr ugha nsus ls fookfnr Hkwfe ds rUgk [kkrsnkj crkrs gq, okn dks [kkfjt djus dk dFku fd;kA 16- fopkj.k U;k;ky; us 3 rufd;kr dk;e dh%& rudh ua-1 vk;k okn ds pj.k Øe la-1 esa of.kZr vkjkft;kr okds xzke jk;iqj esa fLFkr gksdj okn i= esa nkkZ;s vuqlkj oknhx.k ds iwoZt lEor~ 1984 ds iwoZ ls gh crkSj jfgu ds mDr vkjkth ij dkfct pys vk jgs gSaA &ftEes oknh rudh ua-2 vk;k fookfnr vkjkth ij oknhx.k dk vkf/kiR; eq[kkyQkuk gksdj ml dk dkr djrs pys vk jgs gSaA lc oknhx.k mDr vkjkth ds [kkrsnkj —"kd ?kksf"kr fd, tkus ds vf/kdkjh gSA & ftEes oknhx.k rudh ua-3 vuqrks"k&1 17- oknhx.k dh vksj ls tks xokgku izLrqr gq, gS muesa ih-MCY;w-1] nLrkostksa ds :i esa oknh & ,Xth-1 ls 10] izfroknhx.k & Mh-MCY;w-1 ,oa nLrkostksa esa & ,Xth-Mh&1 gSA izLrqr izdj.k esa vihyk.V ds vuqlkj dkuwu e;kn esokM+ ds vkfVZdy 8 ds rgr jgu NqM+kus dh e;kn 15 o"kZ gS rFkk 15 o"kZ ckn jgu NqM+k;k ugha tk ldrk u gh okn yk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj 15 o"kZ ckn oknh Lor% gh [kkrsnkj gks tkrs gSA tcfd jsLiksaMs.V~l ds vuqlkj jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e 1955 ds izHkko esa vkusds ckn jgu j[kh xbZ Hkwfe mDr vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 43¼2½ ,oa ¼3½ ds rgr [kkrsnkjh dh Hkwfe jgu j[ks 5 o"kZ ls vf/kd dk le; gks tkus ls jgu Lor% gh lekir gks tkrh gS vkSj ^^vf/kfu;e 1955** ds izHkko esa vkus ls iwoZ esa j[kh gqbZ Hkwfe ^^vf/kfu;e** dh /kkjk 43¼4½ ds rgr mDr eksfVZxst ----- vafdr vof/k ;k chl o"kz] tks Hkh igys gks] ds ipkr~ Lor% gh lekIr gks tkrk gS vkSj blh bUrdky la-1318@1012&78 Loh—r dj jgu ds bUnzkt gVk;s x;s gSA izLrqr izdj.k esa jgu ds ckcr~ dksbZ jguukek izLrqr ugha gqvk gSA jktLo fjdkMZ esa jgu ds bUnzkt ds vk/kkj ij Hkwfe dks 100 o"kZ iwoZ jgu j[kk tkuk crk;k x;k gSaA tgka rd Hkwfe dks jgu j[ks tkus dh izu gS] ukekUrjdj.k la-1318 fnukad 30-12-1978 }kjk jgu dk bUnzkt gVkdj Hkwfe izfroknh ds uke ntZ dh xbZ gSA blls Lo;a izfroknh Hkh badkj ugha djrs blfy, Hkwfe ds jgu j[ks tkus ds rF;ksa ls bUdkj ugha djrs blfy, Hkwfe ds jgu j[ks tkus ds rF;ksa ls bUdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA vf/kfu;e 1956 ds izHkko esa vkus ls iwoZ dkuwu eky esokM+ ds vkfVZdy 7 ds rgr jftLVMZ nLrkost jgu NqM+kus dh vof/k 15 o"kZ FkhA bl oS/kkfud izko/kku ,oa bl laca/k esa fofHkUu uthjksa esa tksfl)kUr izfrikfnr fd;s gSa mlls ;g Li"V gS fd mDr dkuwu e;kn esokM+ ds vkfVZdy 7 ds rgr vu&jftLVMZ jgu MhM ds jgu j[kh xbZ Hkwfe ds ckcr~ dksbZ Hkh okn tks Mortgager ,oa Mortgagee ds chp gksxkA dkuwu e;kn esokM+ esa vkfVZdy&1 o vkfVZdy&2 ds rg le;lhek 60 o"kZ ;fn jgu j[kh Hkwfe jftLVMZ nLrkost ds ek/;e ls gks gkykafd vkfVZdy&2 esa jftLVMZ nLrkost gksus dk Li"V vadu ugha gs ysfdu 1971 MCY;w-,y-,u- ist 684 esa ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; us bu izko/kkuksa dh leh{kk djrs gq, vkfVZdy&2 ds rgr vkus okys jgu dks Hkh jftLVMZ nLrkost ls gksus dh O;oLFkk nh gSA izLrqr izdj.k esa pwafd jguukek U;k;ky; ds le{k izLrqr ugha gqvk gS vkSj dsoy jktLo jsdkMz ds vk/kkj ij gh Hkwfe dks jgu j[kk tkuk ekuk x;k gSA blfy;s Hkwfe dks tfj;s jftLVMZ jgukek ds jgu j[kk x;k vFkok tfj;s vujftLVMZ jguukek ds jgu j[k x;k rFkk jgu dh v; krsZ D;k Fkha bldk drbZ [kqyklk ugha gqvk gS blfy;s dkuwu e;kn esokM+ ,DV ds vkfVZdy 7 dks gh ykxw dj vkfVZdy&1 dks ykxw ugha djus dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha gSa ge bl izdj.k esa vihyk.V }kjk isk dh xbZ uthjksa esa izfrikfnr fl)kUrksa ls lger gS ysfdu izLrqr izdj.k esa jguukek izLrqr ugh gqvk gS u gh jguukes dk jftLVMZ vFkok vujftLVMZ gksuk Li"V gqvk gSA blfy;s dkuwu e;kn ds vkfVZdy 7 esa nh xbZ le; lhek 15 o"kZ dh bl izdj.k esa ykxw djrs gq, Hkwfe ds jgu NqM+kus dh le;lhek vf/kfu;e 1955 ds ykxw gksus ls iwoZ gh lekIr gks tkus ds vihyk.V ds rdz ls lger ugha gSA 18- gekjs }kjk izLrqr izdj.k esa miyC/k nLrkostksa ds voyksu ,oa v/;;u ls ge ;g ikrs gSa fd jguukek ;fn fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k izLrqr u Hkh fd;k x;k gS vkSj ;fn jktLo jsdkMZ esa Hkwfe ds jgu dk bUnzktkr izekf.kr gksus tkrk gS rks Hkwfe dks jgu j[kk tkuk rks ekuk tk ldrk gS ysfdu mlesa jftLVMZ vFkok vujftLVMZ gksuk Li"V ugha gSA pwafd ,slk jguukek izLrqr ugha gqvk blfy;s e;kn ds vk/kkj ij gh mls vu&jftLVMZ ekudj vanj dkuwu e;kn ,DV ds vkfVZdy 7 ykxw djrs gq, jgu NqM+kus dh lhek lEer gksuk ekuuk drbZ oS/kkfud ugha gks ldrkA bl izdj.k esa tks okn orZeku vihyk.V }kjk yk;k x;k gS] og jguekspu dk u gksdj bl vkk; dk gS fd jsLiksaMs.V ds i{k esa vf/kfu;e 1956 dh /kkjk 54¼3½ ds rgr Lor% gh jgu lekIr gksuk ekurs gq, Loh—r fd;k x;k E;wVsku fnukad 14-12-78 ,oa jftLVMZ Hkwfe dks jgueqDr ekurs gq, izfroknh ds uke ukekUrjdj.k Loh—r dj ntZ dh xbZ [kkrsnkjh voS/k gSa tgka rd vf/kfu;e 1955 dh /kkjk 43¼4½ dk izu gS] bl /kkjk ds izko/kku Li"V gS rFkk blesa bl vf/kfu;e ds iwoZ esa fd;s x;s jgu ds ckcr~ izko/kku fd;s x;s gSa vkSj bUgha izko/kkuksa dk ykxw djrs gq, Hkwfe ij vihyk.V }kjk ,MolZ itsku dh Iyh dks ugha ekurs gq, rFkk izfroknh ds i{k esa fd;s x;s lu~ 1978 esa E;wVsku dks vihy }kjk pqukSrh ugha nsuk ekurs gq, orZeku vihyk.V dk okn vLohdkj fd;k x;k gSA orZeku vihyk.V Lo;a Hkwfe ij jgus ds vk/kkj ij dCts esa vkus dk dFku djus vk;k gS tks ^^Permisive possession** gS blfy, ,sls dCts ds ckcr~ ^^ adverse possession^^ dh Iyh dks drbZ ekU;rk ugha nh tk ldrhA jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh us Hkh fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ls lger gksrs gq, vihy fujLr dh gSa mijksDr foospu ds vk/kkj ij nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds }kjk leorhZiw.kZ fu"d"kksZ ij vk/kkfjr fu.kZ;ksa esa f}rh; vihy ds Lrj ij gLr{ksi fd;s tkus dk dksbZ vk/kkj izrhr ugha gksrkA 19- ifj.kkeLo:i ;g f}rh; vihy fujLr dh tkrh gS rFkk Hkw izca/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh HkhyokM+k dk fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 3-7-1999 ;Fkkor~ j[ks tkrs gSA fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA