tSu] lnL;-&;g fuxjkuh vUrxZr /kkjk 230 jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 fo:) fu.kZ; mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] ckanhdqbZ fnukad 4-8-2006 isk dh xbZ gSA 2- la{ksi esa rF; bl izdkj gS fd vizkFkhZ la-1@oknh us ,d jktLo okn mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] ckanhdqbZ ds U;k;ky; esa okLrs nq:Lrh uDkk isk dj vuqjks/k fd;k fd xzke Hkk.MsMk esa ckanhdqbZ ls jktx< rd iqrk vke lMd ds iwohZ vksj dnheh esa fLFkr xSjeqedhu vke jkLrs dk iqjkuk [k-ua- 684 Fkk] ftlds u;s uacj 684 cusA mä [k-ua- 684 vke lMd o [k-ua- 344 ds e/; fLFkr jgk gS mls xSjeqefdu vkcknh esa ifjofrZr djk dkQh yksxksa dks vkcknh o vkoklh; Hkw[k.M vkoafVr fd;s x;s] ftlesa ls vizkFkhZ@oknh dks Hkh ,d Hkw[k.M [k-ua- 344 vkoafVr fd;k x;k] rc ls og crkSj ekfyd dkfct gSA blds u;s uacj 576@1788 dk;e gq, gSA bl vkjkth ds [kkrsnkj us mä [kljk dh Hkwfe nhxj O;fä;ksa dks cspku dj dkfct djk;k gS ,oa vizkFkhZ@ oknh ds iÍs ij Hkh uktk;t dCtk djus dh xjt ls uDksa esa mlds IykWV dks xyr rkSj ls vafdr djk fn;k gS] ftls nq:Lr djus ds fy;s izkFkZuk i= isk fd;kA ;g fd izkFkhZx.k us tokc isk djus ds lkFk gh ,d izkFkZuk i= vUrxZr vknsk 7 fu;e 11 lhihlh isk dj dFku fd;k fd vizkFkhZ@oknh us okn MqIyhdsV esa isk ugha fd;kA lkFk gh lhihlh dh /kkjk 80 ds rgr okn isk djus ls iwoZ jkT; ljdkj dks uksfVl ugha fn;k ,oa okn esa dksbZ dkj.k ugha nkkZ;k gSA bl vk/kkj ij oknh dk okn vknsk 7 fu;e 11 lhihlh ds rgr fujLruh; gSA mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] ckanhddqbZ us fu.kZ; fnukad 4-8-2006 }kjk izkFkhZx.k dk izkFkZuk i= vLohdkj dj fn;kA ftlls vlUrq"V gksdj ;g fuxjkuh isk dh xbZ gSA 3- izkFkhZx.k ds vf/koäk us cgl esa mijksä rF;ksa dks nksgjkrs gq, crk;k fd ewy okn esa izkFkhZx.k dks i{kdkj ugha cuk;k x;k FkkA vr,o vknsk 1 fu;e 10 lhihlh ds rgr izkFkhZx.k us izkFkZuk i= isk fd;k tks fnukad 27-1-2006 dks Lohdkj gqvkA rRipkr~ izkFkhZx.k us fnukad 28-3-2006 dks vknsk 7 fu;e 11 lhihlh ds rgr izkFkZuk i= isk dj dFku fd;k fd vizkFkhZ@oknh }kjk okn MqIyhdsV esa isk ugha fd;k x;kA nks;e] jkT; ljdkj dks okn isk djus ls iwoZ /kkjk 80 lhihlh dk uksfVl ugha fn;k ,oa okn esa dksbZ dkj.k Hkh ugha nkkZ;k gSA vr,o vknsk 7 fu;e 11 lhihlh ds rgr okn iks"k.kh; ugha gSA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd fookfnr Hkwfe vkcknh gS] vr,o jktLo U;k;ky; dk {ks=kf/kdkj ugha curk gSA mUgksaus tekcanh laor~ 2059-62 esa vkjkth [ka-ua- 684 dks xSjeqefdu vkcknh ntZ gksuk crk;k o mä vk/kkj ij fuxjkuh Lohdkj djus dk vuqjks/k fd;k rFkk vius dFku ds leFkZu esa AIR 1990 SC 648 , 2004 RBJ pg. 313, 2006 RJB pg. 726, 2005 RRT (2) pg. 1206, AIR 2003 SC pg. 759 vkfn ds U;kf;d n`"VkUr m)fjr fd;sA 4- vizkFkhZ ds vf/koäk us cgl ds mÙkj esa crk;k fd okn i= MqIyhdsV esa isk fd;k tkuk t:jh ugha gSA tSlk fd 1974 RRD pg. 271 esa fl)kUr izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gSA /kkjk 80 lhihlh ds uksfVl dk ,rjkt djus dk vf/kdkj ljdkj dks gksrk gS u fd izkFkhZ dksA okn ds dkj.k] okn i= ds iSjk 8 esa vafdr gS vr,o izkFkhZx.k ds vf/koäk }kjk yxk;s x;s vk{ksi fujk/kkj gSA vizkFkhZ ds vf/koäk us ;g Hkh dFku fd;k fd izkFkhZx.k ds izkFkZuk i= esa fookfnr Hkwfe vkcknh gksus ds lEcU/k esa dksbZ Hkh vkifÙk ugha dh xbZ gSA vr% vc bl fcUnq dks mBk;k tkuk pleading ls ckgj dk dFku gksus ls vekU; djus ;ksX; gSA mUgksaus mi[k.M vf/kdkjh ds fu.kZ; dks lgh crk;k o vius dFku ds leFkZu esa 1988 RRD pg. 143, 2005 RRT (2) pg. 1448, AIR 2003 SC pg. 189, 1974 RRD pg. 271, AIR 2006 SC pg. 1828, AIR 1973 SC pg. 76, AIR 1978 SC pg. 1341 ds U;kf;d n`"VkUr m)fjr fd;sA 5- mi jktdh; vf/koäk us cgl esa crk;k fd vknsk 7 fu;e 11 lhihlh dk izkFkZuk i= le; ls iwoZ gh isk dj fn;k x;k gS d;ksafd blesa vHkh tokc vkuk ckdh gS ,oa /kkjk 80 lhihlh ds uksfVl dk ekeyk vyx ls rudh dk;e dj fuf.kZr fd;k tk ldrk gS ,oa okn esa fopkj.kh; izu uDks esa nq:Lrh ckcr~ gS ,oa mlds }kjk fdlh ds gd dk fu/kkZj.k ugha fd;k tkuk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa mUgksaus vknsk 7 fu;e 11 lhihlh ds izkFkZuk i= dks vuko;d crk;kA 6- geus mHk; i{k ds fo}ku vf/koäkvksa dh cgl ij euu fd;k o i=koyh dk voyksdu fd;kA 7- izkFkhZx.k us fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k vknsk 7 fu;e 11 lhihlh ds rgr izkFkZuk i= isk dj okn i= MqIyhdsV esa ugha gksus] /kkjk 80 lhihlh dk uksfVl tkjh ugha djus ,oa okn dkj.kksa dk vfHkopu ugha djus ds dkj.k vizkFkhZ dk okn pyus ;ksX; ugha crk;kA bl ij mi[k.M vf/kdkjh us foospu djrs gq, fnukad 4-8-2006 dks ;g izkFkZuk i= fujLr dj fn;kA bl lEcU/k esa AIR 2003 SC pg. 189 voyksduh; gS] tks bl izdkj gS%& "(A) Civil P.C. (5 of 1908), Ss. 189 voyksduh; gS] tks bl izdkj gS%& "(A) Civil P.C. (5 of 1908), Ss. 27, 89, 100-A, O. 7, R. 11; O. 18, R. 4; O. 41, R. 9 (as amended by Act 46 of 1999 and 2 of 2002) — Amendments made by 99 and 2002 Acts — Do not suffer from any constitutional infirmity. bl uthj ds izdkk esa okn i= dk MqIyhdsV esa isk ugha djuk ,d rduhdh ekeyk gS] ftldh vHkh Hkh iwfrZ djok;h tk ldrh gSA /kkjk 80 lhihlh ds uksfVl dh vfuok;Zrk ,oa futh i{kdkj }kjk bl ,rjkt dks mBkus ds lEcU/k esa 1974 RRD 271 (d) voyksduh; gS] tks bl izdkj gS%& "(d) Civil P.C., Sec. 80 — Notice — Absence of — Whether State of Public Officer against whom suit, filed can only raise objection and other defts. cannot be allowed to do so — Held that it is only State or Public Officer for whose benefit protection, granted can raise such objection and no other party can be allowed to raise it. (Para 18)" blds vuqlkj fdlh i{kdkj dks /kkjk 80 lhihlh ds lEcU/k esa ,rjkt djus dk vf/kdkj ugha gSA okn i= ds voyksdu ls Kkr gksuk gS fd blds iSjk 8 esa okn dkj.k ds rF; vafdr fd;s x;s gS vr,o AIR 2006 SC pg. 1828 ds lUnHkZ esa izkFkhZx.k dk ;g vk{ksi Hkh ekU; ugha ik;k tkrk gSA 8- geus izkFkhZx.k ds vf/koäk }kjk m)fjr U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa dk Hkh voyksdu fd;kA 2005(2) RRT pg. 1206 ds vuqlkj vkoklu e.My ds ekeys esa okn isk djus ls iwoZ nks ekg dk uksfVl rkehy djkuk visf{kr gS fdUrq ;g uthj bl ekeysa esa pLik ugha gksrh D;ksafd /kkjk 80 lhihlh ds uksfVl ds ckcr~ ,rjkt jkT; ljdkj ds ctk; futh i{kdkj }kjk fd;k x;k gSA izkFkhZx.k ds vf/koäk }kjk m)fjr uthj 2006 RBJ pg. 726 xzkenku Hkwfe ls lEcfU/kr gS] tks ;gka ykxw ugha gksrh gSA izkFkhZx.k ds vf/koäk us fookfnr Hkwfe dks vkcknh Hkwfe gksuk crkrs gq, ekeyk {ks=kf/kdkj ds ckgj gksus dk tks rdZ fn;k gS] og izkFkZuk i= esa of.kZr dFkuksa ls fHkUu gSA vr,o bl fcUnq ij fopkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk tks pleadings ls ckgj dk gS ,oa blh izdkj dk vfHker 1988 RRD pg. 143(c) esa izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gS%& "Pleadings — Court cannot make out a case beyond pleading of parties." 9- ;gka vizkFkhZ@oknh dk nkok ewy :i ls uDks esa rjehe ls lEcfU/kr gS ,oa okLrfodrk ds vuq:i uDks esa rjehe djuk Hkw vfHkys[k vf/kdkjh ¼Land Record Officer½ dk nkf;Ùo gS ,oa bl rjehe ds lEcU/k esa jkT; ljdkj dh vksj ls izLrqr tokc tks fd Hkw izcU/k foHkkx }kjk izsf"kr i= ij vk/kkfjr gS] mlds vuqlkj rjehe dj cVk uacj vafdr djus esa jkT; ljdkj dks dksbZ vkifÙk ugha gSA mijksä foospu ds vk/kkj ij mi[k.M vf/kdkjh }kjk vknsk 7 fu;e 11 lhihlh ds izkFkZuk i= ij ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 4-8-2006 mfpr izrhr gksrk gS ,oa mlesa fdlh n[kyUnkth dh vko;drk izrhr ugha gksrhA 10- vr,o ;g fuxjkuh lkjghu gksus ls [kkfjt dh tkrh gS ,oa mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] ckanhdqbZ dk fu.kZ; fnukad 4-8-2006 ;Fkkor~ j[kk tkrk gSA fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA